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Comincini S, Manai F, Sorrenti M, Perteghella S, D’Amato C, Miele D, Catenacci L, Bonferoni MC. Development of Berberine-Loaded Nanoparticles for Astrocytoma Cells Administration and Photodynamic Therapy Stimulation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041078. [PMID: 37111564 PMCID: PMC10146331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is known for its antitumor activity and photosensitizer properties in anti-cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), and it has previously been favorably assayed against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-derived cells. In this work, two BBR hydrophobic salts, dodecyl sulfate (S) and laurate (L), have been encapsulated in PLGA-based nanoparticles (NPs), chitosan-coated by the addition of chitosan oleate in the preparation. NPs were also further functionalized with folic acid. All the BBR-loaded NPs were efficiently internalized into T98G GBM established cells, and internalization increased in the presence of folic acid. However, the highest mitochondrial co-localization percentages were obtained with BBR-S NPs without folic acid content. In the T98G cells, BBR-S NPs appeared to be the most efficient in inducing cytotoxicity events and were therefore selected to assess the effect of photodynamic stimulation (PDT). As a result, PDT potentiated the viability reduction for the BBR-S NPs at all the studied concentrations, and a roughly 50% reduction of viability was obtained. No significant cytotoxic effect on normal rat primary astrocytes was observed. In GBM cells, a significant increase in early and late apoptotic events was scored by BBR NPs, with a further increase following the PDT scheme. Furthermore, a significantly increased depolarization of mitochondria was highlighted following BBR-S NPs’ internalization and mostly after PDT stimulation, compared to untreated and PDT-only treated cells. In conclusion, these results highlighted the efficacy of the BBR-NPs-based strategy coupled with photoactivation approaches to induce favorable cytotoxic effects in GBM cells.
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Petretto GL, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Sericin/crocetin micro/nanoparticles for nucleus pulposus cells regeneration: An “active” drug delivery system. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129882. [PMID: 36969863 PMCID: PMC10036567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Initiation and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration are linked to oxidative stress, with reactive oxygen species being a key factor. Therefore, as a potentially novel approach able to regenerate the damaged intervertebral disk, this work aimed to prepare an “active per sé” drug delivery system by combining sericin and crocetin: both are bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant and regenerative properties.Methods: In detail, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a cross-linker; then, the nanoparticle dispersions were dried by spray drying as it is (NP), with an excess of sericin (NPS) or crocin/crocetin (NPMix), obtaining three microparticle formulations.Results and Discussion: Before drying, the nanoparticles were nanometric (about 250 nm), with a negative surface charge, and appeared spherical and smooth. Following the drying process, spherical and smooth microparticles were obtained, with a mean diameter of about 1.7–2.30 μm. NPMix was the most active in antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, likely due to the excess of crocin/crocetin, while NPS had the best anti-elastase activity, likely due to sericin in excess. Furthermore, all the formulations could prevent oxidative stress damage on nucleus pulposus cells, with NPMix being the best. Overall, the intrinsic anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities and the ability to protect from oxidative stress-induced damages justify future investigations of these “active per sé” formulations in treating or preventing intervertebral disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Rassu,
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Perteghella S, Garzoni A, Invernizzi A, Sorrenti M, Boselli C, Icaro Cornaglia A, Dondi D, Lazzaroni S, Marrubini G, Caramella C, Catenacci L, Bonferoni MC. Nanoemulsions of Clove Oil Stabilized with Chitosan Oleate-Antioxidant and Wound-Healing Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020273. [PMID: 36829832 PMCID: PMC9952436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clove oil (CO) is a powerful antioxidant essential oil (EO) with anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, and anti-infective properties. It can be therefore considered a good candidate for wound-healing applications, especially for chronic or diabetic wounds or burns, where the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification is altered. However, EOs require suitable formulations to be efficiently administered in moist wound environments. Chitosan hydrophobically modified by an ionic interaction with oleic acid (chitosan oleate, CSO) was used in the present work to stabilize CO nanoemulsions (NEs). The dimensions of the NE were maintained at around 300 nm as the volume distribution for up to six months, and the CO content did not decrease to under 80% over 4 months, confirming the good stabilizing properties of CSO. The antioxidant properties of the CO NE were evaluated in vitro by a 2,2-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assay, and in fibroblast cell lines by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) as a spin trap; a protective effect was obtained comparable to that obtained with α-tocopherol treatment. In a murine burn model, the ability of CO formulations to favor macroscopic wound closure was evidenced, and a histological analysis revealed a positive effect of the CO NE on the reparation of the lesion after 18 days. Samples of wounds at 7 days were subjected to a histological analysis and parallel dosage of lipid peroxidation by means of a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay, confirming the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the CO NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Garzoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Invernizzi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Boselli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Lazzaroni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Caramella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Bari E, Di Gravina GM, Scocozza F, Perteghella S, Frongia B, Tengattini S, Segale L, Torre ML, Conti M. Silk Fibroin Bioink for 3D Printing in Tissue Regeneration: Controlled Release of MSC extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020383. [PMID: 36839705 PMCID: PMC9959026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium alginate (SA)-based hydrogels are often employed as bioink for three-dimensional (3D) scaffold bioprinting. They offer a suitable environment for cell proliferation and differentiation during tissue regeneration and also control the release of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cell secretome, which is useful for scaffold biointegration. However, such hydrogels show poor mechanical properties, fast-release kinetics, and low biological performance, hampering their successful clinical application. In this work, silk fibroin (SF), a protein with excellent biomechanical properties frequently used for controlled drug release, was blended with SA to obtain improved bioink and scaffold properties. Firstly, we produced a printable SA solution containing SF capable of the conformational change from Silk I (random coil) to Silk II (β-sheet): this transition is a fundamental condition to improve the scaffold's mechanical properties. Then, the SA-SF blends' printability and shape fidelity were demonstrated, and mechanical characterization of the printed hydrogels was performed: SF significantly increased compressive elastic modulus, while no influence on tensile response was detected. Finally, the release profile of Lyosecretome-a freeze-dried formulation of MSC-secretome containing extracellular vesicles (EV)-from scaffolds was determined: SF not only dramatically slowed the EV release rate, but also modified the kinetics and mechanism release with respect to the baseline of SA hydrogel. Overall, these results lay the foundation for the development of SA-SF bioinks with modulable mechanical and EV-release properties, and their application in 3D scaffold printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Maria Di Gravina
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Scocozza
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- PharmaExceed s.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Frongia
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorena Segale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
