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Aoki D, Lossada F, Hoenders D, Ajiro H, Walther A. Efficient Softening and Toughening Strategies of Cellulose Nanofibril Nanocomposites Using Comb Polyurethane. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1693-1702. [PMID: 35362317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have attracted attention as building blocks for sustainable materials owing to their high performance and the advantages of their abundant natural resources. Bioinspired CNF/polymer nanocomposites, consisting of a soft polymer phase and a high fraction (>50 wt %) of CNF reinforcement, have been focused on excellent mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, mechanical strength, and toughness, mimicking the energy dissipation system in nature. However, efficient softening and toughening with a small amount of the soft phase is still a challenge because a large amount of the polymer phase (nearly 50%) is still required to provide ductility and toughness. Here, we describe a topological strategy in the polymer phase for efficient toughening of bioinspired CNF nanocomposites with a water-soluble comb polyurethane (PU). The comb PU provided higher elongation at break and more efficient flexibility for the nanocomposite than the linear PU, even at a small content. Moreover, CNF nanocomposites with 30 wt % of PU content and tetrabutylammonium as bulky counterions showed enhanced toughness (180% higher) and strain at break (250% higher) when compared to pure CNF due to the promotion of slippage between nanofibrils. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fracture surface for CNF/comb PU nanocomposites displayed the pull-out of mesoscale layers and nanofibrils, supporting that the comb topology promotes the slippage between fibrils. Furthermore, the rheological study revealed that the comb PU has an entanglement plateau modulus lower than linear PU by 1 order of magnitude, related to the loosened entanglements. Our study establishes an efficient softening and toughening strategy while using small amounts of polymer phase addition, promoting interfibrillar slippage with the loosely entangled comb PU phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Department of Chemistry, A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Material Systems, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Department of Chemistry, A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Material Systems, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Andreas Walther
- Department of Chemistry, A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Material Systems, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Aoki D, Miyake A, Tachaboonyakiat W, Ajiro H. Remarkable diastereomeric effect on thermoresponsive behavior of polyurethane based on lysine and tartrate ester derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35607-35613. [PMID: 35493186 PMCID: PMC9043254 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the long-distance diastereomeric effect on thermoresponsive properties in water-soluble diastereomeric polyurethanes (PUs) composed of an l-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate and a trimethylene glycol l-/d-tartrate ester, which have differences in spatial arrangements of the ethyl esters in the mirror image. The PUs based on l-lysine and l-/d-tartrate ester, named l-PU and d-PU, were synthesized with various number average molecular weights from 4700 to 13 100. In turbidimetry, l-PU showed a steep phase transition from 100%T to 0%T within about 10 °C at 4 g L−1, whereas d-PU did not change completely to 0%T transmittance even at 80 °C at 4 g L−1. In addition, the thermoresponsive properties of l-PU were less affected by concentration than those of d-PU. This long-distance diastereomeric effect on thermoresponsive behavior between l-PU and d-PU appeared in common among 6 samples with 4700 to 13 100 number average molecular weight. In the dynamic light scattering experiments at each transmittance, the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of l-PU increased up to 1000 nm, while the Dh of d-PU remained almost at 200–300 nm. The C
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O stretching vibration of FT-IR spectra showed that d-PU has more hydrogen-bonded ester groups than L-PU. Thus, we speculated that the difference in the retention of polymer chains in the micelle to promote intermicellar bridging generates the long-distance diastereomeric effect. The long-distance diastereomeric effect on thermoresponsive properties in a polyurethane system consisting of chiral monomers was reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyake
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Wanpen Tachaboonyakiat
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Phayathai, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan .,Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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Breul K, Stengelin E, Urschbach M, Mondeshki M, Wüst L, Sirleaf J, Seitel S, Emt T, Pschierer S, Besenius P, Seiffert S. Cell Adhesion on UV-Crosslinked Polyurethane Gels with Adjustable Mechanical Strength and Thermoresponsiveness. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100505. [PMID: 34562294 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive polyurethane (PU) hydrogels represent a versatile material platform for modern tissue engineering and biomedical applications. However, besides intrinsic advantages such as high mechanical strength and a hydrolysable backbone composition, plain PU materials are generally lacking bio-adhesive properties. To overcome this shortcoming, the authors focus on the synthesis of thermoresponsive PU hydrogels with variable mechanical and cell adhesive properties obtained from linear precursor PUs based on poly(ethylene glycol)s (pEG) with different molar masses, isophorone diisocyanate, and a dimerizable dimethylmaleimide (DMMI)-diol. The cloud point temperatures of the dilute, aqueous PU solutions depend linearly on the amphiphilic balance. Rheological gelation experiments under UV-irradiation reveal the dependence of the gelation time on photosensitizer concentration and light intensity, while the finally obtained gel strength is determined by the polymer concentration and spacing of the crosslinks. The swelling ratios of these soft hydrogels show significant changes between 5 and 40 °C whereby the extent of this switch increases with the hydrophobicity of the precursor. Moreover, it is shown that the incorporation of a low amount of catechol groups into the networks through the DMMI dimerization reaction leads to strongly improved cell adhesive properties without significantly weakening the gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Breul
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Elena Stengelin
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Laura Wüst
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Jason Sirleaf
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seitel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Theresa Emt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Sarah Pschierer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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Aoki D, Ajiro H. One-Shot Preparation of Thermoresponsive Comb Polyurethane Hydrogel for Both Excellent Toughness and Large Volume Switching. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100128. [PMID: 33987865 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive degradable polyurethane (PU) hydrogels are expected as the next-generation biomedical devices, although they have an important trade-off relationship between toughness and thermoresponsive properties. Tough and thermoresponsive comb PU hydrogels are prepared by one-shot poly-addition between hexamethylene diisocyanate, triethylene glycol tartrate ester, poly(ethylene glycol) 300 (PEG300), and glycerol. The swelling ratio change between 4 and 40 °C decreases as the proportion of PEG300 increases and is maintained at 600% switching within 30% PEG300. Moreover, the one-shot preparation of comb PU hydrogel with PEG300 improves toughness up to 100 times compared to the original comb PU hydrogel. Rheological analysis suggests that the bimodal toughening phenomenon for the proportion of PEG300 is due to the network structure and the hydrophobic aggregation domain. This simple toughening method using a heteronetwork based on the kinetic difference of step-growth PU is expected to apply to other chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Wang K, Liu Q, Lu G, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Chen S, Ma Q, Liu G, Zeng Y. Acid-Labile Temperature-Responsive Homopolymers and a Diblock Copolymer Bearing the Pendent Acetal Group. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ganghui Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Guiyan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yongfei Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Liu D, Sun J. Thermoresponsive Polypeptoids. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2973. [PMID: 33322804 PMCID: PMC7763442 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers have been widely studied in many applications such as biomedicine, nanotechnology, and catalysis. Temperature is one of the most commonly used external triggers, which can be highly controlled with excellent reversibility. Thermoresponsive polymers exhibiting a reversible phase transition in a controlled manner to temperature are a promising class of smart polymers that have been widely studied. The phase transition behavior can be tuned by polymer architectures, chain-end, and various functional groups. Particularly, thermoresponsive polypeptoid is a type of promising material that has drawn growing interest because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. This paper summarizes the recent advances of thermoresponsive polypeptoids, including the synthetic methods and functional groups as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
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Wang K, Liu Q, Liu G, Zeng Y. Novel thermoresponsive homopolymers of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) (acyloxy) methacrylate]s: LCST-type transition in water and UCST-type transition in alcohols. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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