1
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Liao C, Li T, Chen F, Yan S, Zhu L, Tang H, Wang D. Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed polyacrylamide gels: monitoring their polymerization with BSA-stabilized gold nanoclusters and their functional validation in electrophoresis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2182-2191. [PMID: 38213962 PMCID: PMC10777359 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel (PAG) is extensively used as a matrix for biomolecular analysis and fractionation. However, the traditional polymerization catalyst system N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED)/ammonium persulphate (APS) of PAG presents non-negligible toxicity. Herein, we utilized the green and efficient bio-enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the gel polymerization of polyacrylamide. At the same time, the efficacy of this gel system in separating nucleic acids and proteins was confirmed by applying the gel system in electrophoresis. This study aims to explore a higher biosafety polyacrylamide gel polymerization catalytic system which can be applied to electrophoresis technology. Furthermore, in order to differentiate between the bio-enzymatic catalytic system and the traditional toxic catalytic system during polymerization, aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) of bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA-Au NCs) was used to monitor the polymerization reaction of the system. The results indicated that the fluorescence intensity of the polymeric system containing BSA-Au NCs increased with the polymerization of the monomers. Subsequently, we assessed whether certain components of nucleic acid electrophoresis and protein electrophoresis such as sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS) and TBE buffer (Tris-boric acid, EDTA, pH 8.3) would affect the polymerization of the polyacrylamide gels catalyzed by the biological enzymes. The experimental conditions were also optimized to explore the optimal concentration of the ternary system of HRP, H2O2 and ACAC. Our results suggested that the bioenzyme-catalyzed system could be a feasible alternative to the TEMED/APS-catalyzed system, which also could provide new insights into the methods of monitoring the polymerization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Fengjiao Chen
- Guangshan County People's Hospital Xinyang 465450 China
| | - Shaoying Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330000 China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Dan Wang
- Post-Doctoral Research Center, The People's Hospital of Rongchang District Chongqing 402460 China
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2
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Belluati A, Happel D, Erbe M, Kirchner N, Szelwicka A, Bloch A, Berner V, Christmann A, Hertel B, Pardehkhorram R, Reyhani A, Kolmar H, Bruns N. Self-decorating cells via surface-initiated enzymatic controlled radical polymerization. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19486-19492. [PMID: 38051112 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Through the innovative use of surface-displayed horseradish peroxidase, this work explores the enzymatic catalysis of both bioRAFT polymerization and bioATRP to prompt polymer synthesis on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, with bioATRP outperforming bioRAFT polymerization. The resulting surface modification of living yeast cells with synthetic polymers allows for a significant change in yeast phenotype, including growth profile, aggregation characteristics, and conjugation of non-native enzymes to the clickable polymers on the cell surface, opening new avenues in bioorthogonal cell-surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Belluati
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glashow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Dominic Happel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Malte Erbe
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Nicole Kirchner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Anna Szelwicka
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Adrian Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Valeria Berner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Andreas Christmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Hertel
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glashow G1 1XL, UK
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3
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Deng Y, Li C, Fan J, Guo X. Photo Fenton RAFT Polymerization of (Meth)Acrylates in DMSO Sensitized by Methylene Blue. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300258. [PMID: 37496370 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel open-to-air photo RAFT polymerization of a series of acrylate and methacrylate monomers mediated by matching chain transfer agent irradiated by far-red light in DMSO is reported. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) generated from methylene blue (MB) sensitized decomposition of H2 O2 via photo-Fenton like-reaction is used for polymerization initiation. The "living/control" characteristic is evidenced by kinetic study, in which a pseudo first order curve and linearly increases of molecular weight with the increase of monomer conversion are observed. The living end-group fidelity is characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS and 1 H NMR results, and confirmed by successful chain extension. The temporary controllability is proved by light on/off switch experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Deng
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Cuiting Li
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiangtao Fan
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xie Guo
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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4
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Guo C, Chadwick RJ, Foulis A, Bedendi G, Lubskyy A, Rodriguez KJ, Pellizzoni MM, Milton RD, Beveridge R, Bruns N. Peroxidase Activity of Myoglobin Variants Reconstituted with Artificial Cofactors. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200197. [PMID: 35816250 PMCID: PMC9545363 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) can react with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to form a highly active intermediate compound and catalyse oxidation reactions. To enhance this activity, known as pseudo-peroxidase activity, previous studies have focused on the modification of key amino acid residues of Mb or the heme cofactor. In this work, the Mb scaffold (apo-Mb) was systematically reconstituted with a set of cofactors based on six metal ions and two ligands. These Mb variants were fully characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and native mass spectrometry (nMS). The steady-state kinetics of guaiacol oxidation and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) dehalogenation catalysed by Mb variants were determined. Mb variants with iron chlorin e6 (Fe-Ce6) and manganese chlorin e6 (Mn-Ce6) cofactors were found to have improved catalytic efficiency for both guaiacol and TCP substrates in comparison with wild-type Mb, i. e. Fe-protoporphyrin IX-Mb. Furthermore, the selected cofactors were incorporated into the scaffold of a Mb mutant, swMb H64D. Enhanced peroxidase activity for both substrates were found via the reconstitution of Fe-Ce6 into the mutant scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetG1 1XLGlasgowUK
