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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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2
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Holbrook JH, Kemper GE, Hummon AB. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging: therapeutics & biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2137-2151. [PMID: 38284765 PMCID: PMC10878071 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become increasingly utilized in the analysis of biological molecules. MSI grants the ability to spatially map thousands of molecules within one experimental run in a label-free manner. While MSI is considered by most to be a qualitative method, recent advancements in instrumentation, sample preparation, and development of standards has made quantitative MSI (qMSI) more common. In this feature article, we present a tailored review of recent advancements in qMSI of therapeutics and biomolecules such as lipids and peptides/proteins. We also provide detailed experimental considerations for conducting qMSI studies on biological samples, aiming to advance the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Holbrook
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Kemper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Sivanesan I, Gopal J, Hasan N, Muthu M. A systematic assessment of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) application for rapid identification of pathogenic microbes that affect food crops: delivered and future deliverables. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17297-17314. [PMID: 37304772 PMCID: PMC10251190 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS has decades of experience in the detection and identification of microbial pathogens. This has now become a valuable analytical tool when it comes to the identification and detection of clinical microbial pathogens. This review gives a brief synopsis of what has been achieved using MALDI-TOF MS in clinical microbiology. The major focus, however, is on summarizing and highlighting the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF MS as a novel tool for rapid identification of food crop microbial pathogens. The methods used and the sample preparation methodologies reported thus far have been highlighted and the challenges and gaps and recommendations for fine tuning the technique have been put forth. In an era where anything close to the health and welfare of humanity has been considered as the top priority, this review pitches on one such relevant research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 05029 Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Thandalam Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India +91 44 2681 1009 +91 44 66726677
| | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University P.O. Box 114 Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Thandalam Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India +91 44 2681 1009 +91 44 66726677
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Mass Spectrometry of Esterified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052001. [PMID: 36903247 PMCID: PMC10003902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have received special attention due to their cavity-based structural architecture that imbues them with outstanding properties, primarily related to their capacity to host various guest molecules, from low-molecular-mass compounds to polymers. Cyclodextrin derivatization has been always accompanied by the development of characterization methods, able to unfold complicated structures with increasing precision. One of the important leaps forward is represented by mass spectrometry techniques with soft ionization, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this context, esterified cyclodextrins (ECDs) benefited also from the formidable input of structural knowledge, thus allowing the understanding of the structural impact of reaction parameters on the obtained products, especially for the ring-opening oligomerization of cyclic esters. The current review envisages the common mass spectrometry approaches such as direct MALDI MS or ESI MS analysis, hyphenated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry, employed for unraveling the structural features and particular processes associated with ECDs. Thus, the accurate description of complex architectures, advances in the gas phase fragmentation processes, assessment of secondary reactions, and reaction kinetics are discussed in addition to typical molecular mass measurements.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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7
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“Omic” Approaches to Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179601. [PMID: 36077000 PMCID: PMC9455953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quick and accurate identification of microorganisms and the study of resistance to antibiotics is crucial in the economic and industrial fields along with medicine. One of the fastest-growing identification methods is the spectrometric approach consisting in the matrix-assisted laser ionization/desorption using a time-of-flight analyzer (MALDI-TOF MS), which has many advantages over conventional methods for the determination of microorganisms presented. Thanks to the use of a multiomic approach in the MALDI-TOF MS analysis, it is possible to obtain a broad spectrum of data allowing the identification of microorganisms, understanding their interactions and the analysis of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In addition, the literature data indicate the possibility of a significant reduction in the time of the sample preparation and analysis time, which will enable a faster initiation of the treatment of patients. However, it is still necessary to improve the process of identifying and supplementing the existing databases along with creating new ones. This review summarizes the use of “-omics” approaches in the MALDI TOF MS analysis, including in bacterial identification and antibiotic resistance mechanisms analysis.
