1
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Li Y, He Z, Li Y, Cao D, Cheng X, Shi Z, Duan H, Feng A, Wang S, Xie J, Yan X. Polymer colloidal motors with photodynamic-regulated propulsion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:64-73. [PMID: 38964125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Artificial colloidal motors capable of converting various external energy into mechanical motion, have emerged as attractive photosensitizer (PS) nanocarriers with good deliverability for photodynamic therapy. However, photoactivated 3O2-to-1O2 transformation as the most crucial energy transfer of the photodynamic process itself is still challenging to convert into autonomous transport. Herein, we report on PS-loaded thiophane-containing semiconducting conjugated polymer (SCP)-based polymer colloidal motors with asymmetric geometry for photodynamic-regulated propulsion in the liquid. The asymmetrical presence of the SCP phases within the colloidal motors would lead to significant differences in the 3O2-to-1O2 transformation and 1O2 release manners between asymmetrical polymer phases, spontaneously creating asymmetrical osmotic pressure gradients across the nanoparticles for powering the self-propelled motion under photodynamic regulation. This photoactivated energy-converting behavior can be also combined with the photothermal conversion of the SCP phases to create two energy gradients exerting diffusiophoretic/thermophoretic force on the colloidal motors for achieving multimode synergistic propulsion. This unique motile feature endows the light-driven PS nanocarriers with good permeability against various physiological barriers in the tumor microenvironment for enhancing antitumor efficacy, showing great potential in phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoxia He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xie Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhiqing Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huiyan Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ao Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jianchun Xie
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xibo Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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2
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Liang J, Ouyang X, Cao Y. Interfacial and confined molecular-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and its application in organic electronic devices. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:619-632. [PMID: 36212681 PMCID: PMC9542436 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a typical conducting polymer widely used in organic thin-film transistors, polymer solar cells, etc., due to good processability and remarkable charging carrier and hole mobility. It is known that the ordered structure assembled by π-conjugated P3HT chains could promote the performance of electronic devices. Interfacial and confined molecular-assembly is one effective way to generate an ordered structure by tuning surface geometry and substrate interaction. Great efforts have been made to investigate the molecular chain assembly of P3HT on a curved surface that is confined to different geometry. In this report, we review the recent advances of the interfacial chain assembly of P3HT in a flat or curved confined space and its application to organic electronic devices. In principle, this interfacial assembly of P3HT at a nanoscale could improve the electronic properties, such as the current transport, power conversion efficiency, etc. Therefore, this review on interfacial and confined assembly of P3HT could give general implications for designing high-performance organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Liang
- Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Ouyang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, China
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3
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Han JF, Guo P, Ye KY, Chen L. Cobalt-Catalyzed Glaser-type Homocoupling Reaction. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1711-6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA highly efficient cobalt-catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as the oxidant has been developed. The protocol tolerates a wide array of terminal alkynes, both activated and unactivated alkynes, to afford the corresponding conjugated 1,3-diynes. The mild reaction conditions further allow late-stage homocoupling of alkynes derived from complex natural products.
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4
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Ide Y, Manabe Y, Inaba Y, Kinoshita Y, Pirillo J, Hijikata Y, Yoneda T, Shivakumar KI, Tanaka S, Asakawa H, Inokuma Y. Determination of the critical chain length for macromolecular crystallization using structurally flexible polyketones. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9848-9854. [PMID: 36199636 PMCID: PMC9434099 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical chain length that divides small molecular crystallization from macromolecular crystallization is an important index in macro-organic chemistry to predict chain-length dependent properties of oligomers and polymers. However, extensive researches...