| | - Robert J. Chadwick
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetG1 1XLGlasgowUK
| | - Adam Foulis
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetG1 1XLGlasgowUK
| | - Giada Bedendi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Geneva1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Andriy Lubskyy
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Kyle J. Rodriguez
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Michela M. Pellizzoni
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Geneva1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetG1 1XLGlasgowUK
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetG1 1XLGlasgowUK,Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
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6
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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7
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Yuan B, Huang T, Lv X, Jiang L, Sun X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Bioenhanced Rapid Redox Initiation for RAFT Polymerization in the Air. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200218. [PMID: 35751146 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A well-controlled bioenhanced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in the presence of air is carried out by using glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, ascorbic acid (Asc acid), and ppm level of hemin. The catalytic concentration of hemin is employed to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )/Asc acid redox initiation, achieving rapid RAFT polymerization. Narrow molecular weight distributions and high monomer conversion (Ð as low as 1.09 at >95% conversion) are achieved within tens of minutes. Several kinds of monomers are used to verify the universal implication of the presented method. The influences of the pH and feed ratio of each component on the polymerization rate are assessed. Besides, a polymerization rate regulation is realized by managing Asc acid addition. This work significantly increases the rate of redox-initiated GOx-deoxygen RAFT polymerization by using simple and green reactants, facilitating the application of RAFT polymerization in areas such as biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lv
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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8
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An Z, Li R, Kong W. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng An
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weina Kong
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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9
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Luo X, Zhang K, Zeng R, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Segmented Copolymers Synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization Using an Asymmetric Difunctional RAFT Agent and the Utilization in RAFT-Mediated Dispersion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kunlun Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiming Zeng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Ishaqat A, Herrmann A. Polymers Strive for Accuracy: From Sequence-Defined Polymers to mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19 and Polymers in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20529-20545. [PMID: 34841867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Unquestionably, polymers have influenced the world over the past 100 years. They are now more crucial than ever since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The pandemic paved the way for certain polymers to be in the spotlight, namely sequence-defined polymers such as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which was the first type of vaccine to be authorized in the U.S. and Europe to protect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This rise of mRNA will probably influence scientific research concerning nucleic acids in general and RNA therapeutics in specific. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent trends in sequence-controlled and sequence-defined polymers. Then we discuss mRNA vaccines as an example to illustrate the need of ultimate sequence control to achieve complex functions such as specific activation of the immune system. We briefly present how mRNA vaccines are produced, the importance of modified nucleotides, the characteristic features, and the advantages and challenges associated with this class of vaccines. Finally, we discuss the chances and opportunities for polymer chemistry to provide solutions and contribute to the future progress of RNA-based therapeutics. We highlight two particular roles of polymers in this context. One represents conjugation of polymers to nucleic acids to form biohybrids. The other is concerned with advanced polymer-based carrier systems for nucleic acids. We believe that polymers can help to address present problems of RNA-based therapeutic technologies and impact the field beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ishaqat
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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11
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Synthesis of block copolymers used in polymersome fabrication: Application in drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 341:95-117. [PMID: 34774891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are common materials used for the fabrication of various nanostructures with biomedical applications including nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles and polymeric vesicles. According to the literature, polymersomes have several advantages compared to other nanostructures used as drug delivery systems comprising better stability, facile synthesis, prolonged circulation time, and passive/active targeting capability. Various types of nanoparticles are formed by varying the ratio of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic blocks. Changing hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio of amphiphilic block copolymers has an impact on the structural characteristics of polymers such as changing molecular weight and surface functionalization of the block copolymer. Thus, polymerization strategies are an important factor that influences polymersomes quality. In this review, different polymerization strategies for the synthesis of block copolymers applied in polymersomes formation, are described.