- PharmaExceed s.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Conti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Bari E, Ferrera F, Altosole T, Perteghella S, Mauri P, Rossi R, Passignani G, Mastracci L, Galati M, Astone GI, Mastrogiacomo M, Castagnola P, Fenoglio D, Di Silvestre D, Torre ML, Filaci G. Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005916. [PMID: 36697251 PMCID: PMC9950976 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current challenge for immunotherapies is to generate effective antitumor immunity. Since tumor immune escape mechanisms do not impact pre-existing and consolidated immune responses, we tested the hypothesis of redirecting a pregenerated immunity to cancer: to recall a non-tumor antigen response against the tumor, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been selected as 'Trojan-horse' carriers, promoting the antigen uptake by the tumor cells. METHODS SFNs have been loaded with either ovalbumin (OVA) or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) as antigen or adjuvant, respectively. In vitro uptake of SFNs by tumor (B16/F10 melanoma and MB49 bladder cancer) or dendritic cells, as well as the presence of OVA-specific T cells in splenic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, were assessed by cytometric analyses. Proof-of-concept of in vivo efficacy was achieved in an OVA-hyperimmune B16/F10 murine melanoma model: SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG were injected, separately or in association, into the subcutaneous peritumoral area. Cancer dimensions/survival time were monitored, while, at the molecular level, system biology approaches based on graph theory and experimental proteomic data were performed. RESULTS SFNs were efficiently in vitro uptaken by cancer and dendritic cells. In vivo peritumor administration of SFNs-OVA redirected OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells intratumorally. Proteomics and systems biology showed that peritumoral treatment with either SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG dramatically modified tumor microenvironment with respect to the control (CTR), mainly involving functional modules and hubs related to angiogenesis, inflammatory mediators, immune function, T complex and serpins expression, redox homeostasis, and energetic metabolism. Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG significantly delayed melanoma growth/survival time, and their effect was additive. CONCLUSIONS Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG induce effective anticancer response through complementary mechanisms and show the efficacy of an innovative active immunotherapy approach based on the redirection of pre-existing immunity against cancer cells. This approach could be universally applied for solid cancer treatments if translated into the clinic using re-call antigens of childhood vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Tiziana Altosole
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy,PharmaExceed S.r.l, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giulia Passignani
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy,Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Martina Galati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Iliana Astone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Daniela Fenoglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy,Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Piemonte, Italy,PharmaExceed S.r.l, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy .,Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy
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Bari E, Scocozza F, Perteghella S, Segale L, Sorlini M, Auricchio F, Conti M, Torre ML. Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Controlled Release Scaffold Containing Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Lyosecretome for Bone Regeneration: Sterile Manufacturing and In Vitro Biological Efficacy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051063. [PMID: 35625800 PMCID: PMC9138797 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, 3D-printed scaffolds for the controlled release of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) freeze-dried secretome (Lyosecretome) have been proposed to enhance scaffold osteoinduction and osteoconduction; coprinting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with alginate hydrogels allows adequate mechanical strength to be combined with the modulable kinetics of the active principle release. This study represents the feasibility study for the sterile production of coprinted scaffolds and the proof of concept for their in vitro biological efficacy. Sterile scaffolds were obtained, and Lyosecretome enhanced their colonization by MSCs, sustaining differentiation towards the bone line in an osteogenic medium. Indeed, after 14 days, the amount of mineralized matrix detected by alizarin red was significantly higher for the Lyosecretome scaffolds. The amount of osteocalcin, a specific bone matrix protein, was significantly higher at all the times considered (14 and 28 days) for the Lyosecretome scaffolds. Confocal microscopy further confirmed such results, demonstrating improved osteogenesis with the Lyosecretome scaffolds after 14 and 28 days. Overall, these results prove the role of MSC secretome, coprinted in PCL/alginate scaffolds, in inducing bone regeneration; sterile scaffolds containing MSC secretome are now available for in vivo pre-clinical tests of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Franca Scocozza
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.)
- P4P S.r.l., Via Scapolla 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Lorena Segale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, SUPSI, Lugano University Centre, Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.)
- P4P S.r.l., Via Scapolla 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Conti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.)
- P4P S.r.l., Via Scapolla 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, Catenacci L, Conti B, Dorati R, Ferrari F, Genta I, Modena T, Perteghella S, Rossi S, Sandri G, Sorrenti M, Torre ML, Tripodo G. Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration: A Focus on Italian Research in the Field. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091341. [PMID: 34575417 PMCID: PMC8471088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is an interdisciplinary field focusing on developing bioactive substitutes aimed at restoring pristine functions of damaged, diseased tissues. Biomaterials, intended as those materials compatible with living tissues after in vivo administration, play a pivotal role in this area and they have been successfully studied and developed for several years. Namely, the researches focus on improving bio-inert biomaterials that well integrate in living tissues with no or minimal tissue response, or bioactive materials that influence biological response, stimulating new tissue re-growth. This review aims to gather and introduce, in the context of Italian scientific community, cutting-edge advancements in biomaterial science applied to tissue repair and regeneration. After introducing tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials such as collagen, polysaccharides, silk proteins, polyesters and their derivatives, characterized by the most promising outputs in biomedical science. Attention is pointed out also to those biomaterials exerting peculiar activities, e.g., antibacterial. The regulatory frame applied to pre-clinical and early clinical studies is also outlined by distinguishing between Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and Medical Devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bice Conti
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (B.C.); (F.F.)
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Mocchi M, Bari E, Marrubini G, Bonda AF, Perteghella S, Tartara F, Cofano F, Perna GD, Giovannelli L, Mandracchia D, Sorlini M, Garbossa D, Torre ML, Segale L. Freeze-Dried Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secretome Pharmaceuticalization: Optimization of Formulation and Manufacturing Process Robustness. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081129. [PMID: 34452088 PMCID: PMC8401234 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Producing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome for dose escalation studies and clinical practice requires scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant production procedures and formulation into a standardized medicinal product. Starting from a method that combines ultrafiltration and freeze-drying to transform MSC-secretome into a pharmaceutical product, the lyosecretome, this work aims to: (i) optimize the lyosecretome formulation; (ii) investigate sources of variability that can affect the robustness of the manufacturing process; (iii) modify the ultrafiltration step to obtain a more standardized final product. Design of experiments and principal component analysis of the data were used to study the influence of batch production, lyophilization, mannitol (M)/sucrose (S) binary mixture, selected as cryoprotectant excipients, and the total amount of excipients on the extracellular vesicles (EV) particle size, the protein and lipid content and the in vitro anti-elastase. The different excipients ratios did not affect residual moisture or EV particle size; simultaneously, proteins and lipids were better preserved in the freeze-dried product using the maximum total concentration of excipients (1.5% w/v) with a M:S ratio of about 60% w/w. The anti-elastase activity was instead better preserved using 0.5% w/w of M as excipient. The secretome batch showed to be the primary source of variability; therefore, the manufacturing process has been modified and then validated: the final product is now concentrated to reach a specific protein (and lipid) concentration instead of cell equivalent concentration. The new standardization approach led to a final product with more reproducible quali-quantitative composition and higher biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Mocchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Andrea Foglio Bonda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.F.B.); (L.G.); (L.S.)