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Jia Y, Lu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zou M, Liu J, Jin W, Wang X, Pang G, Huang L, Wang Z. Mass spectrometry based quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal N-glycan changes of bovine lactoferrin at different stages of lactation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Pralow A, Cajic S, Alagesan K, Kolarich D, Rapp E. State-of-the-Art Glycomics Technologies in Glycobiotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:379-411. [PMID: 33112988 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation affects the properties of biologics; thus regulatory bodies classified it as critical quality attribute and force biopharma industry to capture and control it throughout all phases, from R&D till end of product lifetime. The shift from originators to biosimilars further increases importance and extent of glycoanalysis, which thus increases the need for technology platforms enabling reliable high-throughput and in-depth glycan analysis. In this chapter, we will first summarize on established glycoanalytical methods based on liquid chromatography focusing on hydrophilic interaction chromatography, capillary electrophoresis focusing on multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry focusing on matrix-assisted laser desorption; we will then highlight two emerging technologies based on porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography and on ion-mobility mass spectrometry as both are highly promising tools to deliver an additional level of information for in-depth glycan analysis; additionally we elaborate on the advantages and challenges of different glycoanalytical technologies and their complementarity; finally, we briefly review applications thereof to biopharmaceutical products. This chapter provides an overview of current state-of-the-art analytical approaches for glycan characterization of biopharmaceuticals that can be employed to capture glycoprotein heterogeneity in a biopharmaceutical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pralow
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathirvel Alagesan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
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11
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Cao WQ, Liu MQ, Kong SY, Wu MX, Huang ZZ, Yang PY. Novel methods in glycomics: a 2019 update. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:11-25. [PMID: 31914820 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1708199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Glycomics, which aims to define the glycome of a biological system to better assess the biological attributes of the glycans, has attracted increasing interest. However, the complexity and diversity of glycans present challenging barriers to glycome definition. Technological advances are major drivers in glycomics.Areas covered: This review summarizes the main methods and emphasizes the most recent advances in mass spectrometry-based methods regarding glycomics following the general workflow in glycomic analysis.Expert opinion: Recent mass spectrometry-based technological advances have significantly lowered the barriers in glycomics. The field of glycomics is moving toward both generic and precise analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qian Cao
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qi Liu
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Kong
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xi Wu
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Ze Huang
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Expanding the Reaction Space of Linkage-Specific Sialic Acid Derivatization. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193617. [PMID: 31597281 PMCID: PMC6803949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human glycome is characterized by a high degree of sialylation, affecting, amongst others, cell-cell interactions and protein half-life. An established method for the linkage isomer-specific characterization of N-glycan sialylation is based on the linkage-specific derivatization of sialylated glycoconjugates, inducing ethyl esterification of α2,6-linked sialic acids and lactonization of α2,3-linked sialic acids. While the carboxylic acid activator and nucleophile used in this reaction received extensive investigation, the role of the catalyst was never thoroughly explored. A frequently used catalyst for the linkage-specific esterification of sialic acids is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). Here, a systematic evaluation was performed of five HOBt alternatives in combination with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in ethanol for the linkage-specific derivatization of sialic acids. Derivatized glycans were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and the catalyst performance was evaluated based on the completeness of the reactions and the linkage-specificity obtained. The use of both 6-Cl-HOBt and 6-CF3-HOBt resulted in high linkage-specificity and minimal byproduct formation, similar to the benchmark method using HOBt. Performing the reaction with these catalysts at neutral or acidic pH showed comparable efficiencies on both sialyllactose and complex-type N-glycans. The reported investigations resulted in an expansion of the reaction space for linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization.
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Mauerhofer LM, Pappenreiter P, Paulik C, Seifert AH, Bernacchi S, Rittmann SKMR. Methods for quantification of growth and productivity in anaerobic microbiology and biotechnology. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:321-360. [PMID: 30446943 PMCID: PMC6529396 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic microorganisms (anaerobes) possess a fascinating metabolic versatility. This characteristic makes anaerobes interesting candidates for physiological studies and utilizable as microbial cell factories. To investigate the physiological characteristics of an anaerobic microbial population, yield, productivity, specific growth rate, biomass production, substrate uptake, and product formation are regarded as essential variables. The determination of those variables in distinct cultivation systems may be achieved by using different techniques for sampling, measuring of growth, substrate uptake, and product formation kinetics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of methods is presented, and the applicability is discussed in the frame of anaerobic microbiology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Mauerhofer
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Patricia Pappenreiter
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Paulik
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria.
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Briggs MT, Condina MR, Klingler‐Hoffmann M, Arentz G, Everest‐Dass AV, Kaur G, Oehler MK, Packer NH, Hoffmann P. TranslatingN‐Glycan Analytical Applications into Clinical Strategies for Ovarian Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800099. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Briggs
- Adelaide Proteomics CentreSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
- ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
- Future Industries InstituteMawson Lakes CampusUniversity of South Australia 5095 Mawson Lakes
| | - Mark R. Condina
- Future Industries InstituteMawson Lakes CampusUniversity of South Australia 5095 Mawson Lakes
| | | | - Georgia Arentz
- Future Industries InstituteMawson Lakes CampusUniversity of South Australia 5095 Mawson Lakes
| | - Arun V. Everest‐Dass
- Institute for GlycomicsGold Coast CampusGriffith University Gold Coast 4215 Australia
- ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)Macquarie University Sydney 2109 Australia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM)Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological OncologyRoyal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide 5000 South Australia Australia
- Robinson InstituteUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Institute for GlycomicsGold Coast CampusGriffith University Gold Coast 4215 Australia
- ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)Macquarie University Sydney 2109 Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries InstituteMawson Lakes CampusUniversity of South Australia 5095 Mawson Lakes
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15
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Ruhaak LR, Xu G, Li Q, Goonatilleke E, Lebrilla CB. Mass Spectrometry Approaches to Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7886-7930. [PMID: 29553244 PMCID: PMC7757723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses involve the characterization of oligosaccharides (glycans) conjugated to proteins. Glycans are produced through a complicated nontemplate driven process involving the competition of enzymes that extend the nascent chain. The large diversity of structures, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies of glycans all conspire to make the analysis arguably much more difficult than any other biopolymer. Furthermore, the large number of glycoforms associated with a specific protein site makes it more difficult to characterize than any post-translational modification. Nonetheless, there have been significant progress, and advanced separation and mass spectrometry methods have been at its center and the main reason for the progress. While glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses are still typically available only through highly specialized laboratories, new software and workflow is making it more accessible. This review focuses on the role of mass spectrometry and separation methods in advancing glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses. It describes the current state of the field and progress toward making it more available to the larger scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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17
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Nishikaze T. Sensitive and Structure-Informative N-Glycosylation Analysis by MALDI-MS; Ionization, Fragmentation, and Derivatization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:A0060. [PMID: 28794918 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool for analyzing post translational modifications of proteins, including N-glycosylated molecules. Because most glycosylation sites carry a multitude of glycans, referred to as "glycoforms," the purpose of an N-glycosylation analysis is glycoform profiling and glycosylation site mapping. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has unique characteristics that are suited for the sensitive analysis of N-glycosylated products. However, the analysis is often hampered by the inherent physico-chemical properties of N-glycans. Glycans are highly hydrophilic in nature, and therefore tend to show low ion yields in both positive- and negative-ion modes. The labile nature and complicated branched structures involving various linkage isomers make structural characterization difficult. This review focuses on MALDI-MS-based approaches for enhancing analytical performance in N-glycosylation research. In particular, the following three topics are emphasized: (1) Labeling for enhancing the ion yields of glycans and glycopeptides, (2) Negative-ion fragmentation for less ambiguous elucidation of the branched structure of N-glycans, (3) Derivatization for the stabilization and linkage isomer discrimination of sialic acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikaze
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation
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18
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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19
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Organic matrices, ionic liquids, and organic matrices@nanoparticles assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Muñoz A, Illescas BM, Luczkowiak J, Lasala F, Ribeiro-Viana R, Rojo J, Delgado R, Martín N. Antiviral activity of self-assembled glycodendro[60]fullerene monoadducts. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6566-6571. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic glycodendro[60]fullerenes have been tested in an artificial Ebola virus infection assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Fac. C.C. Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Fac. C.C. Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)
- 28041 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)
- 28041 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Renato Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems Laboratory Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Seville
- Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Seville
- Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)
- 28041 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Fac. C.C. Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
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21
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Everest-Dass AV, Briggs MT, Kaur G, Oehler MK, Hoffmann P, Packer NH. N-glycan MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Enables the Delineation of Ovarian Cancer Tissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3003-16. [PMID: 27412689 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.059816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynaecological malignancy in adult women with a five-year overall survival rate of only 30%. Glycomic and glycoproteomic profiling studies have reported extensive protein glycosylation pattern alterations in ovarian cancer. Therefore, spatio-temporal investigation of these glycosylation changes may unearth tissue-specific changes that occur in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. A novel method for investigating tissue-specific N-linked glycans is using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections that can spatially profile N-glycan compositions released from proteins in tissue-specific regions. In this study, tissue regions of interest (e.g. tumor, stroma, adipose tissue and necrotic areas) were isolated from FFPE tissue sections of advanced serous ovarian cancers (n = 3). PGC-LC-ESI-MS/MS and MALDI-MSI were used as complementary techniques to firstly generate structural information on the tissue-specific glycans in order to then obtain high resolution images of the glycan structure distribution in ovarian cancer tissue. The N-linked glycan repertoires carried by the proteins in these tissue regions were structurally characterized for the first time in FFPE ovarian cancer tissue regions, using enzymatic peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) release of N-glycans. The released glycans were analyzed by porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography (PGC-LC) and collision induced electrospray negative mode MS fragmentation analysis. The N-glycan profiles identified by this analysis were then used to determine the location and distribution of each N-glycan on FFPE ovarian cancer sections that were treated with PNGase F using high resolution MALDI-MSI. A tissue-specific distribution of N-glycan structures identified particular regions of the ovarian cancer sections. For example, high mannose glycans were predominantly expressed in the tumor tissue region whereas complex/hybrid N-glycans were significantly abundant in the intervening stroma. Therefore, tumor and non-tumor tissue regions were clearly demarcated solely on their N-glycan structure distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- ‡‡Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Matthew T Briggs