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12
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Yuan B, Huang T, Wang X, Ding Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Tang J. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Catalyzed by a Recyclable Biomimetic Mineralization Enhanced Biological Cascade System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100559. [PMID: 34713523 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme cascade system including glucose oxidase (GOx) and iron porphyrin (DhHP-6) is encapsulated in a metal-organic framework called zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) through one-step facile synthesis. The composite (GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8) is then used to initiate oxygen-tolerant reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for different methacrylate monomers, such as 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (Mn = 500 g mol-1 ). The composite shows the robustness toward solvent and temperatures, all polymerizations using above monomers and catalyzing by GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8 exhibits high monomer conversion (>85%) and narrow molar mass dispersity (<1.3). Besides, acrylic and acrylamide monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide are also carried to demonstrate the broad applicability. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance characterization and chain extension experiments confirm the retaining end groups of the resultant polymers, which is a significant feature of living polymerization. More importantly, the process of recycling the composite through a centrifuge is simplistic, and the composite still maintains similar activity compared to the original composites after five times. This low-cost and easily separated composite catalyst represents a versatile strategy to synthesize well-defined functional polymers suitable for industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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13
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Yang H, Lu Z, Fu X, Li Q, Xiao L, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Hou L. Multipath oxygen-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization by a conjugated organic polymer photocatalyst under red LED irradiation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TCPP-DMTA-COP has been synthesized and serves as a heterogeneous photocatalyst in a multipath aerobic-mediated reductive quenching pathway (O-RQP) for a PET-RAFT polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Li
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Rukai Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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14
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Bao X, Dong F, Yu Y, Wang Q, Wang P, Fan X, Yuan J. Green modification of cellulose-based natural materials by HRP-initiated controlled “graft from” polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1237-1245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Nothling MD, Fu Q, Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Jung K, Zhu J, Kamigaito M, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001656. [PMID: 33101866 PMCID: PMC7578854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced materials based on well-defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unprecedented attention, with reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures now routinely leveraged to prepare exquisitely precise polymer products. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful protocol within this domain, where the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds can be harnessed to control radical chain growth of vinyl polymers. With the intense recent focus on RAFT, new strategies for initiation and external control have emerged that are paving the way for preparing well-defined polymers for demanding applications. In this work, the cutting-edge innovations in RAFT that are opening up this technique to a broader suite of materials researchers are explored. Emerging strategies for activating TCTs are surveyed, which are providing access into traditionally challenging environments for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers are also shared, with the goal to convey the rich potential of RAFT for an ever-expanding range of high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment (CTWW)School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Material ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8603Japan
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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17
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Graft modification of lignin-based cellulose via enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and free-radical coupling. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:267-278. [PMID: 31843604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a green approach combining enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and free-radical coupling was developed for the modification of jute fiber, which is a typical lignin-based cellulose. Jute fiber surface was covered by rich amount of lignin, which offered great opportunities for further functional modification. The controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers, acrylamide (AM) or butyl acrylate (BA), was carried out by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-initiated RAFT to form well-defined polymers with well-controlled molecular weights and structures. Enzymatic grafting by HRP occurred between the free radicals of well-defined polymers and free radicals of lignin on jute. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis indicated the alkyl chain length of polymers prepared via HRP-initiated RAFT polymerization was well-controlled. Other results of flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that well-controlled alkyl chains prepared via enzymatic catalysis were grafted on the exposed lignin of jute. The study explores a new and eco-friendly modification method for lignin-based materials with the controlled graft chain structure via two different catalysis with HRP.
