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Christy AJ, Phillips ST. Closed-loop recyclable plastics from poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2295. [PMID: 36947613 PMCID: PMC10032590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl cyanoacrylate is a highly reactive monomer that has been used nearly exclusively to make Super Glue and related fast-setting adhesives. Here, we describe transformation of this highly abundant, readily available monomer into a closed-loop recyclable plastic that could supplant currently used (and often unrecycled/unrecyclable) plastics, such as poly(styrene). We report polymerization conditions, plastic-processing methods, and plastic-recycling protocols for poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) plastics that make the Super Glue monomer a viable starting material for a next generation of closed-loop recyclable plastics. The processes described are scalable, and the plastics can be recycled in a closed-loop process with >90% yields, even when combined with a heterogeneous mixture of other types of plastic.
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Wang HD, Xue CH, Ji ZY, Huang MC, Jiang ZH, Liu BY, Deng FQ, An QF, Guo XJ. Superhydrophobic Porous Coating of Polymer Composite for Scalable and Durable Daytime Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51307-51317. [PMID: 36320188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology provides an eco-friendly cooling strategy by reflecting sunlight reaching the surface and radiating heat underneath to the outer space through the atmospheric transparency window. However, PDRC materials face challenges in cooling performance degradation caused by outdoor contamination and requirements of easy fabrication approaches for scale-up and high cooling efficiency. Herein, a polymer composite coating of polystyrene, polydimethylsiloxane and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PS/PDMS/PECA) with superhydrophobicity and radiative cooling performance was fabricated and demonstrated to have sustained radiative cooling capability, utilizing the superhydrophobic self-cleaning property to maintain the optical properties of the coating surface. The prepared coating is hierarchically porous which exhibits an average solar reflectance of 96% with an average emissivity of 95% and superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 160°. The coating realized a subambient radiative cooling of 12.9 °C in sealed air and 7.5 °C in open air. The self-cleaning property of the PS/PDMS/PECA coating helped sustain the cooling capacity for long-term outdoor applications. Moreover, the coating exhibited chemical resistance, UV resistance, and mechanical durability, which has promising applications in wider fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Di Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Hua Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-You Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chen Huang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hao Jiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Ying Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Deng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Feng An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710021, People's Republic of China
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Analyzing the Mechanical Properties of Free-Standing PACA Thin Films Using Microindentation Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224863. [PMID: 36432991 PMCID: PMC9696112 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the mechanical properties of materials is of fundamental relevance for their rational usage, but can be challenging with standard tensile testing for highly brittle polymers used, e.g., as coatings. Here, a procedure for the mechanical analysis of free-standing poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) films using microindentation has been explored. Rigid and transparent films from PACA with various side chain compositions were formed on top of square polymer frames by in situ polymerization. Under microscopic control, the free-standing films were analyzed using a microelectromechanical sensing system. By this procedure, decreasing Young's moduli E for increasing PACA side chain length and flexibility were determined with strain at break εB between 0.36% for poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) and 4.6% for poly(methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate). Based on this successful application, the applied methodology may be relevant for characterizing various coating materials, which are otherwise hard to form as thin free-standing films, and using the data, e.g., in computationally assisted design and evaluation of hybrid material devices.
