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Wang Y, Goecke A, Hirschberg V, Zhong Y, Liu S, Wilhelm M, Huang Q. Unexpected Stress Overshoot in Extensional Flow of Star Polymer Melts. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:812-817. [PMID: 38861706 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the nonlinear rheological behavior of 3-arm star polymer melts in fast extensional flow is identical to that of linear polymers with the same span molecular weight, because the star polymers are highly aligned and have a similar conformation as the corresponding linear polymers. However, with more arms, it would be more difficult for the stars to be aligned like linear chains, and the nonlinear extensional rheology of star polymers with more arms under large deformations has not been investigated yet. Here we show that the star polystyrene (8-10 arms) melts behave differently from the linear polystyrenes. A transient stress overshoot is observed in the fast extensional flow, probably due to the difference in entanglement density near and far away from the branch point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinrui Wang
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Anika Goecke
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National-Certified Enterprise Technology Center, Kingfa Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Qian Huang
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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2
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Schußmann MG, Wilhelm M, Hirschberg V. Predicting maximum strain hardening factor in elongational flow of branched pom-pom polymers from polymer architecture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3545. [PMID: 38670947 PMCID: PMC11053115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a model-driven predictive scheme for the uniaxial extensional viscosity and strain hardening of branched polymer melts, specifically for the pom-pom architecture, using the small amplitude oscillatory shear mastercurve and the polymer architecture. A pom-pom shaped polymer is the simplest architecture with at least two branching points, needed to induce strain hardening. It consists of two stars, each with q arms of the molecular weightM w , a , connected by a backbone ofM w , b . Despite the pom-pom constitutive model, experimental data of systematic investigations lack due to synthetic complexity. With an optimized approach, we synthesized polystyrene pom-pom model systems with systematically variedM w , a andM w , b . Experimentally, we identify four characteristic strain rate dependent regimes of the extensional viscosity, which can be predicted from the rheological mastercurve. Furthermore, we find that the industrially important maximum strain hardening factor depends only on the arm number by [ q 2 / ln ( 3 q ) ] . This framework offers a model-based design of branched polymers with predictable melt flow behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max G Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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3
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Schußmann MG, Kreutzer L, Hirschberg V. Fast and Scalable Synthetic Route to Densely Grafted, Branched Polystyrenes and Polydienes via Anionic Polymerization Utilizing P2VP as Branching Point. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300674. [PMID: 38234077 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Defined, branched polymer architectures with low dispersity and architectural purity are of great interest to polymer science but are challenging to synthesize. Besides star and comb, especially the pom-pom topology is of interest as it is the simplest topology with exactly two branching points. Most synthetic approaches to a pom-pom topology reported a lack of full control and variability over one of the three topological parameters, the backbone or arm molecular weight and arm number. A new, elegant, fast, and scalable synthetic route without the need for post-polymerization modification (PPM) or purification steps during the synthesis to a pom-pom and a broad variety of topologies made from styrene and dienes is reported, with potential application to barbwire, bottlebrush, miktoarm star, Janus type polymers, or multi-graft copolymers. The key is to inset short poly(2-vinyl-pyridine) blocks (<2 mol% in the branched product) into the backbone as branching points. Carb anions can react at the C6 carbon of the pyridine ring, grafting the arms onto the backbone. Since the synthetic route to polystyrene pom-poms has only two steps and is free of PPM or purification, large amounts of up to 300 g of defined pom-pom structures can be synthesized in one batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max G Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Kreutzer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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4
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Röpert MC, Hirschberg V, Schußmann MG, Wilhelm M. Impact of Topological Parameters on Melt Rheological Properties and Foamability of PS POM-POMs. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Röpert
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Max G. Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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5
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Röpert MC, Schußmann MG, Esfahani MK, Wilhelm M, Hirschberg V. Effect of Side Chain Length in Polystyrene POM–POMs on Melt Rheology and Solid Mechanical Fatigue. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Röpert
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Max G. Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masood K. Esfahani
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203531. [PMID: 34685290 PMCID: PMC8540998 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO2 nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process on the molecular structure and on the thermal/mechanical/rheological properties of recycling post-consumer opaque PET (r-PET) has been analyzed. A 1% w/w Joncryl addition caused a moderate increase in the molecular weight. A moderate increase in chain length could not explain a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. This result is probably due to the presence of branches interrupting the crystallizable sequences in reactive extruded r-PET (REX-r-PET). A rheological investigation performed by SAOS/LAOS/elongational studies detected important structural modifications in REX-r-PET with respect to linear r-PET or a reference virgin PET. REX-r-PET is characterized by a slow relaxation process with enlarged elastic behaviors that are characteristic of a long-chain branched material. The mechanical properties of REX-r-PET increased because of the addition of the chain extender without a significant loss of elongation at the break. The reactive extrusion process is a suitable way to recycle opaque PET into a material with enhanced rheological properties (thanks to the production of a chain extension and long-chain branches) with mechanical properties that are comparable to those of a typical virgin PET sample.