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ide
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yumehiro Manabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kilingaru I Shivakumar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Saki Tanaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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5
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Kuhlmann JE, Liu SSY, Dirnberger K, Zharnikov M, Ludwigs S. Electrochemical Characterization of Redox Probes Confined in 3D Conducting Polymer Networks. Chemistry 2021; 27:17255-17263. [PMID: 34820924 PMCID: PMC9298994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we present a versatile platform for introducing functional redox species into tailor‐made 3D redox polymer networks. Electrochemical characterization based on cyclic voltammetry is applied to verify the immobilization of the redox species within the conducting networks. Ultimately this strategy shall be extended to (photo)electrocatalytic applications which will profit from the conducting polymer matrix. Soluble precursor copolymers are synthesized via radical copolymerization of vinyltriphenylamine (VTPA) with chloromethylstyrene (CMS) in different ratios, whereas CMS is subsequently converted into azidomethylstyrene (AMS) to yield poly(VTPA‐co‐AMS) copolymers. Spin‐coating of poly(VTPA‐co‐AMS) on gold electrodes yields thin films which are converted into stable polymer network structures by electrochemical crosslinking of the polymer chains via their pendant triphenylamine groups to yield N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) crosslinking points. Finally, the resulting redox‐active, TPB‐crosslinked films are functionalized with ethynylferrocene (EFc) as a representative redox probe using a click reaction. Main experimental tools are polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry. Especially the latter proves the successful conversion and the immobilization of redox probes in the polymer matrix. The results are compared with the reference system of azide‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers on gold substrates, allowing to distinguish between free and immobilized EFc species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen E Kuhlmann
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sherri S Y Liu
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Dirnberger
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Zhang C, Yang T, Yin HJ, Gao LH, Wang KZ. Electrodeposited thiophene-containing organic small molecule-modified ITO electrode with highly efficient photoelectric conversion and photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Rothe C, Neusser D, Hoppe N, Dirnberger K, Vogel W, Gámez-Valenzuela S, López Navarrete JT, Villacampa B, Berroth M, Ruiz Delgado MC, Ludwigs S. Push-pull thiophene chromophores for electro-optic applications: from 1D linear to β-branched structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2283-2294. [PMID: 31922173 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of push-pull chromophores bearing 1D linear and β-branched thiophenes as π-conjugated spacers between a 2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline electron donor unit and dicyano- and tricyanovinylene electron acceptor groups. The effect of the introduction of β-thiophenes on the linear and nonlinear (NLO) optical properties as well as electrochemical and thermal data is studied in detail by performing a comparative study between the branched and 1D linear systems. In addition, a parallel DFT computational study is used to evaluate structure-property relationships. The non-linear optical behavior of the molecules both in solution and in solid state as electro-optic (EO) films using a guest-host approach shows very promising performance for electro-optic applications with high molecular first hyperpolarizabilities (μβ) of 4840 × 10-48 esu and electro-optic coefficients r33 reaching 650 pm V-1. One highlight is that the electro-optic films of the β-branched chromophores are superior in terms of thermal stability in device operation as measured by a transmissive modified reflective Teng-Man method. This work provides guidelines for the design of improved electro-optic materials including β-branched chromophores which could be useful for practical EO applications, where both enhanced β and r33 values together with chemical and thermal stability are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rothe
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - David Neusser
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Niklas Hoppe
- Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Dirnberger
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Vogel
- Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Belén Villacampa
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manfred Berroth
- Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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8
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Swaroop TR, Tabasi ZA, Zhao Y, Georghiou PE. New Aryl-Substituted 2,2′-Bithiophenes: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties and DFT Studies. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toreshettahally R. Swaroop
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry; University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka; India - 570 006
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
| | - Zahra A. Tabasi
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
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9
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Suresh VM, Scherf U. Electrochemically Generated Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network Thin Films for Chemical Sensor Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata M. Suresh
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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10
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Ahn SK, Nam J, Zhu J, Lee E, Michael Kilbey S. Solution self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene)–poly(lactide) brush copolymers: impact of side chain arrangement. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00627j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solution self-assembly of P3HT-containing copolymers was tailored effectively via bottlebrush architecture, particularly by tuning its side chain arrangement as well as copolymer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-kyun Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Nam