- APTsol S.r.l., Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Tartara
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Mondino, Via Mondino 2, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Neuroscience Department “Rita Levi Montalcini” Via Cherasco 15, I-10126 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (G.d.P.); (D.G.)
- Vertebral Surgery Unit, Humanitas Gradenigo, Corso Regina Margherita 8, I-10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Perna
- Neuroscience Department “Rita Levi Montalcini” Via Cherasco 15, I-10126 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (G.d.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Lorella Giovannelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.F.B.); (L.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
- SUPSI-Department of Innovative Technologies, Lugano University Centre, Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neuroscience Department “Rita Levi Montalcini” Via Cherasco 15, I-10126 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (G.d.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Piazza Castello 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987779
| | - Lorena Segale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.F.B.); (L.G.); (L.S.)
- APTsol S.r.l., Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy
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9
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Bari E, Ferrarotti I, Saracino L, Perteghella S, Torre ML, Richeldi L, Corsico AG. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: A New Therapy to Treat the Long-Term Lung Sequelae? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051203. [PMID: 34068958 PMCID: PMC8155949 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, more than 100 million people worldwide have recovered from COVID-19. Unfortunately, although the virus is eradicated in such patients, fibrotic irreversible interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis, PF) is clinically evident. Given the vast numbers of individuals affected, it is urgent to design a strategy to prevent a second wave of late mortality associated with COVID-19 PF as a long-term consequence of such a devastating pandemic. Available antifibrotic therapies, namely nintedanib and pirfenidone, might have a role in attenuating profibrotic pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection but are not economically sustainable by national health systems and have critical adverse effects. It is our opinion that the mesenchymal stem cell secretome could offer a new therapeutic approach in treating COVID-19 fibrotic lungs through its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Laura Saracino
- Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Complex Operative Unit of Pneumology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.G.C.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Obinu A, Bari E, Mandracchia D, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Crocetin as New Cross-Linker for Bioactive Sericin Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050680. [PMID: 34065101 PMCID: PMC8150760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nose-to-brain delivery route is used to bypass the blood–brain barrier and deliver drugs directly into the brain. Over the years, significant signs of progress have been made in developing nano-drug delivery systems to address the very low drug transfer levels seen with conventional formulations (e.g., nasal solutions). In this paper, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a new bioactive natural cross-linker (NPc) and compared to sericin nanoparticles prepared with glutaraldehyde (NPg). The mean diameter of NPc and NPg was about 248 and 225 nm, respectively, and suitable for nose-to-brain delivery. The morphological investigation revealed that NPc are spherical-like particles with a smooth surface, whereas NPg seem small and rough. NPc remained stable at 4 °C for 28 days, and when freeze-dried with 0.1% w/v of trehalose, the aggregation was prevented. The use of crocetin as a natural cross-linker significantly improved the in vitro ROS-scavenging ability of NPc with respect to NPg. Both formulations were cytocompatible at all the concentrations tested on human fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells and protected them against oxidative stress damage. In detail, for NPc, the concentration of 400 µg/mL resulted in the most promising to maintain the cell metabolic activity of fibroblasts higher than 90%. Overall, the results reported in this paper support the employment of NPc as a nose-to-brain drug delivery system, as the brain targeting of antioxidants is a potential tool for the therapy of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-7922-8735
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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11
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Bari E, Roato I, Perale G, Rossi F, Genova T, Mussano F, Ferracini R, Sorlini M, Torre ML, Perteghella S. Biohybrid Bovine Bone Matrix for Controlled Release of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Lyosecretome: A Device for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4064. [PMID: 33920046 PMCID: PMC8071018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SmartBone® (SB) is a biohybrid bone substitute advantageously proposed as a class III medical device for bone regeneration in reconstructive surgeries (oral, maxillofacial, orthopedic, and oncology). In the present study, a new strategy to improve SB osteoinductivity was developed. SB scaffolds were loaded with lyosecretome, a freeze-dried formulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome, containing proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Lyosecretome-loaded SB scaffolds (SBlyo) were prepared using an absorption method. A burst release of proteins and EVs (38% and 50% after 30 min, respectively) was observed, and then proteins were released more slowly with respect to EVs, most likely because they more strongly adsorbed onto the SB surface. In vitro tests were conducted using adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) plated on SB or SBlyo. After 14 days, significant cell proliferation improvement was observed on SBlyo with respect to SB, where cells filled the cavities between the native trabeculae. On SB, on the other hand, the process was still present, but tissue formation was less organized at 60 days. On both scaffolds, cells differentiated into osteoblasts and were able to mineralize after 60 days. Nonetheless, SBlyo showed a higher expression of osteoblast markers and a higher quantity of newly formed trabeculae than SB alone. The quantification analysis of the newly formed mineralized tissue and the immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SBlyo induces bone formation more effectively. This osteoinductive effect is likely due to the osteogenic factors present in the lyosecretome, such as fibronectin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A, and TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, I-10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Via Cantonale 67, CH-6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland (USI), Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy;
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10123 Torino, Italy;
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, I-10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- SUPSI—Department of Innovative Technologies, Lugano University Centre, Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Viganello, Switzerland;
- PharmaExceed Srl, Piazza Castello 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed Srl, Piazza Castello 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed Srl, Piazza Castello 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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Bari E, Scocozza F, Perteghella S, Sorlini M, Auricchio F, Torre ML, Conti M. 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds Containing Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Lyosecretome: Next Generation Controlled Release Device for Bone Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:515. [PMID: 33918073 PMCID: PMC8070453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a consolidated scaffold manufacturing technique for bone regenerative medicine. Simultaneously, the mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) secretome is osteoinductive, promoting scaffold colonization by cells, proliferation, and differentiation. The present paper combines 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with lyosecretome, a freeze-dried formulation of MSC secretome, containing proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We designed a lyosecretome 3D-printed scaffold by two loading strategies: (i) MSC secretome adsorption on 3D-printed scaffold and (ii) coprinting of PCL with an alginate-based hydrogel containing MSC secretome (at two alginate concentrations, i.e., 6% or 10% w/v). A fast release of proteins and EVs (a burst of 75% after 30 min) was observed from scaffolds obtained by absorption loading, while coprinting of PCL and hydrogel, encapsulating lyosecretome, allowed a homogeneous loading of protein and EVs and a controlled slow release. For both loading modes, protein and EV release was governed by diffusion as revealed by the kinetic release study. The secretome's diffusion is influenced by alginate, its concentration, or its cross-linking modes with protamine due to the higher steric hindrance of the polymer chains. Moreover, it is possible to further slow down protein and EV release by changing the scaffold shape from parallelepiped to cylindrical. In conclusion, it is possible to control the release kinetics of proteins and EVs by changing the composition of the alginate hydrogel, the scaffold's shape, and hydrogel cross-linking. Such scaffold prototypes for bone regenerative medicine are now available for further testing of safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Franca Scocozza
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.)