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18
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Wang W, Fan X, Wang Q, Xu J, Wang L, Liu L, Bao X. Can the HRP–ACAC binary system initiate acrylamide polymerisation? NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes for the first time that the polymerization of vinyl monomers was initiated by the HRP/ACAC binary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Xueming Bao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
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19
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Rodriguez KJ, Pellizzoni MM, Divandari M, Benetti EM, Bruns N. Biocatalytic ATRP in solution and on surfaces. Methods Enzymol 2019; 627:263-290. [PMID: 31630744 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The promiscuity of enzymes allows for their implementation as catalysts for non-native chemical transformations. Utilizing the redox activity of metalloenzymes under activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP conditions, well-controlled and defined polymers can be generated. In this chapter, we review bioATRP in solution and on surfaces and provide experimental protocols for hemoglobin-catalyzed ATRP and for surface-initiated biocatalytic ATRP. This chapter highlights the polymerization of acrylate and acrylamide monomers and provides detailed experimental protocols for the characterization of the polymers and of the polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Rodriguez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Mohammad Divandari
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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20
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Penfold NJW, Yeow J, Boyer C, Armes SP. Emerging Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1029-1054. [PMID: 35619484 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for the rational synthesis of block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies. Much of the PISA literature has been based on thermally initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, we pay particular attention to alternative PISA protocols, which allow the preparation of nanoparticles with improved control over copolymer morphology and functionality. For example, initiation based on visible light, redox chemistry, or enzymes enables the incorporation of sensitive monomers and fragile biomolecules into block copolymer nanoparticles. Furthermore, PISA syntheses and postfunctionalization of the resulting nanoparticles (e.g., cross-linking) can be conducted sequentially without intermediate purification by using various external stimuli. Finally, PISA formulations have been optimized via high-throughput polymerization and recently evaluated within flow reactors for facile scale-up syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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21
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Zhou F, Li R, Wang X, Du S, An Z. Non‐natural Photoenzymatic Controlled Radical Polymerization Inspired by DNA Photolyase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9479-9484. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Simin Du
- Qianweichang CollegeShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
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22
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Fenton‐Chemistry‐Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900220. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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23
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Zhou F, Li R, Wang X, Du S, An Z. Non‐natural Photoenzymatic Controlled Radical Polymerization Inspired by DNA Photolyase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Simin Du
- Qianweichang CollegeShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologyCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
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24
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Wang X, An Z. Enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization: Precision polymer synthesis via enzymatic catalysis. Methods Enzymol 2019; 627:291-319. [PMID: 31630745 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization provides a sustainable strategy for efficient production of well-defined polymers under mild conditions. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a heme-containing metalloenzyme, catalyzes oxidation of acetylacetone (ACAC) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate ACAC radicals, initiating polymerization of vinyl monomers. This HRP/H2O2/ACAC ternary initiating system is applied to RAFT polymerization of different types of vinyl monomers. Furthermore, to overcome the inherent limitation of necessity for oxygen-free conditions, another enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOx) or pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox), with excellent deoxygenation capability, is introduced to consume oxygen by catalyzing oxidation of glucose to generate H2O2. The generated H2O2 is directly supplied to HRP catalysis for radical generation. Both GOx-HRP and P2Ox-HRP cascade catalysis afford RAFT polymerization with oxygen tolerance. In this chapter, we mainly focus on detailed synthetic protocols of RAFT polymerizations initiated by HRP/H2O2/ACAC ternary initiating system and P2Ox-HRP cascade catalysis. The general characterization and analytical methods used in these enzyme-initiated RAFT polymerizations are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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25