- From the ‡Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; ¶Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; ‖Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- **Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- ‡‡Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; §§Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- ¶Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; ‖Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; ¶¶Centre for Molecular Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- From the ‡Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; §ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia;
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Li H, Gao W, Feng X, Liu BF, Liu X. MALDI-MS analysis of sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers using solid-phase two step derivatization method. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 924:77-85. [PMID: 27181647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids usually locate at the terminal of many glycan structures in either α(2,3) or α(2,6) linkage, playing different roles in various biological and pathological processes. Several linkage specific carboxyl derivatization methods have been reported to discriminate between α(2,3) and α(2,6)-linked sialic acids by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Among them, ethyl esterification was recently reported to achieve linkage specific derivatization between α(2,3) and α(2,6)-linked sialic acids with good selectivity. However, the method suffered from the instability of the generated lactones and byproducts of the derivatives. To overcome these shortcomings, a solid-phase two step derivatization method was introduced to convert the α(2,6)-linked sialic acid into ethyl esters and the α(2,3)-inked counterparts into N-methyl amides, respectively. Under the optimized derivatization conditions, our method was able to achieve accurate relative quantification of N-glycan as well as their corresponding sialylated linkage types, superior to the ethyl esterification method. The solid phase derivatization strategy was further applied to investigate N-glycans from biosimilar antibody drug and human serum from patients and healthy volunteers. This method has the potential to be used in the biomarker discovery and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghui Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Zhou D, Chen C, Xu L, Utkina N, Danilov L, Torgov V, Veselovsky V, Liu B, Feng L. Mass spectrometric characterization of a two-glycosyltransferase tandem reaction for assembly of tetrasaccharide repeating unit of Escherichia coli O77 O-antigen. Carbohydr Res 2016; 424:24-9. [PMID: 26963608 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wbaD gene and wbaC gene from Escherichia coli O77 O-antigen gene cluster encoding mannosyltransferases were functionally characterized in vitro. A synthetic acceptor P(1)-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P(2)-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate (GlcNAc-PP-PhU) was used as an acceptor and GDP-Man as a donor substrate; the activities of WbaD and WbaC were confirmed by detailed structural characterization of their lipooligosacharide enzyme products using high-sensitivity negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID) MS-MS. The extensive fragmentation unequivocally demonstrated that the Man(1-3)-GlcNAc linkage in WbaD catalyzed reaction product and two Man(1-2)-Man linkages in tandem WbaD/WbaC catalyzed reaction product are present, respectively. This study provided valuable information for the understanding of diversified glycosyltransferase (GT) functions and the two GTs characterized can serve as additional enzyme sources for possible pharmaceutical related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhou
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chao Chen
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Natalia Utkina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Danilov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Torgov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Veselovsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Jovanović M, Peter-Katalinić J. Negative ion MALDI-TOF MS, ISD and PSD of neutral underivatized oligosaccharides without anionic dopant strategies, using 2,5-DHAP as a matrix. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:111-22. [PMID: 26889927 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides represent complex class of analytes for mass spectrometric analysis due to the high variety of structural isomers concerning glycosidic linkages and possible branching. A systematic study of the negative ion mode matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of various neutral oligosaccharides under selection of an appropriate matrix, like 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (2,5-DHAP) is reported here, without commonly used anion dopant strategies. Nevertheless, we were able to generate relevant in-source decay (ISD) cross-ring fragment ions, typically obtained in the negative ion mode. Data observed indicate that the intrinsic property of the terminal non-reduced aldose is crucial for this behavior. A systematic study of the post source decay (PSD) of molecular, pseudomolecular and ISD cross-ring cleavage precursor ions is reported here. A direct comparison of the positive and negative ion mode MALDI MS1 and PSD behavior of neutral oligosaccharides could also be performed under the use of the same matrix preparation, because 2,5-DHAP is fully compatible with positive ion mode acquisition. We found that PSD spectra of deprotonated neutral oligosaccharides obtained in the negative ion mode are richer, because they contained both glycosidic and cross-ring fragment ions. However, we also found that cross-ring fragment ions are readily produced in the positive ion mode when potassiated precursor ions were selected. In addition, we show evidence that non-anionic dopants and specific instrumental parameters can also significantly influence the ISD fragmentation. Taken together, our results should increase our understanding of oligosaccharide behavior in the negative ion mode as well as increase our knowledge regarding many aspects of in-source MALDI chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jovanović
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51 000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jasna Peter-Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51 000, Rijeka, Croatia