- P4P S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- SUPSI—Department of Innovative Technologies, Lugano University Centre, 6962 Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.)
- P4P S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Michele Conti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.)
- P4P S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Perteghella S, Mandracchia D, Torre ML, Trapani A, Milanese C, Tripodo G. Combination of inulin and β-cyclodextrin properties for colon delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119861. [PMID: 32911044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Colon drug delivery is aimed at the administration of selected drugs to act locally or even systematically. Corticosteroid drugs are often used exerting even pronounced side effects due to systemic absorption. Here a new drug delivery system (DDS) based on the chemical conjugation of β-cyclodextrin to inulin to form the INUCD bioconjugate is described. It was designed with the aim to provide this DDS with colon degradable portions (inulin) which degradation products have direct beneficial effects on the well-being of the colon and with a carrier that can solubilize hydrophobic drugs (β-cyclodextrin). This system was specifically designed to promote a local/topical activity with a significant reduction of the drug systemic absorption. The INUCD bioconjugate was obtained by a simple chemistry binding β-cyclodextrin to an inulin succinate previously synthesized. The bioconjugate was then characterized in terms of physicochemical properties by ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC and TGA, DLS and SEM. Furthermore phase-solubility test by using curcumin as a model drug were performed as well as biologic evaluations for cytocompatibility and drug transport across in vitro simulated physiological barriers. Moreover enzymatic degradation studies by inulinase were performed. From the gained results a predictable local drug release of the payload could be attained so allowing a local delivery of e.g. corticosteroids thus avoiding a systemic absorption especially in prolonged therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa 11, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria L Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Pharmacy, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- University of Pavia, Department of Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Bari E, Di Silvestre D, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Grisoli P, Marrubini G, Nardini M, Mastrogiacomo M, Sorlini M, Rossi R, Torre ML, Mauri P, Sesana G, Perteghella S. GMP-compliant sponge-like dressing containing MSC lyo-secretome: Proteomic network of healing in a murine wound model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:37-48. [PMID: 32784044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds account for 3% of total healthcare expenditure of developed countries; thus, innovative therapies, including Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) end their exosomes are increasingly considered, even if the activity depends on the whole secretome, made of both soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles. In this work, we prove for the first time the in vivo activity of the whole secretome formulated in a sponge-like alginate wound dressing to obtain the controlled release of bioactive substances. The product has been prepared in a public GMP-compliant facility by a scalable process; based on the murine model, treated wounds healed faster than controls without complications or infections. The treatment induced a higher acute inflammatory process in a short time and sustained the proliferative phase by accelerating fibroblast migration, granulation tissue formation, neovascularization and collagen deposition. The efficacy was substantially supported by the agreement between histological and proteomic findings. In addition to functional modules related to proteolysis, complement and coagulation cascades, protein folding and ECM remodeling, in treated skin, emerged the role of specific wound healing related proteins, including Tenascin (Tnc), Decorin (Dcn) and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Of note, Decorin and Tenascin were also components of secretome, and network analysis suggests a potential role in regulating EGFR. Although further experiments will be necessary to characterize better the molecular keys induced by treatment, overall, our results confirm the whole secretome efficacy as novel "cell-free therapy". Also, sponge-like topical dressing containing the whole secretome, GMP- compliant and "ready-off-the-shelf", may represent a relevant point to facilitate its translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- University of Genoa, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- University of Genoa, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Experimental Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Grisoli
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Nardini
- University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., Pavia, Italy; University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia, Italy; PharmaExceed S.r.l., Pavia, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sesana
- Tissue Bank and Tissue Therapy Unit, Emergency and Acceptance Department, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia, Italy; PharmaExceed S.r.l., Pavia, Italy
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15
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Bari E, Ferrarotti I, Saracino L, Perteghella S, Torre ML, Corsico AG. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Severe COVID-19 Infections: Premises for the Therapeutic Use. Cells 2020; 9:E924. [PMID: 32283815 PMCID: PMC7226831 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
From the end of 2019, the world population has been faced the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19 infection. In approximately 14% of the patients affected by the novel coronavirus, the infection progresses with the development of pneumonia that requires mechanical ventilation. At the moment, there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for the COVID-19 pandemic and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive. In our opinion, mesenchymal stem cell secretome could offer a new therapeutic approach in treating COVID-19 pneumonia, due to the broad pharmacological effects it shows, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, regenerative, pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Laura Saracino
- Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.G.C.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Nardini M, Perteghella S, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Marrubini G, Bari E, Formica M, Gentili C, Cancedda R, Torre ML, Mastrogiacomo M. Growth Factors Delivery System for Skin Regeneration: An Advanced Wound Dressing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020120. [PMID: 32028579 PMCID: PMC7076531 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments of chronic skin ulcers based on the direct application of dressings still present several limits with regard to a complete tissue regeneration. Innovative strategies in tissue engineering offer materials that can tune cell behavior and promote growth tissue favoring cell recruitment in the early stages of wound healing. A combination of Alginate (Alg), Sericin (SS) with Platelet Lysate (PL), as a freeze-dried sponge, is proposed to generate a bioactive wound dressing to care skin lesions. Biomembranes at different composition were tested for the release of platelet growth factors, cytotoxicity, protective effects against oxidative stress and cell proliferation induction. The highest level of the growth factors release occurred within 48 h, an optimized time to burst a healing process in vivo; the presence of SS differently modulated the release of the factors by interaction with the proteins composing the biomembranes. Any cytotoxicity was registered, whereas a capability to protect cells against oxidative stress and induce proliferation was observed when PL was included in the biomembrane. In a mouse skin lesion model, the biomembranes with PL promoted the healing process, inducing an accelerated and more pronounced burst of inflammation, formation of granulation tissue and new collagen deposition, leading to a more rapid skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nardini
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Biotherapy Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.); (M.F.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.); (M.F.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Matteo Formica
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.); (M.F.)