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Nguyen HD, Liu HY, Hudson BN, Lin CC. Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Dynamic Thiol-Norbornene Click Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1247-1256. [PMID: 33304998 PMCID: PMC7725231 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated in situ forming hydrogels are attractive for many biomedical applications because gelation afforded by the enzymatic reactions can be readily controlled not only by tuning macromer compositions, but also by adjusting enzyme kinetics. For example, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used extensively for in situ crosslinking of macromers containing hydroxyl-phenol groups. The use of HRP on initiating thiol-allylether polymerization has also been reported, yet no prior study has demonstrated enzymatic initiation of thiol-norbornene gelation. In this study, we discovered that HRP can generate thiyl radicals needed for initiating thiol-norbornene hydrogelation, which has only been demonstrated previously using photopolymerization. Enzymatic thiol-norbornene gelation not only overcomes light attenuation issue commonly observed in photopolymerized hydrogels, but also preserves modularity of the crosslinking. In particular, we prepared modular hydrogels from two sets of norbornene-modified macromers, 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-norbornene (PEG8NB) and gelatin-norbornene (GelNB). Bis-cysteine-containing peptides or PEG-tetra-thiol (PEG4SH) were used as crosslinkers for forming enzymatically and orthogonally polymerized hydrogels. For HRP-initiated PEG-peptide hydrogel crosslinking, gelation efficiency was significantly improved via adding tyrosine residues on the peptide crosslinkers. Interestingly, these additional tyrosine residues did not form permanent dityrosine crosslinks following HRP-induced gelation. As a result, they remained available for tyrosinase-mediated secondary crosslinking, which dynamically increases hydrogel stiffness. In addition to material characterizations, we also found that both PEG- and gelatin-based hydrogels provide excellent cytocompatibility for dynamic 3D cell culture. The enzymatic thiol-norbornene gelation scheme presented here offers a new crosslinking mechanism for preparing modularly and dynamically crosslinked hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hung-Yi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Britney N. Hudson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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26
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Redox-Initiated Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization initiated by a radical-forming redox reaction between a reducing and an oxidizing agent (i.e. ‘redox RAFT’) represents a simple, versatile, and highly useful platform for controlled polymer synthesis. Herein, the potency of a wide range of redox initiation systems including enzyme-mediated redox reactions, the Fenton reaction, peroxide-based reactions, and metal-catalyzed redox reactions, and their application in initiating RAFT polymerization, are reviewed. These redox-RAFT polymerization methods have been widely studied for synthesizing a broad range of homo- and co-polymers with tailored molecular weights, compositions, and (macro)molecular structures. It has been demonstrated that redox-RAFT polymerization holds particular promise due to its excellent performance under mild conditions, typically operating at room temperature. Redox-RAFT polymerization is therefore an important and core part of the RAFT methodology handbook and may be of particular importance going forward for the fabrication of polymeric biomaterials under biologically relevant conditions or in biological systems, in which naturally occurring redox reactions are prevalent.
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27
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Wang W, Yu Y, Wang P, Wang Q, Li Y, Yuan J, Fan X. Controlled graft polymerization on the surface of filter paper via enzyme-initiated RAFT polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:239-245. [PMID: 30600005 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on eco-friendly graft polymerization approach for the modification of a cellulosic material via combination between enzymatic catalysis and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Polyacrylamide (PAM) was polymerized on a cellulosic filter paper via horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-initiated RAFT polymerization. The results of grafting ratio, conversion, and pseudo-first-order kinetics were proved that the PAM graft polymerization on the filter paper followed RAFT rules. The results of Attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR), elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of PAM in PAM-grafted filter paper. The results of water contact angle and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) evidenced the change in the wetting properties and thermal performance, respectively of the treated filter paper. This work provides a new environmentally approach to graft polymerization on cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiugang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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28
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Enciso AE, Fu L, Lathwal S, Olszewski M, Wang Z, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Biocatalytic “Oxygen‐Fueled” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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29
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Enciso AE, Fu L, Lathwal S, Olszewski M, Wang Z, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Biocatalytic "Oxygen-Fueled" Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16157-16161. [PMID: 30329207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) can be carried out in a flask completely open to air using a biocatalytic system composed of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with an active copper catalyst complex. Nanomolar concentrations of the enzymes and ppm amounts of Cu provided excellent control over the polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500 ), generating polymers with high molecular weight (Mn >70 000) and low dispersities (1.13≤Đ≤1.27) in less than an hour. The continuous oxygen supply was necessary for the generation of radicals and polymer chain growth as demonstrated by temporal control and by inducing hypoxic conditions. In addition, the enzymatic cascade polymerization triggered by oxygen was used for a protein and DNA functionalized with initiators to form protein-b-POEOMA and DNA-b-POEOMA bioconjugates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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30