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Tarasova N, Krivoborodov E, Zanin A, Toropygin I, Pascal E, Dyatlov V, Mezhuev Y. Anionic Polymerization of Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylate Initiated by 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium (phosphonooxy-)oligosulfanide. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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UV-Blocking, Transparent, and Antioxidant Polycyanoacrylate Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092011. [PMID: 32899256 PMCID: PMC7564323 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of cyanoacrylate monomers are generally limited to adhesives/glues (instant or superglues) and forensic sciences. They tend to polymerize rapidly into rigid structures when exposed to trace amounts of moisture. Transforming cyanoacrylate monomers into transparent polymeric films or coatings can open up several new applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and have surgical uses. Like other acrylics, cyanoacrylate polymers are glassy and rigid. To circumvent this, we prepared transparent cyanoacrylate films by solvent casting from a readily biodegrade solvent, cyclopentanone. To improve the ductility of the films, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) biopolymer was used as an additive (maximum 5 wt.%) while maintaining transparency. Additionally, ductile films were functionalized with caffeic acid (maximum 2 wt.%), with no loss of transparency while establishing highly effective double functionality, i.e., antioxidant effect and effective UV-absorbing capability. Less than 25 mg antioxidant caffeic acid release per gram film was achieved within a 24-h period, conforming to food safety regulations. Within 2 h, films achieved 100% radical inhibition levels. Films displayed zero UVC (100–280 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm), and ~15% UVA (315–400 nm) radiation transmittance comparable to advanced sunscreen materials containing ZnO nanoparticles or quantum dots. Transparent films also exhibited promising water vapor and oxygen barrier properties, outperforming low-density polyethylene (LPDE) films. Several potential applications can be envisioned such as films for fatty food preservation, biofilms for sun screening, and biomedical films for free-radical inhibition.
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Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is constantly in need of new material development with improved biocompatibility or mechanical features closer to those of natural bone. Other important factors are the sustainability, cost, and origin of the natural precursors involved in the technological process. This study focused on two widely used polymers in tissue engineering, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as well as bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for the manufacturing of core-shell structures. In order to embed the ceramic particles on the polymeric filaments surface, the materials were introduced in an electrical oven at various temperatures and exposure times and under various pressing forces. The obtained core-shell structures were characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and a pull-out test was used to demonstrate the particles adhesion on the polymeric filaments structure. Thermal properties (modulated temperature and exposure time) and the pressing force’s influence upon HA particles’ insertion degree were evaluated. More to the point, the form variation factor and the mass variation led to the optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of core-shell materials for prospect additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine applications.
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Haryadi BM, Hafner D, Amin I, Schubel R, Jordan R, Winter G, Engert J. Nonspherical Nanoparticle Shape Stability Is Affected by Complex Manufacturing Aspects: Its Implications for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900352. [PMID: 31410996 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The shape of nanoparticles is known recently as an important design parameter influencing considerably the fate of nanoparticles with and in biological systems. Several manufacturing techniques to generate nonspherical nanoparticles as well as studies on in vitro and in vivo effects thereof have been described. However, nonspherical nanoparticle shape stability in physiological-related conditions and the impact of formulation parameters on nonspherical nanoparticle resistance still need to be investigated. To address these issues, different nanoparticle fabrication methods using biodegradable polymers are explored to produce nonspherical nanoparticles via the prevailing film-stretching method. In addition, systematic comparisons to other nanoparticle systems prepared by different manufacturing techniques and less biodegradable materials (but still commonly utilized for drug delivery and targeting) are conducted. The study evinces that the strong interplay from multiple nanoparticle properties (i.e., internal structure, Young's modulus, surface roughness, liquefaction temperature [glass transition (Tg ) or melting (Tm )], porosity, and surface hydrophobicity) is present. It is not possible to predict the nonsphericity longevity by merely one or two factor(s). The most influential features in preserving the nonsphericity of nanoparticles are existence of internal structure and low surface hydrophobicity (i.e., surface-free energy (SFE) > ≈55 mN m-1 , material-water interfacial tension <6 mN m-1 ), especially if the nanoparticles are soft (<1 GPa), rough (Rrms > 10 nm), porous (>1 m2 g-1 ), and in possession of low bulk liquefaction temperature (<100 °C). Interestingly, low surface hydrophobicity of nanoparticles can be obtained indirectly by the significant presence of residual stabilizers. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that nonsphericity of particle systems is highly dependent on surface chemistry but cannot be appraised separately from other factors. These results and reviews allot valuable guidelines for the design and manufacturing of nonspherical nanoparticles having adequate shape stability, thereby appropriate with their usage purposes. Furthermore, they can assist in understanding and explaining the possible mechanisms of nonspherical nanoparticles effectivity loss and distinctive material behavior at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Manuel Haryadi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Butenandtstraße 5 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Hafner