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Tian B, Li J, Li Z, Dong W, Zhang N, Zhao H, Liu Y, Di M. Preparation of polypropylene with high melt strength by wet reaction blending of lignin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy Harbin PR China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin PR China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy Harbin PR China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy Harbin PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine China Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy Harbin PR China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy Harbin PR China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy Harbin PR China
| | - Mingwei Di
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin PR China
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Mulama AA, Roumpos K, Pradipkanti L, Oduor AO, Reiter G. Rheological Properties of Blends of Isotactic Polystyrene–Isotactic Poly( para-methylstyrene) Films Derived from a Comparative Dewetting Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austine A. Mulama
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Konstantinos Roumpos
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - L. Pradipkanti
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Andrew O. Oduor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bio-inspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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Tian B, Li J, Li Z, Xu N, Yao G, Zhang N, Dong W, Liu Y, Di M. Synergistic lignin construction of a long-chain branched polypropylene and its properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38120-38127. [PMID: 35515157 PMCID: PMC9057192 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of current environmental pressures (referring to its destruction) and the consumption of petrochemical resources, the substitution of chemicals products with renewable natural substances has attracted extensive interest. In this paper, a synergistically constructed lignin polypropylene matrix composite with long-chain branched characteristics was prepared by a pre-irradiation and melt blending method. The effects of lignin on the crystallization, rheological behavior, foaming and aging properties of polypropylene were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy results show that lignin undergoes heterophasic nucleation in a polypropylene matrix; rheological studies show that lignin promotes the formation of a heterogeneous polypropylene network, and thus polypropylene exhibits long-chain branching features; nucleation and a network structure endow the polypropylene-based composites with uniform cell size, thin cell walls, and a foaming ratio of 5–44 times; at the same time, a large number of hindered phenols in lignin can capture free radicals to improve the aging properties of the polypropylene. This research will help to convert industrial waste into functional composite materials. Polypropylene with long chain branching behavior was constructed by lignin, which foaming property and polarity were improved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China .,Institute of Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin 150086 P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin 150086 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin 150086 P. R. China
| | - Ningdi Xu
- Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
| | - Gang Yao
- Institute of Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin 150086 P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin 150086 P. R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Institute of Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin 150086 P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Di
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
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10
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Precise construction of polymer brush on a nanosilica surface via the combination of anionic polymerization and Ugi-4CR. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Molecular origin of the foam structure in model linear and comb polystyrenes: II. Volume expansion ratio. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Abbasi M, Faust L, Wilhelm M. Molecular origin of the foam structure in model linear and comb polystyrenes: I. Cell density. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Mulama AA, Chandran S, Roumpos K, Oduor AO, Reiter G. Dewetting Rheology for Determining Viscoelastic Properties of Nonequilibrated Thin Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austine A. Mulama
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Maseno University, PO Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Roumpos
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Andrew O. Oduor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Maseno University, PO Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bio-inspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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Abbasi M, Faust L, Wilhelm M. Comb and Bottlebrush Polymers with Superior Rheological and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806484. [PMID: 30790370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Comb and bottlebrush polymers present a wide range of rheological and mechanical properties that can be controlled through their molecular characteristics, such as the backbone and side chain lengths as well as the number of branches per molecule or the grafting density. This review investigates the impact of these characteristics specifically on the zero shear viscosity, strain hardening behavior, and plateau shear modulus. It is shown that for a comb polymer with an entangled backbone and entangled side chains, a maximum in the strain hardening factor and minimum in the zero shear viscosity η0 can be achieved through selection of an optimum number of branches q. Bottlebrush polymers with flexible filaments and extremely low plateau shear moduli relative to linear polymers open the door for a new class of solvent-free supersoft elastomers, where their network modulus can be controlled through both the degree of polymerization between crosslinks, nx , and the length of the side chains, nsc , with G B B 0 ≈ ρ k T n x - 1 ( n s c + 1 ) - 1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abbasi
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lorenz Faust
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Petit C, Abbasi M, Fischer TS, Wilhelm M, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C. Comb Polymers with Triazole Linkages under Thermal and Mechanical Stress. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Petit
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | | | - Tobias S. Fischer
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | | | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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16
