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Mone M, Kim Y, Darabi S, Zokaei S, Karlsson L, Craighero M, Fabiano S, Kroon R, Müller C. Mechanically Adaptive Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors Based on a Polar Polythiophene Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibrils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37262133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with oligoether side chains are promising mixed ionic-electronic conductors, but they tend to feature a low glass transition temperature and hence a low elastic modulus, which prevents their use if mechanical robust materials are required. Carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are found to be a suitable reinforcing agent for a soft polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains. Dry nanocomposites feature a Young's modulus of more than 400 MPa, which reversibly decreases to 10 MPa or less upon passive swelling through water uptake. The presence of CNF results in a slight decrease in electronic mobility but enhances the ionic mobility and volumetric capacitance, with the latter increasing from 164 to 197 F cm-3 upon the addition of 20 vol % CNF. Overall, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) feature a higher switching speed and a transconductance that is independent of the CNF content up to at least 20 vol % CNF. Hence, CNF-reinforced conjugated polymers with oligoether side chains facilitate the design of mechanically adaptive mixed ionic-electronic conductors for wearable electronics and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Mone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sozan Darabi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sepideh Zokaei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mariavittoria Craighero
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Renee Kroon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Xue X, Song G, Chang C. Tough all-polysaccharide hydrogels with uniaxially/planarly oriented structure. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Heise K, Delepierre G, King AWT, Kostiainen MA, Zoppe J, Weder C, Kontturi E. Chemical Modification of Reducing End-Groups in Cellulose Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:66-87. [PMID: 32329947 PMCID: PMC7821002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Native plant cellulose has an intrinsic supramolecular structure. Consequently, it can be isolated as nanocellulose species, which can be utilized as building blocks for renewable nanomaterials. The structure of cellulose also permits its end-wise modification, i.e., chemical reactions exclusively on one end of a cellulose chain or a nanocellulose particle. The premises for end-wise modification have been known for decades. Nevertheless, different approaches for the reactions have emerged only recently, because of formidable synthetic and analytical challenges associated with the issue, including the adverse reactivity of the cellulose reducing end and the low abundance of newly introduced functionalities. This Review gives a full account of the scientific underpinnings and challenges related to end-wise modification of cellulose nanocrystals. Furthermore, we present how the chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystal ends may be applied to directed assembly, resulting in numerous possibilities for the construction of new materials, such as responsive liquid crystal templates and composites with tailored interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16300FI-00076 AaltoEspooFinland
| | - Gwendoline Delepierre
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversité de FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4CH-1700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Materials Chemistry DivisionChemistry DepartmentUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55FI-00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16300FI-00076 AaltoEspooFinland
| | - Justin Zoppe
- Omya International AGBaslerstrasse 42CH-4665OftringenSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversité de FribourgChemin des Verdiers 4CH-1700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16300FI-00076 AaltoEspooFinland
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Heise K, Delepierre G, King AWT, Kostiainen MA, Zoppe J, Weder C, Kontturi E. Chemische Modifizierung der reduzierenden Enden von Cellulosenanokristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Espoo Finnland
| | - Gwendoline Delepierre
- Adolphe Merkle Institute Université de Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700 Fribourg Schweiz
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Materials Chemistry Division Chemistry Department University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finnland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Espoo Finnland
| | - Justin Zoppe
- Omya International AG Baslerstrasse 42 CH-4665 Oftringen Schweiz
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute Université de Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700 Fribourg Schweiz
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Espoo Finnland
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Monney B, Dibble AG, Moatsou D, Weder C. Highly Cross-Linked, Physiologically Responsive, Mechanically Adaptive Polymer Networks Made by Photopolymerization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3090-3097. [PMID: 32095732 PMCID: PMC7034001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically adaptive materials that soften upon exposure to physiological conditions are useful for biomedical applications, notably as substrates for implantable neural electrodes. So far, device fabrication efforts have largely relied on shaping such devices by laser cutting, but this process makes it difficult to produce complex electrode architectures and leads to ill-defined surface chemistries. Here, we report mechanically adaptive, physiologically responsive polymers that can be photopolymerized and thus patterned via soft lithography and photolithography. The adaptive polymer networks produced exhibit, in optimized compositions, a ca. 500-fold decrease of their storage modulus when exposed to simulated physiological conditions, for example, from 2.5 GPa to 5 MPa. This effect is caused by modest swelling (30% w/w), which in turn leads to plasticization so that the polymer network's glass transition temperature is reduced from 145 to 25 °C. The polymer networks can further be rendered pH-responsive by the incorporation of methacrylic acid. The dual stimuli-responsive materials thus made show promise as coatings or substrates for drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dafni Moatsou
- E-mail: . Current address: Karlsruher Institut
für Technologie, Institut
für Organische Chemie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe,
Germany (D.M.)
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Martin P, Vasilyev G, Chu G, Boas M, Arinstein A, Zussman E. pH‐Controlled network formation in a mixture of oppositely charged cellulose nanocrystals and poly(allylamine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Martin
- Nano Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Gleb Vasilyev
- Nano Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Guang Chu
- Nano Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Mor Boas
- Nano Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Arkadii Arinstein
- Nano Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Nano Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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