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Yang H, Shi L, Yao W, Wang Y, Huang L, Wan D, Liu S. Differentiation of Disaccharide Isomers by Temperature-Dependent In-Source Decay (TDISD) and DART-Q-TOF MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1599-1605. [PMID: 26162649 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Helium direct analysis in real time (He-DART) mass spectrometry (MS) of some compounds, polysaccharides, for example, usually tends to be challenging because of the occurrence of prominent in-source decay (ISD), which was considered as an undesired side reaction, as it complicated the resulting mass spectra. Our approach is to take advantage of an efficient and practical method termed the temperature-dependent ISD (TDISD) technique combined with fragmentation of the dehydrated dimers using DART Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry for differentiation of disaccharide isomers. In this study, cross-ring cleavages and non-ovalent complexes were detected in the spectra of the saccharides. It was observed that the gas heater temperature had a significant effect on the absence or presence of signal in DART spectra. At high gas temperature, ions in high mass region began to appear. Based on the types of cross-ring cleavages and noncovalent complexes, disaccharide isomers with different linkage positions can be differentiated in both positive and negative ion modes at a lower DART gas temperature. Additionally, anomeric configurations were assigned on the basis of the relative abundance ratio of m/z 198:342 obtained by the comparison of the positive ion mode tandem mass spectrum of an α isomer dimer generated at higher DART gas temperature and that of the corresponding β one. In general, this method is easy, fast, effective, and robust for identifying disaccharide isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Stavenhagen K, Kolarich D, Wuhrer M. Clinical Glycomics Employing Graphitized Carbon Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2014; 78:307-320. [PMID: 25750456 PMCID: PMC4346670 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates and free glycan are involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell-cell interaction and cell trafficking. Alterations in the complex glycosylation machinery have been correlated with various pathological processes including cancer progression and metastasis. Mass Spectrometry (MS) has evolved as one of the most powerful tools in glycomics and glycoproteomics and in combination with porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography (PGC-LC) it is a versatile and sensitive technique for the analysis of glycans and to some extent also glycopeptides. PGC-LC-ESI-MS analysis is characterized by a high isomer separation power enabling a specific glycan compound analysis on the level of individual structures. This allows the investigation of the biological relevance of particular glycan structures and glycan features. Consequently, this strategy is a very powerful technique suitable for clinical research, such as cancer biomarker discovery, as well as in-depth analysis of recombinant glycoproteins. In this review, we will focus on how PGC in conjunction with MS detection can deliver specific structural information for clinical research on protein-bound N-glycans and mucin-type O-glycans. In addition, we will briefly review PGC analysis approaches for glycopeptides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The presented applications cover systems that vary vastly with regard to complexity such as purified glycoproteins, cells, tissue or body fluids revealing specific glycosylation changes associated with various biological processes including cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14242 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lin HY, Hsu HC, Lu IC, Hsu KT, Liao CY, Lee YY, Tseng CM, Lee YT, Ni CK. Fluorescence spectroscopy of UV-MALDI matrices and implications of ionization mechanisms. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:164307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4898372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Chen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chung Lu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Hsu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tseh Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ni
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Bank S, Heller E, Memmel E, Seibel J, Holzgrabe U, Kapková P. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry of N-glycans derivatized with isonicotinic hydrazide and its biotinylated form. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1745-1756. [PMID: 24975255 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Successful structural characterization of glycans often requires derivatization prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Here we report on a new derivatization reagent for glycans, biotinylated isonicotinic hydrazide, allowing glycan analysis by both mass spectrometry (MS) and biochemically. Fragmentation behavior in MS and its use in structural elucidation were investigated and compared with other labels. METHODS Glycans, released from ribonuclease B and ovalbumin, were derivatized with hydrazine labels (isoniazid (INH), biotinylated isonicotinic hydrazide (BINH) and biotinamidocaproylhydrazide (BACH)). In addition, native counterparts and 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) derivatives were prepared. Comparative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDI TOF/TOF) experiments were carried out to investigate the fragmentation pattern of the derivatives. Finally, the capability of BINH derivatives to bind lectins was explored. RESULTS Generally, derivatization provided beneficial enhancement in the mass spectrometric signal intensity as compared to native counterparts. The mass spectrometric fragmentation varied with the kind of label used. The most significant structure-revealing ions (cross-ring cleavages) were observed in the spectra of BINH derivatives, whereas mainly glycosidic cleavages were found with native form of glycans and 2-AB derivatives. CONCLUSIONS Hydrazine derivatization provided the means to obtain structurally informative fragment ions. Due to BINH derivatization, specific fragments of the isomers allowed the identification of diverse glycans. The derivatization reaction can be carried out without the need for purification. The biotin residue of BINH enabled for biochemical studies, i.e. protein-glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bank
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Li H, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Feng X, Liu BF, Liu X. Solid-phase methylamidation for sialoglycomics by MALDI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6235-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Zhou H, Warren PG, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. Dual modifications strategy to quantify neutral and sialylated N-glycans simultaneously by MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6277-84. [PMID: 24766348 PMCID: PMC4082391 DOI: 10.1021/ac500298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Differences
in ionization efficiency among neutral and sialylated
glycans prevent direct quantitative comparison by their respective
mass spectrometric signals. To overcome this challenge, we developed
an integrated chemical strategy, Dual Reactions for Analytical Glycomics
(DRAG), to quantitatively compare neutral and sialylated glycans simultaneously
by MALDI-MS. Initially, two glycan samples to be compared undergo
reductive amination with 2-aminobenzoic acid and 2-13[C6]-aminobenzoic acid, respectively. The different isotope-incorporated
glycans are then combined and subjected to the methylamidation of
the sialic acid residues in one mixture, homogenizing the ionization
responses for all neutral and sialylated glycans. By this approach,
the expression change of relevant glycans between two samples is proportional
to the ratios of doublet signals with a static 6 Da mass difference
in MALDI-MS and the change in relative abundance of any glycan within
samples can also be determined. The strategy was chemically validated
using well-characterized N-glycans from bovine fetuin and IgG from
human serum. By comparing the N-glycomes from a first morning (AM)
versus an afternoon (PM) urine sample obtained from a single donor,
we further demonstrated the ability of DRAG strategy to measure subtle
quantitative differences in numerous urinary N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology and The Proteomics Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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32