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Rodriguez KJ, Gajewska B, Pollard J, Pellizzoni MM, Fodor C, Bruns N. Repurposing Biocatalysts to Control Radical Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1111-1119. [PMID: 35632946 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (controlled radical polymerizations) have revolutionized and revitalized the field of polymer synthesis. While enzymes and other biologically derived catalysts have long been known to initiate free radical polymerizations, the ability of peroxidases, hemoglobin, laccases, enzyme-mimetics, chlorophylls, heme, red blood cells, bacteria, and other biocatalysts to control or initiate reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations has only been described recently. Here, the scope of biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerizations (bioATRP), enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerizations (bioRAFT), biocatalytic organometallic-mediated radical polymerizations (bioOMRP), and biocatalytic reversible complexation mediated polymerizations (bioRCMP) is critically reviewed, and the potential of these reactions for the environmentally friendly synthesis of precision polymers, for the preparation of functional nanostructures, for the modification of surfaces, and for biosensing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Rodriguez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bernadetta Gajewska
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michela M. Pellizzoni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Fodor
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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31
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A Critical Survey of Dithiocarbamate Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents in Radical Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Sims MB, Lessard JJ, Bai L, Sumerlin BS. Functional Diversification of Polymethacrylates by Dynamic β-Ketoester Modification. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Sims
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jacob J. Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lian Bai
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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33
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Wang X, Shen L, An Z. Dispersion polymerization in environmentally benign solvents via reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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34
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Reyhani A, Nothling MD, Ranji‐Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Tan S, Bryant G, Qiao GG. Blood‐Catalyzed RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mitchell D. Nothling
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji‐Burachaloo
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Department of Physics RMIT Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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35
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Reyhani A, Nothling MD, Ranji-Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Tan S, Bryant G, Qiao GG. Blood-Catalyzed RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10288-10292. [PMID: 29920886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of hemoglobin (Hb) contained within red blood cells to drive a controlled radical polymerization via a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process is reported for the first time. No pre-treatment of the Hb or cells was required prior to their use as polymerization catalysts, indicating the potential for synthetic engineering in complex biological microenvironments without the need for ex vivo techniques. Owing to the naturally occurring prevalence of the reagents employed in the catalytic system (Hb and hydrogen peroxide), this approach may facilitate the development of new strategies for in vivo cell engineering with synthetic macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mitchell D Nothling
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Department of Physics, RMIT, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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36
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Danielson AP, Van-Kuren DB, Bornstein JP, Kozuszek CT, Berberich JA, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Investigating the Mechanism of Horseradish Peroxidase as a RAFT-Initiase. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E741. [PMID: 30960666 PMCID: PMC6403633 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic and kinetic study of enzymatically initiated RAFT polymerization is performed by combining enzymatic assays and polymerization kinetics analysis. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) initiated RAFT polymerization of dimethylacrylamide (DMAm) was studied. This polymerization was controlled by 2-(propionic acid)ylethyl trithiocarbonate (PAETC) in the presence of H₂O₂ as a substrate and acetylacetone (ACAC) as a mediator. In general, well controlled polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and good agreement between theoretical and measured molecular weights are consistently obtained by this method. Kinetic and enzymatic assay analyses show that HRP loading accelerates the reaction, with a critical concentration of ACAC needed to effectively generate polymerization initiating radicals. The PAETC RAFT agent is required to control the reaction, although the RAFT agent also has an inhibitory effect on enzymatic performance and polymerization. Interestingly, although H₂O₂ is the substrate for HRP there is an optimal concentration near 1 mM, under the conditions studies, with higher or lower concentrations leading to lower polymerization rates and poorer enzymatic activity. This is explained through a competition between the H₂O₂ acting as a substrate, but also an inhibitor of HRP at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Dylan Bailey Van-Kuren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Joshua P Bornstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Caleb T Kozuszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Jason A Berberich
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering Miami University 650 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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37
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Yeow J, Chapman R, Gormley AJ, Boyer C. Up in the air: oxygen tolerance in controlled/living radical polymerisation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4357-4387. [PMID: 29718038 PMCID: PMC9857479 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The requirement for deoxygenation in controlled/living radical polymerisation (CLRP) places significant limitations on its widespread implementation by necessitating the use of large reaction volumes, sealed reaction vessels as well as requiring access to specialised equipment such as a glove box and/or inert gas source. As a result, in recent years there has been intense interest in developing strategies for overcoming the effects of oxygen inhibition in CLRP and therefore remove the necessity for deoxygenation. In this review, we highlight several strategies for achieving oxygen tolerant CLRP including: "polymerising through" oxygen, enzyme mediated deoxygenation and the continuous regeneration of a redox-active catalyst. In order to provide further clarity to the field, we also establish some basic parameters for evaluating the degree of "oxygen tolerance" that can be achieved using a given oxygen scrubbing strategy. Finally, we propose some applications that could most benefit from the implementation of oxygen tolerant CLRP and provide a perspective on the future direction of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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38
