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Zhang C, Liu Y, He L, Li W. Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Differentiation and Quantification Pidotimod and Its Three Isomers in the Gas Phase. Chirality 2024; 36:e23699. [PMID: 39034278 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Pidotimod is a chiral drug that possesses two chiral centers, resulting in three isomeric impurities (analytes, A). This study employs electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) through collision-induced dissociation (CID) to investigate the chiral recognition of pidotimod and its three isomers to eliminate chromatographic separation. Three approaches were explored: (1) Protonated molecules in CID exhibited discriminative potential for diastereomers, with the ability to distinguish between S,S and R,R configurations, albeit with an Rchiral value of ~1.8. However, differentiation between R,S and S,R configurations was not achievable. (2) Alkali adductions (lithium and sodium) only discerned diastereomers. The Rchiral values of the diastereomers obtained from alkali adduct ions were significantly lower than those obtained from protonated ions. (3) Therefore, a third approach was used to address the challenge of distinguishing between R,S and S,R configurations, including the introduction of chiral references (ref) and transition metals (MII) to form metal-bound complexes [MII(A)(ref)-H]+. Additionally, we synthesized a novel ligand, 4-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl [Boc]-L-prolinamido)phenol (denoted as ligand A), by modifying N-t-Boc-L-Pro with 2-aminophenol, which, in combination with CuII and NiII, enabled simultaneous differentiation of all four isomers. CuII complexes exhibited significant chiral selectivity between R,S and S,R configurations. Density functional theory calculations were performed to further elucidate the stereodynamic behavior and stoichiometry of these ions in the gas phase. These calculations revealed the interaction energy and coordination sites of the precursor ions in the gas phase, correlating well with MS/MS experiment results. Additionally, the logarithm of the CuII complexes' characteristic fragment ion abundance ratio demonstrated a strong linear relationship with enantiomeric excess (ee). This study presents a novel strategy for chiral drug quality control that eliminates chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhang
- Chemical Drugs Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chemical Drugs Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lan He
- Chemical Drugs Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
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2
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Carlo MJ, Nanney ALM, Patrick AL. Energy-Resolved In-Source Collison-Induced Dissociation for Isomer Discrimination. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39016059 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
While mass spectrometry remains a gold-standard tool for analyte detection, characterization, and quantitation, isomer differentiation is often a challenge. Tandem mass spectrometry is a common approach to increase the selectivity of mass spectrometry and energy-resolved measurements can provide further improvements. However, not all mass spectrometers, especially those that are very compact and affordable, are amenable to such experiments. For instance, single-stage mass spectrometers with soft ionization provide no dissociation information and quadrupole ion trap instruments with resonant excitation do not necessarily provide as informative of energy-resolved curves, for instance when extensive sequential dissociation is responsible for much of the "fingerprint". In-source collision-induced dissociation (IS-CID) is one approach to overcoming these barriers to exploit the analytical selectivity of energy-resolved CID without the need for additional instrumentation; this approach could broaden the reach of these selectivity gains to additional user bases (e.g., educational settings, field portable devices). Here, we specifically investigate energy-resolved IS-CID with the goal of (1) comparing between energy-resolved appearance curves measured with true tandem mass spectrometry on a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument and those obtained using IS-CID, (2) evaluating the approach as a means of differentiating isomers/isobar sets, especially those with similar dissociation patterns, and (3) exploring additional analytical considerations relevant to method development and implementation. This proof-of-concept work establishes the analytical potential of this approach, opening doors for future method development for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Andie L M Nanney
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Amanda L Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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3
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Liang Z, Guo Y, Diao X, Prentice BM. Enhancing Spatial Resolution in Tandem Mass Spectrometry Ion/Ion Reaction Imaging Experiments through Image Fusion. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 38954826 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We have recently developed a charge inversion ion/ion reaction to selectively derivatize phosphatidylserine lipids via gas-phase Schiff base formation. This tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) workflow enables the separation and detection of isobaric lipids in imaging mass spectrometry, but the images acquired using this workflow are limited to relatively poor spatial resolutions due to the current time and limit of detection requirements for these ion/ion reaction imaging mass spectrometry experiments. This trade-off between chemical specificity and spatial resolution can be overcome by using computational image fusion, which combines complementary information from multiple images. Herein, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept workflow that fuses a low spatial resolution (i.e., 125 μm) ion/ion reaction product ion image with higher spatial resolution (i.e., 25 μm) ion images from a full scan experiment performed using the same tissue section, which results in a predicted ion/ion reaction product ion image with a 5-fold improvement in spatial resolution. Linear regression, random forest regression, and two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2-D CNN) predictive models were tested for this workflow. Linear regression and 2D CNN models proved optimal for predicted ion/ion images of PS 40:6 and SHexCer d38:1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yingchan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Xizheng Diao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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4