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Hsu HC, Lu IC, Lin PH, Dyakov YA, Bagchi A, Lin CY, Hung SW, Lee YT, Ni CK. Does decarboxylation make 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid special in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization? RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1082-1088. [PMID: 24711271 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Among the six positional isomers of dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 2,5-DHB is a more favorable matrix for use in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) than the other isomers because of its high ion-generation efficiency at 337 and 355 nm. The generation of hydroquinone or p-benzoquinone through the decarboxylation of 2,5-DHB has been suggested to play a crucial role in the ion-generation efficiency of 2,5-DHB. METHODS The mass spectra of desorbed neutrals generated from MALDI were measured using electron impact ionization (70 eV) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer and vacuum ultraviolet (118 nm) photoionization and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The mass spectra of desorbed ions generated from MALDI were investigated using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The dissociation barrier height and dissociation rate of decarboxylation were calculated by an ab initio method and RRKM theory. RESULTS Decarboxylation of neutral 2,5-DHB and 2,5-DHB cations was not observed. Theoretical calculations indicated that decarboxylation of neutral 2,5-DHB and 2,5-DHB cations is too slow to occur. CONCLUSIONS The high ion-generation efficiency of the 2,5-DHB matrix at 337 and 355 nm is not related to decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Chen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Abstract
Proteins provide the verbs to biology, and proteomics provides the nouns for their analytical and discovery-driven studies. The term proteomics was coined in the 1990s and deals with the protein complement of the genome-the proteome. Following the classical proteomics era, the development of new mass spectrometric methods for peptide analysis permitted the identification of proteins in peptide mixtures obtained by proteolytic digestion of complex samples, e.g., shotgun proteomics. Since its introduction, shotgun proteomics became the standard technique for the analysis of protein hydrolyzates in a high-throughput way. In this chapter, we provide a survey in shotgun proteomics highlighting instruments and techniques used in modern second and third proteomics generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cesar Sousa Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 Bloco A - sala 542 Cidade Universitária, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zeng Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang L, Lu N. On-plate glycoproteins/glycopeptides selective enrichment and purification based on surface pattern for direct MALDI MS analysis. Analyst 2013; 138:3032-7. [PMID: 23577342 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel method has been proposed to achieve selective enrichment and purification of glycoproteins/glycopeptides on a surface patterned sample support, which consists of a hydrophobic outer layer (F-SAM) and an internal boronic acid-modified gold microspot (900 μm). Upon deposition, the sample solution is firstly concentrated in a small area by repulsion of the hydrophobic outer layer, and then the glycoproteins/glycopeptides are selectively captured through boronic acid covalently binding in the inner layer. However, the non-glycosylated proteins/peptides or high concentration salts are removed after rinsing with alkaline solution. As a result, the detection sensitivity is improved by an order of magnitude greater than when using a stainless steel MALDI plate. With surface patterned sample support, the glycoproteins/glycopeptides can be detected even under interference from the excessive existing non-glycosylated proteins/peptides (10 times more than glycoproteins/glycopeptides). Simultaneously, high-quality mass spectra can be obtained even in the presence of urea (1 M), NaCl (1 M), or NH4HCO3 (200 mM). Therefore, this novel technique may be applied to high-throughput analysis of low-abundance glycoproteins/glycopeptides in complicated proteome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufang Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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35
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Di Girolamo F, Lante I, Muraca M, Putignani L. The Role of Mass Spectrometry in the "Omics" Era. CURR ORG CHEM 2013; 17:2891-2905. [PMID: 24376367 PMCID: PMC3873040 DOI: 10.2174/1385272817888131118162725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the key analytical technology on which the emerging ''-omics'' approaches are based. It may provide detection and quantization of thousands of proteins and biologically active metabolites from a tissue, body fluid or cell culture working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. It can be expected that the high performance of MS technology, coupled to routine data handling, will soon bring fruit in the request for a better understanding of human diseases, leading to new molecular biomarkers, hence affecting drug targets and therapies. In this review, we focus on the main advances in the MS technologies, influencing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics fields, up to the most recent MS applications to meta-omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Girolamo
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Lante
- Laboratory Medicine, San Camillo Hospital, Viale Vittorio Veneto 18, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Parasitology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
- Metagenomics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
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Zhou D, Utkina N, Li D, Dong C, Druzhinina T, Veselovsky V, Liu B. Biochemical characterization of a new β-1,3-galactosyltransferase WbuP from Escherichia coli O114 that catalyzes the second step in O-antigen repeating-unit. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kailasa SK, Wu HF. Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Neuro-chemicals and their Metabolites in Biofluids. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:436-64. [PMID: 24381533 PMCID: PMC3744906 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mass spectrometric related techniques have been widely applied for the identification and quantification of neurochemicals and their metabolites in biofluids. This article presents an overview of mass spectrometric techniques applied in the detection of neurological substances and their metabolites from biological samples. In addition, the advances of chromatographic methods (LC, GC and CE) coupled with mass spectrometric techniques for analysis of neurochemicals in pharmaceutical and biological samples are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, India
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 800, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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38