- Orthopedic Clinic, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Center for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Endolife S.r.l., Piazza della Vittoria 15/23, 16121 Genova, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Biotherapy Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Center for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-555-8203
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Corti M, Calleri E, Perteghella S, Ferrara A, Tamma R, Milanese C, Mandracchia D, Brusotti G, Torre ML, Ribatti D, Auricchio F, Massolini G, Tripodo G. Polyacrylate/polyacrylate-PEG biomaterials obtained by high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with tailorable drug release and effective mechanical and biological properties. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 105:110060. [PMID: 31546370 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper focuses on the preparation of polyacrylate based biomaterials designed as patches for dermal/transdermal drug delivery using materials obtained by the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) technique. In particular, butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate were selected, respectively, as backbone and functional monomer while two different crosslinkers, bifunctional or trifunctional, were used to form the covalent network. The influence of PEG on the main properties of the materials was also investigated. The obtained materials show a characteristic and interconnected internal structure as confirmed by SEM studies. By an industrial point of view, an interesting feature of this system is that it can be shaped as needed, in any form and thickness. The physiochemically characterized materials showed a tailorable curcumin (model of hydrophobic drugs) drug release, effective mechanical properties and cell viability and resulted neither pro nor anti-angiogenic as demonstrated in vivo by the chick embryo choriallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Based on these results, the obtained polyHIPEs could be proposed as devices for dermal/transdermal drug delivery and/or for the direct application on wounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Corti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrara
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Gloria Brusotti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12-14, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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18
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Bari E, Ferrarotti I, Torre ML, Corsico AG, Perteghella S. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell secretome for lung regeneration: The long way through "pharmaceuticalization" for the best formulation. J Control Release 2019; 309:11-24. [PMID: 31326462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary acute and chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension, are considered to be major health issues worldwide. Cellular therapies with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) offer a new therapeutic approach for chronic and acute lung diseases related to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, regenerative, pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties. Such therapeutic effects can be attributed to MSC-secretome, made of free soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review summarizes the recent findings related to the efficacy and safety of MSC-derived products in pre-clinical models of lung diseases, pointing out the biologically active substances contained into MSC-secretome and their mechanisms involved in tissue regeneration. A perspective view is then provided about the missing steps required for the secretome "pharmaceuticalization" into a high quality, safe and effective medicinal product, as well as the formulation strategies required for EV non-invasive route of administration, such as inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Dept of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy; PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Dept of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy; PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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19
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Crivelli B, Bari E, Perteghella S, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Mocchi M, Faragò S, Tripodo G, Prina-Mello A, Torre ML. Silk fibroin nanoparticles for celecoxib and curcumin delivery: ROS-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Catenacci L, Sorlini M, Croce S, Mantelli M, Avanzini MA, Sorrenti M, Torre ML. Freeze-dried and GMP-compliant pharmaceuticals containing exosomes for acellular mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulant therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:753-765. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To validate the use of ultrafiltration (UF) as an alternative applicable industrial method to replace ultracentrifugation (UC) in the purification of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-secretome. Materials & methods: Pharmaceutical formulations containing secretome and/or extracellular vesicles were extracted from adipose-MSCs and bone marrow-MSCs by combining UF or UC with lyophilization. Results & conclusion: UF led to higher protein, lipid, cytokine and exosomes yields compared with UC. The isolation procedure and cell source influenced immunomodulatory activity, which was in vitro evaluated by inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, and by modulation of IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-6. A secretome dosage was identified to obtain the same immunomodulatory activity of MSCs, paving the way for cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- SUPSI, Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences & Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Pobiette 11, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Croce
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Melissa Mantelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory/Pediatric Surgery, Cell Factory & Regenerative Medicine Research Center, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria A Avanzini
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory/Pediatric Surgery, Cell Factory & Regenerative Medicine Research Center, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria L Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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21
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Tripodo G, Perteghella S, Grisoli P, Trapani A, Torre ML, Mandracchia D. Drug delivery of rifampicin by natural micelles based on inulin: Physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity and human macrophages uptake. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:250-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Faragò S, Torre ML. Association of silk sericin and platelet lysate: Premises for the formulation of wound healing active medications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Di Silvestre D, Sorlini M, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Marrubini G, Rossi R, Tripodo G, Mauri P, Marazzi M, Torre ML. Pilot Production of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Freeze-Dried Secretome for Cell-Free Regenerative Nanomedicine: A Validated GMP-Compliant Process. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110190. [PMID: 30380806 PMCID: PMC6262564 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a pilot production process for mesenchymal stem/stromal freeze-dried secretome was performed in a validated good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant cell factory. Secretome was purified from culture supernatants by ultrafiltration, added to cryoprotectant, lyophilized and characterized. We obtained a freeze-dried, "ready-off-the-shelf" and free soluble powder containing extracellular vesicles and proteins. In the freeze-dried product, a not-aggregated population of extracellular vesicles was detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis; Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the simultaneous presence of protein and lipids, while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that lyophilization process successfully occurred. A proteomic characterization allowed the identification of proteins involved in immune response, response to stress, cytoskeleton and metabolism. Moreover, the product was not cytotoxic up to concentrations of 25 mg/mL (on human fibroblasts, chondrocytes and nucleus pulposus cells by MTT assay) and was blood compatible up to 150 mg/mL. Finally, at concentrations between 5 and 50 mg/mL, freeze-dried secretome showed to in vitro counteract the oxidative stress damage induced by H₂O₂ on nucleus pulposus cells by MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, SUPSI, Via Pobiette 11, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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24