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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11
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Gross YM, Trefz D, Tkachov R, Untilova V, Brinkmann M, Schulz GL, Ludwigs S. Tuning Aggregation by Regioregularity for High-Performance n-Type P(NDI2OD-T2) Donor–Acceptor Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannic M. Gross
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Trefz
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Tkachov
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gisela L. Schulz
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Song M, Seo J, Kim H, Kim Y. Ultrasensitive Multi-Functional Flexible Sensors Based on Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Sensing Layers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2630. [PMID: 28572567 PMCID: PMC5453975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasensitive flexible sensors with multi-sensing functions are required for various applications in flexible electronics era. Here we demonstrate flexible polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)-integrated-organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) (PDLC-i-OFETs), which sensitively respond to various stimulations including weak gas (air) flow, direct physical touch, light, and heat. The flexible PDLC-i-OFETs were fabricated by spin-coating the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-dispersed 4,4'-pentyl-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) layers on the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) channel layers of OFETs with 200 μm-thick poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) substrates. The flexible PDLC-i-OFET devices could sense very weak nitrogen gas flow (0.3 sccm), which cannot be felt by human skins, and stably responded to direct physical touches (0.6~4.8 g load). In addition, the present devices showed very sensitive photoresponses to a visible light and exhibited excellent heat-sensing characteristics at a temperature of 25~70 °C. In particular, the present flexible PDLC-i-OFET devices could sense two different stimulations at the same time, indicative of promising multi-sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonghun Song
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeok Seo
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajeong Kim
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Priority Research Center, Research Institute of Advanced Energy Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngkyoo Kim
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ahn SK, Carrillo JMY, Keum JK, Chen J, Uhrig D, Lokitz BS, Sumpter BG, Michael Kilbey S. Nanoporous poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin film structures from self-organization of a tunable molecular bottlebrush scaffold. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7071-7080. [PMID: 28422265 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to widely tune the design of macromolecular bottlebrushes provides access to self-assembled nanostructures formed by microphase segregation in melt, thin film and solution that depart from structures adopted by simple linear copolymers. A series of random bottlebrush copolymers containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) side chains grafted on a poly(norbornene) backbone were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using the grafting through approach. P3HT side chains induce a physical aggregation of the bottlebrush copolymers upon solvent removal by vacuum drying, primarily driven by attractive π-π interactions; however, the amount of aggregation can be controlled by adjusting side chain composition or by adding linear P3HT chains to the bottlebrush copolymers. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that linear P3HT chains preferentially associate with P3HT side chains of bottlebrush copolymers, which tends to reduce the aggregation. The nanoscale morphology of microphase segregated thin films created by casting P3HT-PLA random bottlebrush copolymers is highly dependent on the composition of P3HT and PLA side chains, while domain spacing of nanostructures is mainly determined by the length of the side chains. The selective removal of PLA side chains under alkaline conditions generates nanoporous P3HT structures that can be tuned by manipulating molecular design of the bottlebrush scaffold, which is affected by molecular weight and grafting density of the side chains, and their sequence. The ability to exploit the unusual architecture of bottlebrushes to fabricate tunable nanoporous P3HT thin film structures may be a useful way to design templates for optoelectronic applications or membranes for separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Kyun Ahn
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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14
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Oliveira EF, Lavarda FC. Design of diblock co-oligomers as low bandgap small molecules for organic solar cells. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1321759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Fernando Oliveira
- POSMAT – Graduate Program in Material Science and Technology, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Lavarda
- POSMAT – Graduate Program in Material Science and Technology, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brazil
- DF-FC, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brazil
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15
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Gao W, Luo Q, Wang J, Lin Y, Tang C, Dou J, Tan H, Zheng Q, Ma CQ, Cui Z. Peripherally diketopyrrolopyrrole-functionalized dendritic oligothiophenes – synthesis, molecular structure, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Structure defined DPP functionalized conjugated thiophene dendrimers with a narrow optical band gap and a high TPA cross section are reported.