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Chalet C, Rathahao-Paris E, Alves S. Single ion mobility monitoring (SIM 2) stitching method for high-throughput and high ion mobility resolution chiral analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05399-2. [PMID: 38935145 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Chiral analysis is of high interest in many fields such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals and metabolomics. Mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry are useful analytical tools, although they cannot be used as stand-alone methods. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for the enantiomer characterization of amino acids (AAs) using non-covalent copper complexes. A single ion mobility monitoring (SIM2) method was applied on a TIMS-ToF mass spectrometer to maximize the detection and mobility separation of isomers. Almost all of the 19 pairs of proteinogenic AA enantiomers could be separated with at least one combination with the chiral references L-Phe and L-Pro. Furthermore, we extended the targeted SIM2 method by stitching several mobility ranges, in order to be able to analyze complex mixtures in a single acquisition while maintaining high mobility resolution. Most of the enantiomeric pairs of AAs separated with the SIM2 method were also detected with this approach. The SIM2 stitching method thus opens the way to a more comprehensive chiral analysis with TIMS-ToF instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chalet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Paris, France
| | - Estelle Rathahao-Paris
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Paris, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sandra Alves
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Paris, France.
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5
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Reynolds AJ, Smith AM, Qiu TA. Detection, Quantification, and Isomer Differentiation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Using MALDI-TOF with Trapped Ion Mobility. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:317-325. [PMID: 38251632 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of organic compounds that have attracted global attention for their persistence in the environment, exposure to biological organisms, and their adverse health effects. There is an urgent need to develop analytical methodologies for the characterization of PFAS in various sample matrices. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) represents a chromatography-free MS method that performs laser-based ionization and in situ analysis on samples. In this study, we present PFAS analysis by MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) MS with trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), which provides an additional dimension of gas phase separation based on the size-to-charge ratios. MALDI matrix composition and key instrument parameters were optimized to produce different ranges of calibration curves. Parts per billion (ppb) range of calibration curves were achieved for a list of legacy and alternative perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) and perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), while ion mobility spectrum filtering enabled parts per trillion (ppt) range of calibration curves for PFSAs. We also successfully demonstrated the separation of three perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) structural isomers in the gas phase using TIMS. Our results demonstrated the new development of utilizing MALDI-TOF-MS coupled with TIMS for fast, quantitative, and sensitive analysis of PFAS, paving ways to future high-throughput and in situ analysis of PFAS such as MS imaging applications.
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Maroto A, Fouque DJD, Lartia R, Memboeuf A. LC-MS accurate quantification of a tryptic peptide co-eluted with an isobaric interference by using in-source collisional purification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7211-7221. [PMID: 37864586 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Interferences from isobaric and isomeric compounds represent a common problem in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this paper, in-source purification and chromatographic separation were combined with the aim of identifying isobaric contamination and quantifying accurately a compound despite the presence of an isobaric co-eluted interference. This is achieved by totally fragmenting in-source the precursor ions of the isobaric interference providing then LC-pseudo-MS2 capability, which allows an accurate quantification without the need for optimizing the chromatographic conditions to separate the co-eluted interference. To illustrate this concept, mixtures of tryptic and non-tryptic peptides were used. The ratio of peak areas of the tryptic peptide and its isotopically labelled internal standard was used not only for quantification with an internal standard calibration curve but also to know (1) if an isobaric interference co-eluted with the tryptic peptide; and (2) what is the minimum cone voltage necessary to ensure the complete removal of isobaric interference. This strategy was applied to quantify the tryptic peptide of two standards with known concentrations and, intentionally contaminated with the isobaric interference. The confidence intervals of the concentrations calculated with the internal standard calibration curve were 8.0 ± 0.5 μM (prepared at 8.0 μM) and 15.7 ± 0.5 μM (prepared at 16.1 μM) that confirm the tryptic peptide can be correctly quantified by in-source purification without the need for improving the chromatographic separation from its isobaric interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Maroto
- Univ Brest, CNRS, UMR 6521 CEMCA, F-29200, Brest, France
| | | | - Rémy Lartia