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Perucca Orfei C, Talò G, Viganò M, Perteghella S, Lugano G, Fabro Fontana F, Ragni E, Colombini A, De Luca P, Moretti M, Torre ML, de Girolamo L. Silk/Fibroin Microcarriers for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery: Optimization of Cell Seeding by the Design of Experiment. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E200. [PMID: 30352986 PMCID: PMC6321597 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this methodological paper, lyophilized fibroin-coated alginate microcarriers (LFAMs) proposed as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery systems and optimal MSCs seeding conditions for cell adhesion rate and cell arrangement, was defined by a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. Cells were co-incubated with microcarriers in a bioreactor for different time intervals and conditions: variable stirring speed, dynamic culture intermittent or continuous, and different volumes of cells-LFAMs loaded in the bioreactor. Intermittent dynamic culture resulted as the most determinant parameter; the volume of LFAMs/cells suspension and the speed used for the dynamic culture contributed as well, whereas time was a less influencing parameter. The optimized seeding conditions were: 98 min of incubation time, 12.3 RPM of speed, and 401.5 µL volume of cells-LFAMs suspension cultured with the intermittent dynamic condition. This DoE predicted protocol was then validated on both human Adipose-derived Stem Cells (hASCs) and human Bone Marrow Stem Cells (hBMSCs), revealing a good cell adhesion rate on the surface of the carriers. In conclusion, microcarriers can be used as cell delivery systems at the target site (by injection or arthroscopic technique), to maintain MSCs and their activity at the injured site for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Viganò
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Lugano
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Enrico Ragni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matteo Moretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Lab, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
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25
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Mandracchia D, Trapani A, Perteghella S, Di Franco C, Torre ML, Calleri E, Tripodo G. A Micellar-Hydrogel Nanogrid from a UV Crosslinked Inulin Derivative for the Simultaneous Delivery of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E97. [PMID: 30029476 PMCID: PMC6161022 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are among the most common materials used in drug delivery, as polymeric micelles are too. They, preferentially, load hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, respectively. In this paper, we thought to combine the favorable behaviors of both hydrogels and polymeric micelles with the specific aim of delivering hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs for dual delivery in combination therapy, in particular for colon drug delivery. Thus, we developed a hydrogel by UV crosslinking of a methacrylated (MA) amphiphilic derivative from inulin (INU) (as known INU is specifically degraded into the colon) and vitamin E (VITE), called INVITEMA. The methacrylated micelles were physicochemically characterized and subjected to UV irradiation to form what we called the "nanogrids". The INVITEMA nanogrids were characterized by DSC, SEM, TEM, water uptake and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) release. In particular, the release of the hydrophobic drug was specifically assessed to verify that it can spread along the hydrophilic portions and, therefore, effectively released. These systems can open new pharmaceutical applications for known hydrogels or micelle systems, considering that in literature only few examples are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Di Franco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (CNR-IFN) Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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26
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Galuzzi M, Perteghella S, Antonioli B, Tosca MC, Bari E, Tripodo G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Marazzi M, Torre ML. Human Engineered Cartilage and Decellularized Matrix as an Alternative to Animal Osteoarthritis Model. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070738. [PMID: 30960663 PMCID: PMC6403588 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: to obtain a reproducible, robust, well-defined, and cost-affordable in vitro model of human cartilage degeneration, suitable for drug screening; (2) Methods: we proposed 3D models of engineered cartilage, considering two human chondrocyte sources (articular/nasal) and five culture methods (pellet, alginate beads, silk/alginate microcarriers, and decellularized cartilage). Engineered cartilages were treated with pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β to promote cartilage degradation; (3) Results: articular chondrocytes have been rejected since they exhibit low cellular doubling with respect to nasal cells, with longer culture time for cell expansion; furthermore, pellet and alginate bead cultures lead to insufficient cartilage matrix production. Decellularized cartilage resulted as good support for degeneration model, but long culture time and high cell amount are required to obtain the adequate scaffold colonization. Here, we proposed, for the first time, the combined use of decellularized cartilage, as aggrecanase substrate, with pellet, alginate beads, or silk/alginate microcarriers, as polymeric scaffolds for chondrocyte cultures. This approach enables the development of suitable models of cartilaginous pathology. The results obtained after cryopreservation also demonstrated that beads and microcarriers are able to preserve chondrocyte functionality and metabolic activity; (4) Conclusions: alginate and silk/alginate-based scaffolds can be easily produced and cryopreserved to obtain a cost-affordable and ready-to-use polymer-based product for the subsequent screening of anti-inflammatory drugs for cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galuzzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Antonioli
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Cecilia Tosca
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16121 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Federica Grillo
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16121 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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27
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Marrubini G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Tripodo G, Mastrogiacomo M, Mandracchia D, Trapani A, Faragò S, Gaetani P, Torre ML. In vitro efficacy of silk sericin microparticles and platelet lysate for intervertebral disk regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:792-799. [PMID: 29959012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration is an oxidative and inflammatory pathological condition that induces viability and functionality reduction of Nucleus Pulposus cells (NPs). Cellular therapies were previously proposed to repair and substitute the herniated disk but low proliferative index and pathological conditions of NPs dramatically reduced the efficacy of this approach. To overcome these problems we proposed, for the first time, a therapeutic system based on the association of silk sericin microparticles and platelet-derived products. Silk sericin (SS) is a bioactive protein with marked antioxidant properties, while platelet lysate (PL) and platelet poor plasma (PPP) represent a source of growth factors able to support cell viability and to promote tissue regeneration. We demonstrated that the mixture PL + PPP promoted NPs proliferation with a significant reduction of cellular doubling time. SS microparticles, alone or in combination with PPP, presented the higher ROS-scavenging activity while, SS microparticles and PL resulted as the best association able to protect NPs against oxidative stress induce by hydroxide peroxide. Based on these results, the authors are confident that, with the ever increasing need of efficacious tools for regenerative medicine purposes, SS microparticles and PL + PPP association could represent an effective approach for the development of low impact and non-invasive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Pharmaexceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Faragò
- Silk Division, Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaetani
- Pharmaexceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy; U.O. Chirurgia Vertebrale, Istituto Clinico Città di Pavia, Gruppo San Donato, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Pharmaexceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Mandracchia D, Trapani A, Perteghella S, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Torre ML, Trapani G, Tripodo G. pH-sensitive inulin-based nanomicelles for intestinal site-specific and controlled release of celecoxib. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:570-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Crivelli B, Perteghella S, Bari E, Sorrenti M, Tripodo G, Chlapanidas T, Torre ML. Silk nanoparticles: from inert supports to bioactive natural carriers for drug delivery. Soft Matter 2018; 14:546-557. [PMID: 29327746 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silk proteins have been studied and employed for the production of drug delivery (nano)systems. They show excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability and non-immunogenicity and, if needed, their properties can be modulated by blending with other polymers. Silk fibroin (SF), which forms the inner core of silk, is a (bio)material officially recognized by the Food and Drug Administration for human applications. Conversely, the potential of silk sericin (SS), which forms the external shell of silk, could still be considered under evaluation. At the best of our knowledge, nanoparticles based on silk sericin "alone" cannot be produced, due to its physicochemical instability influenced by extreme pH, high water solubility and temperature; for these reasons, it almost always needs to be combined with other polymers for the development of drug delivery systems. In this review, we focused on silk proteins as bioactive natural carriers, since they show not only optimal features as inert excipients, but also remarkable intrinsic biological activities. SF has anti-inflammatory properties, while SS presents antioxidant, anti-tyrosine, anti-aging, anti-elastase