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16
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Gao W, Wang J, Luo Q, Lin Y, Ma Y, Dou J, Tan H, Ma CQ, Cui Z. Tuning the optical and electrochemical properties of conjugated all-thiophene dendrimers via core functionalization with a benzothiadiazole unit. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of conjugated thiophene dendrimers can be tuned by core functionalization with a benzothiadiazole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Junkai Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Junyan Dou
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- PR China
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17
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Liang Y, Strohecker D, Lynch V, Holliday BJ, Jones RA. A Thiophene-Containing Conductive Metallopolymer Using an Fe(II) Bis(terpyridine) Core for Electrochromic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34568-34580. [PMID: 27936553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three Fe(II) bis(terpyridine)-based complexes with thiophene (Fe(L1)2), bithiophene (Fe(L2)2), and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (Fe(L3)2) side chains were designed and synthesized for the purpose of providing two terminal active sites for electrochemical polymerization. The corresponding metallopolymers (poly-Fe(Ln)2, n = 2 or 3) were synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates via oxidative electropolymerization of the thiophene-substituted monomers and characterized using electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The film poly-Fe(L2)2 was further studied for electrochromic (EC) color-switching properties and fabricated into a solid-state EC device. Poly-Fe(L2)2 films exhibit an intense MLCT absorption band at 596 nm (ε = 4.7 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in the UV-vis spectra without any applied voltage. Upon application of low potentials (between 1.1 and 0.4 V vs Fc+/Fc), the obtained electropolymerized film exhibited great contrast with a change of transmittance percentage (ΔT%) of 40% and a high coloration efficiency of 3823 cm2 C-1 with a switching time of 1 s. The film demonstrates commonplace stability and reversibility with a 10% loss in peak current intensity after 200 cyclic voltammetry cycles and almost no loss in change of transmittance (ΔT%) after 900 potential switches between 1.1 and 0.4 V (vs Fc+/Fc) with a time interval of 0.75 s. The electropolymerization of Fe(L2)2 provides convenient and controllable film fabrication. Electrochromic behavior was also achieved in a solid-state device composed of a poly-Fe(L2)2 film and a polymer-supported electrolyte sandwiched between two ITO-coated glass electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Daniel Strohecker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | | | - Richard A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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18
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Steverlynck J, Monnaie F, Warniez E, Lazzaroni R, Leclère P, Koeckelberghs G. Strategies toward Controlling the Topology of Nonlinear Poly(thiophenes). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Steverlynck
- Laboratory for Polymer
Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Frederic Monnaie
- Laboratory for Polymer
Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Emeline Warniez
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer
Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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19
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Sanji T, Kakinuma J, Iyoda T. Synthesis of Multiarmed Thienylene–Tetrafluorophenylene Alternating Copolymers under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Sanji
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junko Kakinuma
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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20
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Palma-Cando A, Scherf U. Electrochemically Generated Thin Films of Microporous Polymer Networks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palma-Cando
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 D-42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 D-42119 Wuppertal Germany
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21
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Brzeczek A, Piwowar K, Domagala W, Mikołajczyk MM, Walczak K, Wagner P. Systematic elongation of thienyl linkers and their effect on optical and electrochemical properties in carbazole–BODIPY donor–acceptor systems. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04984b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis, spectral and electrochemical properties of a series of new panchromatic BODIPY donor–acceptor–donor derivatives, comprising carbazole conjugated with systematically elongated framework by thiophene – based linkers were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Brzeczek
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
| | - Katarzyna Piwowar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
| | - Wojciech Domagala
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Mikołaj M. Mikołajczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
- Wrocław University of Technology
| | - Krzysztof Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
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22
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Watanabe H, Hirose M, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Color tuning of alternating conjugated polymers composed of pentaazaphenalene by modulating their unique electronic structures involving isolated-LUMOs. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00685j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pentaazaphenalene-containing polymers with unique conjugated systems were synthesized. Various colors can be observed from the polymer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Masataka Hirose
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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23
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Scheuble M, Gross YM, Trefz D, Brinkmann M, López Navarrete JT, Ruiz Delgado MC, Ludwigs S. Polythiophenes with Thiophene Side Chain Extensions: Convergent Syntheses and Investigation of Mesoscopic Order. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Scheuble
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Y. M. Gross
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D. Trefz
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - J. T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - M. C. Ruiz Delgado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - S. Ludwigs
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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24
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Progress in side-chain thiophene-containing polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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García-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez AM, Prieto P, Andreu R, Merino S, Rodríguez-López J. Swivel-Cruciform Stilbenes Based on Bithiophene. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Chen L, Wang K, Mahmoud SM, Li Y, Huang H, Huang W, Xu J, Dun C, Carroll D, Pietrangelo A. Effects of replacing thiophene with 5,5-dimethylcyclopentadiene in alternating poly(phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), and poly(fluorene) copolymer derivatives. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Replacing alternating thiophene repeat units with 5,5-dimethylcyclopentadiene alternatives influences the physicochemical properties of π-conjugated copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - K. Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - S. M. Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - Y. Li
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - H. Huang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - W. Huang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - J. Xu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - C. Dun
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - D. Carroll
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - A. Pietrangelo
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
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