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Yang L, Yang Z, Zhang F, Xie L, Luo Z, Zheng Q. Star Shaped Long Chain Branched Poly (lactic acid) Prepared by Melt Transesterification with Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Nano-ZnO. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070796. [PMID: 30960721 PMCID: PMC6403968 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain branched poly (lactic acid) (LCBPLA) was prepared via transesterification between high molecular weight poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and low molar mass monomer trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) during melt blending in the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) as a transesterification accelerant in a torque rheometer. Compared with the traditional processing methods, this novel way is high-efficiency, environmentally friendly, and gel-free. The results revealed that chain restructuring reactions occurred and TMPTA was grafted onto the PLA backbone. The topological structures of LCBPLA were verified and investigated in detail. It was found that the concentration of the accelerants and the sampling occasion had very important roles in the occurrence of branching structures. When the nano-ZnO dosage was 0.4 phr and PLA was sampled at the time corresponding to the reaction peak in the torque curve, PLA exhibited a star-shaped topological structure with a high branching degree which could obviously affect the melt strength, extrusion foaming performances, and crystallization behaviors. Compared with pristine PLA, LCBPLA showed a higher melt strength, smaller cell diameter, and slower crystallization speed owing to the synergistic effects of nano-ZnO and the long chain branches introduced by the transesterification reaction in the system. However, severe degradation of the LCBPLAs would take place under a mixing time that was too long and lots of short linear chains generated due to the excessive transesterification reaction, with a sharp decline in melt strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zaijun Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lijin Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhu Luo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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17
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Yang L, Jiang T, Gong W, He L, Luo Z, Zhang C. Influence of polypropylene topological structure evolution during melt branching reactive processing on its melt performances. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Luo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang 550003 People's Republic of China
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18
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Abbasi M, Faust L, Riazi K, Wilhelm M. Linear and Extensional Rheology of Model Branched Polystyrenes: From Loosely Grafted Combs to Bottlebrushes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abbasi
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lorenz Faust
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kamran Riazi
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Polystyrene comb architectures as model systems for the optimized solution electrospinning of branched polymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Wang Q, Ma H, Sang W, Han L, Liu P, Shen H, Huang W, Gong X, Yang L, Wang Y, Li Y. Synthesis of sequence-determined bottlebrush polymers based on sequence determination in living anionic copolymerization of styrene and dimethyl(4-(1-phenylvinyl)phenyl)silane. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-determined bottlebrush polymers are precisely, efficiently and conveniently synthesized.
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21
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Zhang X, Guo W, Wu Y, Gong L, Li W, Li X, Li S, Shang Y, Yang D, Wang H. Cationic polymerization of p-methylstyrene in selected ionic liquids and polymerization mechanism. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymerizations of p-methylstyrene were investigated in selected ionic liquids and the possible polymerization mechanism was proposed.
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22
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Zhao Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Wang Y, Li Z, Hu Y, Xiao X. Polar polystyrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers with long polybutadiene branches. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhanyue Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yongzhao Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yanming Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xuesong Xiao
- Yifang Industry Factory, Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, PetroChina Company Limited; No. 143 Hongwei Road, Hongwei District Liaoyang Liaoning Province 111003 China
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23
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Altintas O, Riazi K, Lee R, Lin CY, Coote ML, Wilhelm M, Barner-Kowollik C. RAFT-based Polystyrene and Polyacrylate Melts under Thermal and Mechanical Stress. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Polymeric Materials, Institut für Technische Chemie
und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kamran Riazi
- Polymeric Materials, Institut für Technische Chemie
und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Richmond Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free-Radical
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ching Y. Lin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free-Radical
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free-Radical
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Polymeric Materials, Institut für Technische Chemie
und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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24
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Agostini S, Hutchings LR. Synthesis and temperature gradient interaction chromatography of model asymmetric star polymers by the “macromonomer” approach. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Kempf M, Ahirwal D, Cziep M, Wilhelm M. Synthesis and Linear and Nonlinear Melt Rheology of Well-Defined Comb Architectures of PS and PpMS with a Low and Controlled Degree of Long-Chain Branching. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kempf
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences,
Institute
of Chemical Technology and Polymerchemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Deepak Ahirwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences,
Institute
of Chemical Technology and Polymerchemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Miriam Cziep
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences,
Institute
of Chemical Technology and Polymerchemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences,
Institute
of Chemical Technology and Polymerchemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131
Karlsruhe, Germany
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26
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Hutchings LR. Complex Branched Polymers for Structure–Property Correlation Studies: The Case for Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography Analysis. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3005422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian R. Hutchings
- Durham Centre for
Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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27
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Zheng J, Liu F, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Wang L, Liu Y, Tang T. Synthesis of Diverse Well-Defined Functional Polymers Based on Hydrozirconation and Subsequent Anti-Markovnikov Halogenation of 1,2-Polybutadiene. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202628p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guangchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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28
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A new grafting monomer for synthesizing long chain branched polypropylene through melt radical reaction. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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