and anti-bacterial features. Here, we give an overview on SF or SS silk-based nanosystems, with particular attention on the production techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Perteghella S, Vigani B, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Antonioli B, Galuzzi M, Tosca MC, Crivelli B, Preda S, Tripodo G, Marazzi M, Chlapanidas T, Torre ML. Stromal Vascular Fraction Loaded Silk Fibroin Mats Effectively Support the Survival of Diabetic Mice after Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17:1700131. [PMID: 28691373 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess whether stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-soaked silk fibroin nonwoven mats (silk-SVF) can preserve the functionality of encapsulated pancreatic endocrine cells (alginate-PECs) after transplantation in the subcutaneous tissue of diabetic mice. Silk scaffolds are selected to create an effective 3D microenvironment for SVF delivery in the subcutaneous tissue before diabetes induction: silk-SVF is subcutaneously implanted in the dorsal area of five healthy animals; after 15 d, mice are treated with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and then alginate-PECs are implanted on the silk-SVF. All animals appear in good health, increasing weight during time, and among them, one presents euglycemia until the end of experiments. On the contrary, when PECs are simultaneously implanted with SVF after diabetes induction, mice are euthanized due to suffering. This work clearly demonstrates that silk-SVF creates a functional niche in subcutaneous tissue and preserves endocrine cell survival and engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16121, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16121, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Antonioli
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Galuzzi
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cecilia Tosca
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Preda
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Theodora Chlapanidas
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Crivelli B, Chlapanidas T, Perteghella S, Lucarelli E, Pascucci L, Brini AT, Ferrero I, Marazzi M, Pessina A, Torre ML. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell extracellular vesicles: From active principle to next generation drug delivery system. J Control Release 2017; 262:104-117. [PMID: 28736264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the biological effector of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is their secretome, which is composed of a heterogeneous pool of bioactive molecules, partially enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, the MSC secretome (including EVs) has been recently proposed as possible alternative to MSC therapy. The secretome can be considered as a protein-based biotechnological product, it is probably safer compared with living/cycling cells, it presents virtually lower tumorigenic risk, and it can be handled, stored and sterilized as an Active Pharmaceutical/Principle Ingredient (API). EVs retain some structural and technological analogies with synthetic drug delivery systems (DDS), even if their potential clinical application is also limited by the absence of reproducible/scalable isolation methods and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant procedures. Notably, EVs secreted by MSCs preserve some of their parental cell features such as homing, immunomodulatory and regenerative potential. This review focuses on MSCs and their EVs as APIs, as well as DDS, considering their ability to reach inflamed and damaged tissues and to prolong the release of encapsulated drugs. Special attention is devoted to the illustration of innovative therapeutic approaches in which nanomedicine is successfully combined with stem cell therapy, thus creating a novel class of "next generation drug delivery systems."
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Theodora Chlapanidas
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20100 Milan, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ivana Ferrero
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Perteghella S, Gaviraghi A, Cenadelli S, Bornaghi V, Galli A, Crivelli B, Vigani B, Vigo D, Chlapanidas T, Faustini M, Torre ML. Alginate encapsulation preserves the quality and fertilizing ability of Mediterranean Italian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) and Holstein Friesian ( Bos taurus) spermatozoa after cryopreservation. J Vet Sci 2017; 18:81-88. [PMID: 27456772 PMCID: PMC5366306 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of artificial insemination (AI) in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is limited by poor ovarian activity during the hot season, seasonal qualitative patterns in semen, low resistance of sperm cells in the female tract, difficulties in estrus detection, and variable estrus duration. Although AI procedures are commonly used in bovine, use of AI has been limited in buffalo. In the zootechnical field, different studies have been conducted to develop techniques for improvement of fertilizing ability of buffalo spermatozoa after AI. In this study, for the first time, the use of alginate encapsulation and cryopreservation of buffalo spermatozoa is described, and the same procedure was performed with Holstein Friesian (Bos taurus) semen. Results obtained from in vitro analyses indicate that the encapsulation process does not have detrimental effects (compared to controls) on quality parameters (membrane integrity, progressive motility, path average velocity) in either species. Similarly, there were no detrimental effects after cryopreservation in either species. The fertilizing potential of encapsulated and cryopreserved semen was evaluated after AI in 25 buffalo and 113 bovine females. Pregnancy rates were not affected in either species. The results of this study show proof of concept for the use of frozen semen controlled-release devices in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cenadelli
- Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, 26027 Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Valeria Bornaghi
- Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, 26027 Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, 26027 Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Barbara Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Mandracchia D, Rosato A, Trapani A, Chlapanidas T, Montagner IM, Perteghella S, Di Franco C, Torre ML, Trapani G, Tripodo G. Design, synthesis and evaluation of biotin decorated inulin-based polymeric micelles as long-circulating nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2017; 13:1245-1254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Perteghella S, Crivelli B, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Bruni G, Necchi V, Vigani B, Sorlini M, Torre ML, Chlapanidas T. Stem cell-extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: New frontiers for silk/curcumin nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:86-97. [PMID: 28163224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a novel carrier-in-carrier system based on stem cell-extracellular vesicles loaded of silk/curcumin nanoparticles by endogenous technique. Silk nanoparticles were produced by desolvation method and curcumin has been selected as drug model because of its limited water solubility and poor bioavailability. Nanoparticles were stable, with spherical geometry, 100nm in average diameter and the drug content reached about 30%. Cellular uptake studies, performed on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), showed the accumulation of nanoparticles in the cytosol around the nuclear membrane, without cytotoxic effects. Finally, MSCs were able to release extracellular vesicles entrapping silk/curcumin nanoparticles. This combined biological-technological approach represents a novel class of nanosystems, combining beneficial effects of both regenerative cell therapies and pharmaceutical nanomedicine, avoiding the use of viable replicating stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Crivelli
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Catenacci
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- University of Pavia, Department of Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Necchi
- University of Pavia, Department of Molecular Medicine, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Centro Grandi Strumenti, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Vigani
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- SUPSI, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Innovative Technologies Department, Via Pobiette 11, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Theodora Chlapanidas
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Vigani B, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Perteghella S, Preda S, Crivelli B, Antonioli B, Galuzzi M, Tosca MC, Marazzi M, Torre ML, Chlapanidas T. Local biological effects of adipose stromal vascular fraction delivery systems after subcutaneous implantation in a murine model. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016; 31:600-612. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516635841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test alginate beads and silk fibroin non-woven mats as stromal vascular fraction delivery systems to support cell implantation for tissue repair and regeneration, through trophic and immunomodulant paracrine signaling. Furthermore, in vivo scaffold biocompatibility was histologically analyzed in a murine model at different time endpoints, with particular focus on construct-induced vascularization and neoangiogenesis. The fibroin mat induced a typical foreign body reaction, recruiting macrophages and giant cells and concurrently promoted neovascularization of the implanted construct. Conversely, alginate beads triggered a more circumscribed, chronic inflammatory reaction, which decreased over time. The combined in vivo implantation of alginate beads and fibroin mat with stromal vascular fraction promoted vascularization and integration of scaffolds into the surrounding subcutaneous environment. The new blood vessel ingrowth should, hopefully, support engineered cell viability and functionality, as well as the transport of soluble bioactive molecules. Due to their neovascularization properties, stromal vascular fraction administration, using alginate or fibroin scaffolds, is a new, promising, cost-effective tissue engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Pathology Section, Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino—IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Pathology Section, Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino—IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Preda