- Univ Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5250 DCM, F-38058, Grenoble, France
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7
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Wang S, Dauletyarov Y, Horke DA. High-Throughput UV Photoionization and Fragmentation of Neutral Biomolecules as a Structural Fingerprint. Molecules 2023; 28:5058. [PMID: 37446720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present UV photofragmentation studies of the structural isomers paracetamol, 3-Pyridinepropionic acid (3-PPIA) and (R)-(-)-2-Phenylglycine. In particular, we utilized a new laser-based thermal desorption source in combination with femtosecond multiphoton ionization at 343 nm and 257 nm. The continuous nature of our molecule source, combined with the 50 kHz repetition rate of the laser, allowed us to perform these experiments at high throughput. In particular, we present detailed laser intensity dependence studies at both wavelengths, producing 2D mass spectra with highly differential information about the underlying fragmentation processes. We show that UV photofragmentation produces highly isomer-specific mass spectra, and assign all major fragmentation pathways observed. The intensity-dependence measurements, furthermore, allowed us to evaluate the appearance intensities for each fragmentation channel, which helped to distinguish competing from consecutive fragmentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wang
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yerbolat Dauletyarov
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Horke
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Wang H, Wu F, Dai X, Fang X, Ding CF. Rapid discrimination of enantiomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry and chemical theoretical calculation: Chiral mandelic acid and its derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340725. [PMID: 36628725 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because R/S-mandelic acids (MA) and their derivatives are critical starting materials or intermediates in the synthesis of chiral drugs, their chirality discrimination is important. In this study, R/S-MA and its derivatives, including R/S-2-phenylpropionic acid (2-PPA), R/S-methoxyphenylaceticacid (MPA), and R/S-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (HPBA), were accurate simultaneous mobility-discriminated by forming diastereomer complexes for the first time, which were obtained by simply mixing with cyclodextrins (α, β, γ-CD) and transition-metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). The mass spectra revealed non-covalent diastereomer complexes formed by CD, enantiomers, and metal ions, and ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) was performed for 109 pairs of complexes. Significant chiral discrimination was observed in the formed diastereomeric complexes, and their separation peak-to-peak resolution (Rp-p) for the enantiomers depended on the transition metal ion type. In most cases, the Rp-p value gradually increases with CD size, with quaternary complexes having the largest Rp-p value. The greatest chiral distinctions of 2-PPA, MA, MPA, and HPBA were obtained by the diastereomeric complex ions of [(2-PPA)(α)2+Zn2+-H]+, [(MA)(α)2+Zn2+-H]+, [(MPA)2(β)+Co2+-H]+, and [(HPBA)(α)2+Fe2+-H]+, with Rp-p values of 1.35, 1.57, 1.70, and 0.71, respectively. Furthermore, the favorable conformation and collisional cross section (CCS) value of the different [CD + R/S-MA + Cu-H]+ complexes were measured using chemical theoretical calculations to detail their intermolecular interaction, revealing that [α-CD + R/S-MA + Cu-H]+ has two favored gas complexes, and the CCS calculated were consistent with the TIMS observed. In addition, R2 > 0.99 was obtained for the relative quantification of the chiral enantiomers. Overall, the proposed method provides a promising strategy for distinguishing the enantiomers of MA and their derivatives, with the advantages of simplicity, speed, and accuracy, without the need for complex chemical derivatization or chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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10
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Park CS, Kang M, Kim A, Moon C, Kim M, Kim J, Yang S, Jang L, Jang JY, Kim HH. Fragmentation stability and retention time-shift obtained by LC-MS/MS to distinguish sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers in therapeutic glycoproteins. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:305-314. [PMID: 37102108 PMCID: PMC10124117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylated N-glycan isomers with α2-3 or α2-6 linkage(s) have distinctive roles in glycoproteins, but are difficult to distinguish. Wild-type (WT) and glycoengineered (mutant) therapeutic glycoproteins, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig), were produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines; however, their linkage isomers have not been reported. In this study, N-glycans of CTLA4-Igs were released, labeled with procainamide, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify and quantify sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers. The linkage isomers were distinguished by comparison of 1) intensity of the N-acetylglucosamine ion to the sialic acid ion (Ln/Nn) using different fragmentation stability in MS/MS spectra and 2) retention time-shift for a selective m/z value in the extracted ion chromatogram. Each isomer was distinctively identified, and each quantity (>0.1%) was obtained relative to the total N-glycans (100%) for all observed ionization states. Twenty sialylated N-glycan isomers with only α2-3 linkage(s) in WT were identified, and each isomer's sum of quantities was 50.4%. Furthermore, 39 sialylated N-glycan isomers (58.8%) in mono- (3 N-glycans; 0.9%), bi- (18; 48.3%), tri- (14; 8.9%), and tetra- (4; 0.7%) antennary structures of mutant were obtained, which comprised mono- (15 N-glycans; 25.4%), di- (15; 28.4%), tri- (8; 4.8%), and tetra- (1; 0.2%) sialylation, respectively, with only α2-3 (10 N-glycans; 4.8%), both α2-3 and α2-6 (14; 18.4%), and only α2-6 (15; 35.6%) linkage(s). These results are consistent with those for α2-3 neuraminidase-treated N-glycans. This study generated a novel plot of Ln/Nn versus retention time to distinguish sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers in glycoprotein.