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Reuel NF, Mu B, Zhang J, Hinckley A, Strano MS. Nanoengineered glycan sensors enabling native glycoprofiling for medicinal applications: towards profiling glycoproteins without labeling or liberation steps. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 41:5744-79. [PMID: 22868627 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoengineered glycan sensors may help realize the long-held goal of accurate and rapid glycoprotein profiling without labeling or glycan liberation steps. Current methods of profiling oligosaccharides displayed on protein surfaces, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and microarray methods, are limited by sample pretreatment and quantitative accuracy. Microarrayed platforms can be improved with methods that better estimate kinetic parameters rather than simply reporting relative binding information. These quantitative glycan sensors are enabled by an emerging class of nanoengineered materials that differ in their mode of signal transduction from traditional methods. Platforms that respond to mass changes include a quartz crystal microbalance and cantilever sensors. Electronic response can be detected from electrochemical, field effect transistor, and pore impedance sensors. Optical methods include fluorescent frontal affinity chromatography, surface plasmon resonance methods, and fluorescent carbon nanotubes. After a very brief primer on glycobiology and its connection to medicine, these emerging systems are critically reviewed for their potential use as core sensors in future glycoprofiling tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel F Reuel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kilár A, Dörnyei Á, Kocsis B. Structural characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with mass spectrometry and on- and off-line separation techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:90-117. [PMID: 23165926 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this review is the application of mass spectrometry to the structural characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), also referred to as "endotoxins," because they elicit the strong immune response in infected organisms. Recently, a wide variety of MS-based applications have been implemented to the structure elucidation of LPS. Methodological improvements, as well as on- and off-line separation procedures, proved the versatility of mass spectrometry to study complex LPS mixtures. Special attention is given in the review to the tandem mass spectrometric methods and protocols for the analyses of lipid A, the endotoxic principle of LPS. We compare and evaluate the different ionization techniques (MALDI, ESI) in view of their use in intact R- and S-type LPS and lipid A studies. Methods for sample preparation of LPS prior to mass spectrometric analysis are also described. The direct identification of intrinsic heterogeneities of most intact LPS and lipid A preparations is a particular challenge, for which separation techniques (e.g., TLC, slab-PAGE, CE, GC, HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry are often necessary. A brief summary of these combined methodologies to profile LPS molecular species is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kilár
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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40
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Palmisano G, Larsen MR, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Structural analysis of glycoprotein sialylation – part II: LC-MS based detection. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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41
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Abstract
This chapter describes the utility of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) for the detection and characterization of glycoproteins and associated glycoconjugates. IM-MS provides separations in two dimensions; one on the basis of molecular surface area or structure, and the other on molecular mass which creates the ability to differentiate biomolecular classes and isobaric species. When applied to the characterization of glycoproteins, IM-MS separates peptides from the associated glycans in the same digest without purification, and can also be used to separate different isomeric glycans which is a significant challenge in current glycomic studies. The chapter details the methodologies to use IM-MS for the study of glycans and glycoproteins for an audience ranging from new and potential practitioners to those already utilizing the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S Fenn
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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42
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Casabuono AC, van der Ploeg CA, Rogé AD, Bruno SB, Couto AS. Characterization of lipid A profiles from Shigella flexneri variant X lipopolysaccharide. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2011-2020. [PMID: 22847700 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In developing countries, Shigella flexneri (Sf) is the major causative agent of the endemic shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) responsible annually for one million fatalities mostly among infants. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the outer membrane of the overwhelming majority of Gram-negative bacteria. Since lipid A is essential for the viability of the Gram-negative bacteria, it is subject to extensive chemical studies with new analytical techniques. METHODS Lipid A was released by mild acid hydrolysis from the lipopolysaccharide which was obtained via the phenol/water extraction, purified and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization laser-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-LID-MS/MS). RESULTS A detailed structural study of the whole lipid A obtained from S. flexneri variant X was carried out for the first time. Thus, we have shown that lipid A is a heterogeneous mixture having different numbers of acylated and phosphoethanolamine groups attached to the diglucosamine backbone. Furthermore, we found in the phenol phase an unusual hepta-acylated lipid A species, although the abundance was very low. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-TOF-MS allowed us to unravel the lipid A heterogeneity, which was not previously reported in Sf LPS. It is well known that slight variations of the chemical structure of lipid A may change its biological activity. Thus, the knowledge of the detailed chemical structure represents an essential step for further development of new preventive or therapeutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Casabuono
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Cs Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Cdad. Universitaria, Bs. As., Argentina
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Nishikaze T, Okumura H, Jinmei H, Amano J. Correlation between Sweet Spots of Glycopeptides and Polymorphism of the Matrix Crystal in MALDI Samples. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2012; 1:A0006. [PMID: 24349907 PMCID: PMC3775826 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A standard dried-droplet preparation using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) as the matrix results in a large variation in signal intensity and poor shot-to-shot reproducibility in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). We expected that the differences can be attributed to the nature of the crystal structures in the region of the "sweet spot" within the MALDI samples. 2,5-DHBA crystals with and without analytes on a target plate obtained by means of a dried-droplet preparation contain two polymorphs, which can be distinguished by Raman spectra. In comparing the Raman image with the MS image, a clear correlation between the signal distribution of glycopeptides and hydrophilic peptides and the specific crystal form of 2,5-DHBA could be made. The ionization of hydrophobic peptides appears to proceed in both types of polymorphic crystals. In addition, the derivatization of glycopeptides with a pyrene group enabled us to detect glycopeptides regardless the crystal form. As the result, the number of sweet spots increased and MS spectra with a high signal intensity were obtained. The results suggest that the introduction of a hydrophobic/aromatic moiety to glycopeptides results in a more successful MALDI analysis due to the effective incorporation of the analyte into matrix crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute