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Schneiderman DK, Ting JM, Purchel AA, Miranda R, Tirrell MV, Reineke TM, Rowan SJ. Open-to-Air RAFT Polymerization in Complex Solvents: From Whisky to Fermentation Broth. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:406-411. [PMID: 35619353 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the use of in situ enzyme degassing to facilitate the open-to-air reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in a wide range of complex aqueous solvents, including, beer, wine, liquor, and fermentation broth. This enzyme-assisted polymerization procedure is impressively robust, and poly(HEA) was attained with good control over molecular weight and a narrow dispersity in nearly all of the solvents tested. Kinetics experiments on HEA polymerization in whisky and spectroscopic analysis of the purified polymers suggest high end-group fidelity, as does the successful chain extension of a poly(HEA) macro chain transfer agent with narrow dispersity. These results suggest enzyme-assisted RAFT may be a powerful and underutilized tool for high-throughput screening and materials discovery and may simplify the synthesis of well-defined polymers in complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Schneiderman
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Ting
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anatolii A. Purchel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ron Miranda
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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39
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Wang X, Chen S, Wu D, Wu Q, Wei Q, He B, Lu Q, Wang Q. Oxidoreductase-Initiated Radical Polymerizations to Design Hydrogels and Micro/Nanogels: Mechanism, Molding, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705668. [PMID: 29504155 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their 3D cross-linked networks and tunable physicochemical properties, polymer hydrogels with different sizes are applied widely in tissue engineering, drug-delivery systems, pollution regulation, ionic conducting electrolytes, agricultural drought-resistance, cosmetics, and the food industry. Novel, environmentally friendly, and efficient oxidoreductase-initiated radical polymerizations to design hydrogels and micro/nanogels have gained increasing attention. Herein, the recent advances on the use of novel enzyme-initiated systems for hydrogel polymerization, including the mechanisms, and molding of polymeric and hybrid-polymeric networks are reviewed. Preliminary progress related to interfacial enzymatic polymerization for the generation of hybrid micro/nanogels is introduced as an emerging initiating approach. In addition, certain biological applications in tissue engineering, bioimaging, and therapy are demonstrated step by step. Finally, some perspectives on the safety profile of enzymatic formed hydrogels, new enzymatic systems, and potential theranostic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Dongbei Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qingcong Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qigang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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40
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Tan J, Xu Q, Li X, He J, Zhang Y, Dai X, Yu L, Zeng R, Zhang L. Enzyme-PISA: An Efficient Method for Preparing Well-Defined Polymer Nano-Objects under Mild Conditions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700871. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaocong Dai
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ruiming Zeng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter; Guangzhou 510006 China
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41
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Tian X, Ding J, Zhang B, Qiu F, Zhuang X, Chen Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E318. [PMID: 30966354 PMCID: PMC6415088 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is considered to be one of most famous reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. Benefiting from its living or controlled polymerization process, complex polymeric architectures with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity, as well as various functionality have been constructed, which could be applied in wide fields, including materials, biology, and electrology. Under the continuous research improvement, main achievements have focused on the development of new RAFT techniques, containing fancy initiation methods (e.g., photo, metal, enzyme, redox and acid), sulfur-free RAFT system and their applications in many fields. This review summarizes the current advances in major bright spot of novel RAFT techniques as well as their potential applications in the optoelectronic field, especially in the past a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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42
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Wang XH, Wu MX, Jiang W, Yuan BL, Tang J, Yang YW. Nanoflower-Shaped Biocatalyst with Peroxidase Activity Enhances the Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization of Methacrylate Monomers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Huo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory
of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xue Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory
of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- International Joint Research Laboratory
of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Lei Yuan
- International Joint Research Laboratory
of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tang
- International Joint Research Laboratory
of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory
of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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43