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Rene Schubel
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Butenandtstraße 5 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Julia Engert
- Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Butenandtstraße 5 81377 Munich Germany
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Masood MT, Zahid M, Goldoni L, Ceseracciu L, Athanassiou A, Bayer IS. Highly Transparent Polyethylcyanoacrylates from Approved Eco-Friendly Fragrance Materials Demonstrating Excellent Fog-Harvesting and Anti-Wear Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34573-34584. [PMID: 30199218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Superglue monomers belong to a family of cyanoacrylates that are known for their very rapid polymerization upon contact with moist surfaces. Their biodegradation and low toxicity make them attractive as medical and veterinary adhesives. Although the fast-acting polymerization characteristics have been successfully utilized to design nanoscale polymeric particles that can carry drugs or other inorganic nanoparticles, it constitutes a significant drawback if one desires to produce other forms of functional biodegradable acrylics, such as coatings, sheets, or nanocomposites. This is because rapid polymerization in air creates highly porous and brittle structures. Here, we address this drawback by reporting a simple and inexpensive method of fabricating highly transparent (>92%) polyethylcyanoacrylate (PECA) coatings by dispersing the monomer in a fragrance-classified green liquid, cyclopentanone. The resulting transparent coatings were hydrophilic but with slippery wetting characteristics, suitable as efficient fog-harvesting templates. Furthermore, another fragrance liquid, benzyl alcohol, is introduced as a plasticizer and co-solvent to overcome its brittleness while retaining its transparency. The same plasticized monomer solutions, dispersing low concentrations of graphene (<0.5 wt %), were allowed to self-assemble on stainless steel surfaces, forming low-friction and anti-wear dry lubricants by decreasing the steel friction coefficient and wear rate by 6- and 10-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tamoor Masood
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS) , Università degli studi di Genova , Via Opera Pia 13 , 16145 Genoa , Italy
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS) , Università degli studi di Genova , Via Opera Pia 13 , 16145 Genoa , Italy
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10
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Theodora C, Sara P, Silvio F, Alessandra B, Giuseppe T, Barbara V, Barbara C, Sabrina R, Silvia D, Stefania P, Mario M, Maria Luisa T, Maura F. Platelet lysate and adipose mesenchymal stromal cells on silk fibroin nonwoven mats for wound healing. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chlapanidas Theodora
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Perteghella Sara
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Faragò Silvio
- Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per L'industria, Silk Division; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Boschi Alessandra
- Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per L'industria, Silk Division; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Tripodo Giuseppe
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Vigani Barbara
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Crivelli Barbara
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Renzi Sabrina
- Cell Culture Center, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; Brescia 25124 Italy
| | - Dotti Silvia
- Cell Culture Center, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; Brescia 25124 Italy
| | - Preda Stefania
- Department of Drug Sciences; Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Marazzi Mario
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy; Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital; Milan 20162 Italy
| | - Torre Maria Luisa
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Ferrari Maura
- Cell Culture Center, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; Brescia 25124 Italy
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11
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Faragò S, Lucconi G, Perteghella S, Vigani B, Tripodo G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Boschi A, Faustini M, Vigo D, Chlapanidas T, Marazzi M, Torre ML. A dry powder formulation from silk fibroin microspheres as a topical auto-gelling device. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:453-62. [PMID: 25757645 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1022784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of establishing the formulation of a new hydrophilic auto-gelling medical device for biomedical applications, fibroin-based microspheres were prepared. The proposed microspheres were produced by a cost-effective and industrially scalable technique, such as the spray-drying. Spray-dried silk fibroin microspheres were obtained and the effects of different hydrophilic polymer on the process yield, microsphere morphology and conformation transition of fibroin were evaluated. The final auto-gelling formulations were obtained by adding calcium gluconate (as a calcium source for alginate crosslinking) to the prepared microspheres and tested by an in vitro gelling test. This study showed that the combination of fibroin with sodium alginate and poloxamer produced the most promising auto-gelling formulation for specific biomedical applications, such as the treatment of pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Faragò