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11
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Xiong Z, Yang M, Chen X, Gong Y. Influence of Metal Coordination on the Gas-Phase Chemistry of the Positional Isomers of Fluorobenzoate Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2181-2190. [PMID: 36251055 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation behaviors of the o-, m-, and p-fluorobenzoate complexes of La3+, Ce3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and UO22+ were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the corresponding reaction mechanisms were explored by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Fluoride transfer product LaIIIFCl3-/CeIIIFCl3- and decarboxylation product LaIIICl3(C6H4F)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4F)- were observed when the carboxylate precursors LaIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)- were subjected to collision-induced dissociation. The variation in product ratios, which is not obvious in the meta and para cases, qualitatively follows the increasing overall energy barrier and reaction endothermicity of the two-step CO2/C6H4 elimination mechanism, and this aligns with the increase in U-F distance in the ortho, meta, and para decarboxylation product isomers. In contrast, the mass spectra of FeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CuIICl2(C6H4FCO2)- are dominated by the reduction product FeCl3-/CuCl2- regardless of the fluorobenzoate isomer. DFT/B3LYP calculations show that the two-step CO2/C6H4F elimination pathways are comparable in energy for all three positional isomers. It is energetically more favorable to give the reduction product than the fluoride transfer product, which is opposite to the lanthanum cases. Although the decarboxylation product was observed for all three UVIO2Cl2(C6H4FCO2)- isomers, the ortho isomer behaves more similarly to LaIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)- as evidenced by the formation of UVIO2FCl2-, and the appearance of UVO2Cl2- in the cases of the meta and para isomers indicates the similarity with FeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CuIICl2(C6H4FCO2)-. The shorter U-F distance in UVIO2Cl2(o-C6H4F)- causes the decrease in the fluoride transfer barrier and thus makes this process more favorable over o-C6H4F radical loss to give UVO2Cl2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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12
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Pallecchi M, Menicatti M, Braconi L, Supuran CT, Dei S, Teodori E, Bartolucci G. Application of LEDA algorithm for the recognition of P-glycoprotein and Carbonic Anhydrase hybrid inhibitors and evaluation of their plasma stability by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114887. [PMID: 35753165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of new candidate drugs produces a large number of compounds that must be qualified and tested to evaluate their characteristics and potential applications. Therefore, many studies will be scheduled and, consequently, it will be necessary to arrange specific, reliable, fast and relatively cheap analytic methods to support this research. The manuscript proposes a new approach in the HPLC-MS/MS analysis by using a sole chromatographic set up, tuned to minimize the run time, without requiring high efficiency or resolution between the analytes. The chromatographic column was used only to avoid or limit the interference of sample matrix towards the analyte ionization process (matrix-effects). Then, the MS/MS properties were explored to solve the signal assignment, by performing a series of energy resolved experiments to optimize the parameters and applying an interesting post-processing data elaboration tool (LEDA). The reliability of the new approach was evaluated in a chemical stability study in PBS and human plasma samples of a series of isomeric compounds P-glycoprotein/Carbonic Anhydrase (P-gp/CA) hybrid inhibitors. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness (reliability 97%-100%) of the LEDA algorithm to recognize and to separate the possible isomers present in the samples. The obtained matrix-effects values (ME 96%-106%) established that the chromatographic set up (short column and fast elution gradient) was proper to avoid the matrix interferences, while recovery values (RE 88%-108%) indicate a suitable sample preparation, despite only a protein precipitation was carried out. The quantitative performances of proposed HPLC-MS/MS methods showed an accuracy ranging between 92% and 108% and a precision lower than 13% that allows to be confident on the determination of new P-gp/CA hybrid inhibitors in the degradation study. Therefore, the general procedure proposed was found adequate to study a series of isomeric compounds without their chromatographic separation but only by applying and developing the MS/MS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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