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Antonioli
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Galuzzi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta C Tosca
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria L Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Chlapanidas T, Perteghella S, Faragò S, Boschi A, Tripodo G, Vigani B, Crivelli B, Renzi S, Dotti S, Preda S, Marazzi M, Torre ML, Ferrari M. Erratum: Platelet lysate and adipose mesenchymal stromal cells on silk fibroin nonwoven mats for wound healing. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Perteghella S, Vigani B, Crivelli B, Spinaci M, Galeati G, Bucci D, Vigo D, Torre ML, Chlapanidas T. Sperm Encapsulation from 1985 to Date: Technology Evolution and New Challenges in Swine Reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50 Suppl 2:98-102. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - B Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - B Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - M Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - G Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - D Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - D Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - ML Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - T Chlapanidas
- Department of Drug Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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Spinaci M, Perteghella S, Chlapanidas T, Galeati G, Vigo D, Tamanini C, Bucci D. Storage of sexed boar spermatozoa: Limits and perspectives. Theriogenology 2015; 85:65-73. [PMID: 26116059 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great potential application of sex-sorted spermatozoa in swine, the technology is not practiced in the pig industry because of technical factors and species-specific issues. The susceptibility of boar spermatozoa to stresses induced by the sorting procedure, the relative slowness of the sex-sorting process together with the high sperm numbers required for routine artificial insemination in pig are some of the main factors limiting the commercial application of this technology in pigs. This review briefly describes the damage to spermatozoa during sex sorting, focusing on an additional limiting factor: increased susceptibility of sexed boar spermatozoa to injuries induced by liquid storage and cryopreservation that, in turn, impairs sperm quality leading to unsatisfactory results in vivo. Strategies to extend the lifespan of sex-sorted boar spermatozoa and to improve their fertilizing ability after liquid storage or cryopreservation need to be implemented before this technology can be used in pig farms. In this regard, encapsulation in barium alginate membranes could be a promising technique to optimize the in vivo use of sexed boar spermatozoa, by protecting, targeting, and controlling the release of sperm into the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - S Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - T Chlapanidas
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - C Tamanini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Faragò S, Lucconi G, Perteghella S, Vigani B, Tripodo G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Boschi A, Faustini M, Vigo D, Chlapanidas T, Marazzi M, Torre ML. A dry powder formulation from silk fibroin microspheres as a topical auto-gelling device. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:453-62. [PMID: 25757645 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1022784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of establishing the formulation of a new hydrophilic auto-gelling medical device for biomedical applications, fibroin-based microspheres were prepared. The proposed microspheres were produced by a cost-effective and industrially scalable technique, such as the spray-drying. Spray-dried silk fibroin microspheres were obtained and the effects of different hydrophilic polymer on the process yield, microsphere morphology and conformation transition of fibroin were evaluated. The final auto-gelling formulations were obtained by adding calcium gluconate (as a calcium source for alginate crosslinking) to the prepared microspheres and tested by an in vitro gelling test. This study showed that the combination of fibroin with sodium alginate and poloxamer produced the most promising auto-gelling formulation for specific biomedical applications, such as the treatment of pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Faragò
- a Silk Division , Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulia Lucconi
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandra Boschi
- a Silk Division , Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria , Milan , Italy
| | - Massimo Faustini
- c Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy , and
| | - Daniele Vigo
- c Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy , and
| | | | - Mario Marazzi
- d Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy, Niguarda Hospital , Milan , Italy
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Chlapanidas T, Tosca MC, Faragò S, Perteghella S, Galuzzi M, Lucconi G, Antonioli B, Ciancio F, Rapisarda V, Vigo D, Marazzi M, Faustini M, Torre ML. Formulation and characterization of silk fibroin films as a scaffold for adipose-derived stem cells in skin tissue engineering. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:43-9. [PMID: 24046948 DOI: 10.1177/03946320130260s106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin substitutes are epidermal, dermal or complete bilayered constructs, composed by natural or synthetic scaffolds and by adherent cells such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes or mesenchymal stem cells. Silk fibroin is a promising polymer to realize scaffolds, since it is biocompatible, biodegradable, and exhibits excellent mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength. Moreover, fibroin can be added of others components in order to modify the biomaterial properties for the purpose. The aim of this work is to prepare silk fibroin films for adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) culture as a novel feeder layer for skin tissue engineering. Pectin has been added to promote the protein conformational transition and construct strength, while glycerol as plasticizer, providing biomaterial flexibility. Eighteen formulations were prepared by casting method using fibroin, pectin (range 1-10% w/w), and glycerol (range 0-20% w/w); films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry assay, to select the optimal composition. A stable fibroin conformation was obtained using 6% w/w pectin, and the best mechanical properties were obtained using 12% w/w glycerol. Films were sterilized, and human ADSCs were seeded and cultured for 15 days. Cells adhere to the support assuming a fibroblastic-like shape and reaching confluence. The ultrastructural analysis evidences typical active-cell features and adhesion structures that promote cell anchorage to the film, thus developing a multilayered cell structure. This construct could be advantageously employed in cutaneous wound healing or where the use of ADSCs scaffold is indicated either in human or veterinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chlapanidas
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Lucconi G, Chlapanidas T, Martino E, Gaggeri R, Perteghella S, Rossi D, Faragò S, Vigo D, Faustini M, Collina S, Torre ML. Formulation of microspheres containing Crataegus monogyna Jacq. extract with free radical scavenging activity. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:65-72. [PMID: 23301945 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.752387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (hawthorn) show an interesting free radical scavenging (FRS) effect, related to their flavonoids content. Unfortunately, their oral administration is affected by their low bioavailability. The aim of this work is to obtain a multiparticulate drug delivery system for hawthorn extracts for oral administration. The extracts from flowering tops (FL) or fruits (FR) of hawthorn were obtained with maceration, using ethanol as an extraction solvent, and their antioxidant activity was evaluated. FL extract showed the highest FRS activity (EC50 3.72 ± 1.21 µg/ml), so it was selected to prepare microparticulate systems by a spray-drying technique, which were characterized by granulometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy and hyperoside content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated before and after gastrointestinal transit in vitro simulation. Results indicate that the microparticulate systems maintained the antioxidant activity of hawthorn also after gastrointestinal transit in vitro simulation, exhibiting properties suitable for oral administration.
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