- a Silk Division , Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulia Lucconi
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandra Boschi
- a Silk Division , Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria , Milan , Italy
| | - Massimo Faustini
- c Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy , and
| | - Daniele Vigo
- c Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy , and
| | | | - Mario Marazzi
- d Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, Niguarda Hospital , Milan , Italy
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Catenacci L, Mandracchia D, Sorrenti M, Colombo L, Serra M, Tripodo G. In-Solution Structural Considerations by1H NMR and Solid-State Thermal Properties of Inulin-d-α-Tocopherol Succinate (INVITE) Micelles as Drug Delivery Systems for Hydrophobic Drugs. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Bari “Aldo Moro”; Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Lino Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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Trajkovski B, Petersen A, Perka C, Scharnagl N, Wischke C, Wagermaier W, Lendlein A, Duda GN. Local drug delivery by personalized, intraoperative custom-made implant coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:950-63. [PMID: 23529921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Local administration of drugs can enhance regeneration, prevent infection, or treat postsurgical pain. If used in conjunction with implants, coating strategies should allow the choice of a drug or combination of drugs, their doses, localization, and release due to intraoperative considerations. Current coating technologies lack the ability for personalized medicine strategies. Here, we describe a new intraoperative strategy for drug delivery that allows a personalized approach as local drug delivery by implant coating. A polyvinylalcohol (PVA) patch provides rapid attachment to implant surfaces by cyanoacrylate (CA) adhesives. The CA polymerization was initiated by water uptake of the patch due to exposure to a humid environment. The coating strength depended on the type of the CA, the time of external pressing load and humidification, the properties of the patch and the implant surface. The CA adhesive penetrated and polymerized within the patch without impeding the bioactivity of the embedded molecules or strongly altering the protein release pattern after attachment to the implant surface. The use of CA in combination with the PVA patch proved to be noncytotoxic in vitro. This technology platform opens the possibility for personalized medicine to locally administer drugs due to intraoperative requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Trajkovski
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Polyalkylcyanoacrylates as in situ formed diffusion barriers in multimaterial drug carriers. J Control Release 2013; 169:321-8. [PMID: 23462672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels typically release their drug payload rapidly due to their high water content and the diffusivity for drug molecules. This study proposes a multimaterial system to sustain the release by covering the hydrogel with a poly(alkyl-2-cyanoacrylate) [PACA]-based film, which should be formed by an in situ polymerization on the hydrogel surface initiated upon contact with water. A series of PACA-hydrogel hybrid systems with increasing PACA side chain hydrophobicity was prepared using physically crosslinked alginate films and hydrophilic diclofenac sodium as model hydrogel/drug system. Successful synthesis of PACA at the hydrogel surface was confirmed and the PACA layer was identified to be most homogeneous for poly(n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) on both the micro- and nanolevel. At the same time, the diclofenac release from the hybrid systems was substantially sustained from ~1day for unmodified hydrogels up to >14days depending on the type of PACA employed as diffusion barrier. Overall, in situ polymerized PACA films on hydrogels may be widely applicable to various hydrogel matrices, different matrix sizes as well as more complex shaped hydrogel carriers.
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15
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Tripodo G, Wischke C, Lendlein A. Design of semi-interpenetrating networks based on poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) and oligo(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe synthesis of semi-interpenetrating networks (SIPN) based on linear poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) (PECA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (OEGDG) based polymer networks was motivated by the hypothesis that the brittleness of polycyanoacrylates may be overcome by incorporating them into a polymer network architecture. A sequential synthetic route was applied, in which first PECA was prepared by anionic polymerization. Subsequently, OEGDG was crosslinked with different anhydrides and curing catalysts to form networks with hydrolyzable ester bonds and interpenetrating PECA. These SIPNs showed a low water uptake compared to other polyether based networks. Some of the obtained materials were transparent and exhibited a great flexibility, which was maintained also after 24 h of immersion in water and subsequent drying. Such networks could be components of future stimuli-sensitive material systems.
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