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44
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Gedda G, Gopal J, Wu HF. Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of extrapolysaccharides of Escherichia coli. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1609-1616. [PMID: 22693117 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Conventional studies of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) typically require elaborate separation procedures or complicated sample pretreatment processes such as purification by dialysis and lyophilization. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) as powerful techniques for direct analysis of EPS secreted by E. coli. METHODS We have compared the extraction efficiency of two widely used extraction methods including physical extraction (room-temperature centrifugation and high-speed centrifugation) and chemical extraction using EDTA and formaldehyde. We specify the most favorable extraction method and the analyte to extractant concentration with respect to mass spectrometric analysis of EPS, based on the results obtained from ESI-MS and MALDI-MS analysis. RESULTS Chemical extraction methods were found to be more efficient than physical extraction methods. Of the chemical extractants, EDTA was found more effective compared to formaldehyde and gave more EPS peaks during ESI- and MALDI-MS analysis. We report the classification of E. coli EPS into loosely bound, bound and tightly bound EPS based on a simple modification of an existing methodology. Our studies showed that ESI-MS was very effective for <300 Da EPS studies and MALDI-MS more suitable for rapid analysis of EPS above mass range 400 Da. CONCLUSIONS This is a preliminary study reporting for the first time the feasibility of ESI-MS and MALDI-MS techniques for the analysis of bacterial EPS without prior complicated purification and separation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Gedda
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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45
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Lavanant H, Loutelier-Bourhis C. Use of procaine and procainamide as derivatizing co-matrices for the analysis of oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1311-1319. [PMID: 22555924 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Analysis of oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry often yields only alkali metal cation adducts, which results in lower fragmentation yields and difficulty to retrieve sequence information. Derivatization by reductive amination may be used to promote Y-type glycosidic cleavages. However, this involves time-consuming preparations and purifications with sample loss. Here, procaine and procainamide were used directly as co-matrices with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). METHODS Acidified 10 g/L procaine hydrochloride or procainamide hydrochloride solutions in water/acetonitrile were added to the oligosaccharide solution one minute before preparing our MALDI targets using DHB with the dried-droplet method. This simple protocol resulted in deposits of very fine homogeneous crystals. RESULTS Positive ion mass spectra, easily acquired in an automated mode, presented a high percentage of oligosaccharides derivatized as Schiff base or glycosylamine notably detected as protonated molecules [M + H](+). The high abundance of procaine or procainamide on the target did not impede the ionization process, improved the signal-to-noise ratio and eliminated the need to search for 'sweet spots'. Fragmentation of the protonated precursor ions of the derivatives largely favored Y-type glycosidic cleavages. CONCLUSIONS This easy and fast sample preparation, involving low toxicity and easily accessible chemicals, allowed the selection of protonated molecules as precursor ions for post-source decay analyses. This opened the possibility of simplifying sequence retrieval in routine oligosaccharide analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lavanant
- Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6014, COBRA, FR3038, rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France.
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46
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Selman MHJ, Hoffmann M, Zauner G, McDonnell LA, Balog CIA, Rapp E, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of sialylated glycans and glycopeptides using 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid matrix. Proteomics 2012; 12:1337-48. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice H. J. Selman
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gerhild Zauner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Liam A. McDonnell
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Crina I. A. Balog
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - André M. Deelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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47
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Jeong HJ, Kim YG, Yang YH, Kim BG. High-throughput quantitative analysis of total N-glycans by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3453-60. [PMID: 22455307 DOI: 10.1021/ac203440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and reproducible quantification of glycans from protein drugs has become an important issue for quality control of therapeutic proteins in biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Mass spectrometry is a promising tool for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans owing to mass accuracy, efficiency, and reproducibility, but it has been of limited success in quantitative analysis for sialylated glycans in a high-throughput manner. Here, we present a solid-phase permethylation-based total N-glycan quantitative method that includes N-glycan releasing, purification, and derivatization on a 96-well plate platform. The solid-phase neutralization enabled us to perform reliable absolute quantification of the acidic N-glycans as well as neutral N-glycans from model glycoproteins (i.e., chicken ovalbumin and porcine thyroglobulin) by only using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Furthermore, low-abundance sialylated N-glycans from human serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), an extremely valuable prostate cancer marker, were initially quantified, and their chemical compositions were proposed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that our all-inclusive glycan preparation method based on a 96-well plate platform may contribute to the precise and reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering in College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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48
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Kawasaki K. Complexity of lipopolysaccharide modifications in Salmonella enterica: Its effects on endotoxin activity, membrane permeability, and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Simultaneous determination of substituent patterns in partially acid hydrolyzed O-Me/O-Me-d3-cellulose and quantification of the obtained oligomers by HPLC-ESI-MS. Carbohydr Res 2012; 348:55-63. [PMID: 22172659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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