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Liu Z, Lv Y, Zhu A, An Z. One-Enzyme Triple Catalysis: Employing the Promiscuity of Horseradish Peroxidase for Synthesis and Functionalization of Well-Defined Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1-6. [PMID: 35610931 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new concept in polymer chemistry that the promiscuity of enzymes, as represented by horseradish peroxidase, can be employed for RAFT polymerization and thiol-ene and Diels-Alder reactions to synthesize well-defined functional polymers, via three different catalytic reactions mediated by one single enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry
and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Institute of Nanochemistry
and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Institute of Nanochemistry
and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry
and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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44
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Xu Q, Zhang Y, Li X, He J, Tan J, Zhang L. Enzyme catalysis-induced RAFT polymerization in water for the preparation of epoxy-functionalized triblock copolymer vesicles. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis-induced aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was conducted at room temperature for the preparation of epoxy-functionalized triblock copolymer vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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45
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Morris DL, Leeper TC, Ziegler CJ. Inhibition of lysozyme's polymerization activity using a polymer structural mimic. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) is a green catalyst capable of polymerizing the formation of 2-ethynylpyridine. 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)propane (DPP) is a mimic of the polymer repeating unit and a polymerization inhibitor. DPP's interaction with HEWL reveals structural insight into the mechanism of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Morris
- The University of Akron 302 E Buchtel Ave
- Akron
- USA
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46
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Kreutzer J, Yagci Y. Metal Free Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E35. [PMID: 30966069 PMCID: PMC6415071 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable amount of the worldwide industrial production of synthetic polymers is currently based on radical polymerization methods. The steadily increasing demand on high performance plastics and tailored polymers which serve specialized applications is driven by the development of new techniques to enable control of polymerization reactions on a molecular level. Contrary to conventional radical polymerization, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques provide the possibility to prepare polymers with well-defined structures and functionalities. The review provides a comprehensive summary over the development of the three most important RDRP methods, which are nitroxide mediated radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The focus thereby is set on the newest developments in transition metal free systems, which allow using these techniques for biological or biomedical applications. After each section selected examples from materials synthesis and application to biomedical materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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47
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Liu Z, Lv Y, An Z. Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis for the Synthesis of Multiblock and Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polymers with Oxygen Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13852-13856. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yue Lv
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
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48
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Liu Z, Lv Y, An Z. Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis for the Synthesis of Multiblock and Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polymers with Oxygen Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yue Lv
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
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49
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Yeow J, Boyer C. Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (Photo-PISA): New Insights and Opportunities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700137. [PMID: 28725534 PMCID: PMC5514979 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process is a useful synthetic tool for the efficient synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles of different morphologies. Recently, studies on visible light initiated PISA processes have offered a number of key research opportunities that are not readily accessible using traditional thermally initiated systems. For example, visible light mediated PISA (Photo-PISA) enables a high degree of control over the dispersion polymerization process by manipulation of the wavelength and intensity of incident light. In some cases, the final nanoparticle morphology of a single formulation can be modulated by simple manipulation of these externally controlled parameters. In addition, temporal (and in principle spatial) control over the Photo-PISA process can be achieved in most cases. Exploitation of the mild room temperature polymerizations conditions can enable the encapsulation of thermally sensitive therapeutics to occur without compromising the polymerization rate and their activities. Finally, the Photo-PISA process can enable further mechanistic insights into the morphological evolution of nanoparticle formation such as the effects of temperature on the self-assembly process. The purpose of this mini-review is therefore to examine some of these recent advances that have been made in Photo-PISA processes, particularly in light of the specific advantages that may exist in comparison with conventional thermally initiated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yeow
- School of Chemical EngineeringCentre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN)UNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical EngineeringCentre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN)UNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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