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Wang Y, Guo J, Cao X, Zhao Y. Developing conductive hydrogels for biomedical applications. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230023. [PMID: 39188512 PMCID: PMC11235618 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted copious attention owing to their grateful performances, such as similarity to biological tissues, compliance, conductivity and biocompatibility. A diversity of conductive hydrogels have been developed and showed versatile potentials in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in conductive hydrogels, involving the various types and functionalities of conductive hydrogels as well as their applications in biomedical fields. Furthermore, the current challenges and the reasonable outlook of conductive hydrogels are also given. It is expected that this review will provide potential guidance for the advancement of next-generation conductive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
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Xie J, Jia D, Dirican M, Xia Y, Li C, Liu Y, Cui M, Yan C, Wan J, Liu H, Chen G, Zhang X, Tao J. Highly Foldable, Super-Sensitive, and Transparent Nanocellulose/Ceramic/Polymer Cover Windows for Flexible OLED Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16658-16668. [PMID: 35352547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer cover windows are important components of flexible OLED displays but they easily generate wrinkles because of their weak folding resistance. Increasing the polymer thickness can improve the folding resistance but it decreases the touch sensitivity. Thus, fabricating highly foldable and supersensitive polymer cover windows is still challenging. Here, by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and zirconia (ZrO2) into colorless polyimide (CPI), we developed a highly foldable and supersensitive hybrid cover window. Inspired by the theory of elasticity, we added rigid CNCs into CPI to improve the elastic modulus and hence the foldability. ZrO2 was introduced to improve dielectric properties, which leads to improved touch sensitivity. After these modifications, the elastic modulus of the cover windows was increased from 1432 to 2221 MPa, whereas its dielectric constant was increased from 2.95 to 3.46 (@1 × 106 Hz), resulting in significantly enhanced foldability and sensitivity. Meanwhile, because of the nano size of CNCs and ZrO2, the hybrid cover windows exhibit excellent optical properties with the transmittance of ∼88.1%@550 nm and haze of 2.39%. With improved and balanced mechanical, dielectric, and optical properties, these hybrid cover windows overcome current cover windows' defects and could be widely used in next-generation flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xie
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mahmut Dirican
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Yi Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxing Li
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meng Cui
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Bengbu, Anhui 233010, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Bengbu, Anhui 233010, China
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A Review on Printed Electronics: Fabrication Methods, Inks, Substrates, Applications and Environmental Impacts. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp5030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Innovations in industrial automation, information and communication technology (ICT), renewable energy as well as monitoring and sensing fields have been paving the way for smart devices, which can acquire and convey information to the Internet. Since there is an ever-increasing demand for large yet affordable production volumes for such devices, printed electronics has been attracting attention of both industry and academia. In order to understand the potential and future prospects of the printed electronics, the present paper summarizes the basic principles and conventional approaches while providing the recent progresses in the fabrication and material technologies, applications and environmental impacts.
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