1
|
Ge L, Song L, Wang L, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang C, Chen J, Wu G, Pan A, Wu Y, Quan Z, Li P. Evaluating response mechanisms of soil microbiomes and metabolomes to Bt toxin additions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130904. [PMID: 36860032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and persistence of Bt toxins in soils from Bt plants and Bt biopesticides may result in environmental hazards such as adverse impacts on soil microorganisms. However, the dynamic relationships among exogenous Bt toxins, soil characteristics, and soil microorganisms are not well understood. Cry1Ab is one of the most commonly used Bt toxins and was added to soils in this study to evaluate subsequent changes in soil physiochemical properties, microbial taxa, microbial functional genes, and metabolites profiles via 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, high-throughput qPCR, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics. Higher additions of Bt toxins led to higher concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), ammonium (NH+4-N), and nitrite (NO2--N) compared against controls without addition after 100 days of soil incubation. High-throughput qPCR analysis and shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that the 500 ng/g Bt toxin addition significantly affected profiles of soil microbial functional genes involved in soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling after 100 days of incubation. Furthermore, combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the 500 ng/g Bt toxin addition significantly altered low molecular weight metabolite profiles of soils. Importantly, some of these altered metabolites are involved in soil nutrient cycling, and robust associations were identified among differentially abundant metabolites and microorganisms due to Bt toxin addition treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that higher levels of Bt toxin addition can alter soil nutrients, probably by affecting the activities of Bt toxin-degrading microorganisms. These dynamics would then activate other microorganisms involved in nutrient cycling, finally leading to broad changes in metabolite profiles. Notably, the addition of Bt toxins did not cause the accumulation of potential microbial pathogens in soils, nor did it adversely affect the diversity and stability of microbial communities. This study provides new insights into the putative mechanistic associations among Bt toxins, soil characteristics, and microorganisms, providing new understanding into the ecological impacts of Bt toxins on soil ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lili Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jun Chen
- East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- The College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhexue Quan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li P, Ye S, Chen J, Wang L, Li Y, Ge L, Wu G, Song L, Wang C, Sun Y, Wang J, Pan A, Quan Z, Wu Y. Combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Bt rice planting alters soil C-N metabolism. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 36690796 PMCID: PMC9870860 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) plants remain a controversial global issue. To address these issues, comprehensive environmental risk assessments of GM plants is critical for the sustainable development and application of transgenic technology. In this paper, significant differences were not observed between microbial metagenomic and metabolomic profiles in surface waters of the Bt rice (T1C-1, the transgenic line) and non-Bt cultivars (Minghui 63 (the isogenic line) and Zhonghua 11 (the conventional japonica cultivar)). In contrast, differences in these profiles were apparent in the rhizospheres. T1C-1 planting increased soil microbiome diversity and network stability, but did not significantly alter the abundances of potential probiotic or phytopathogenic microorganisms compared with Minghui 63 and Zhonghua 11, which revealed no adverse effects of T1C-1 on soil microbial communities. T1C-1 planting could significantly alter soil C and N, probably via the regulation of the abundances of enzymes related to soil C and N cycling. In addition, integrated multi-omic analysis of root exudate metabolomes and soil microbiomes showed that the abundances of various metabolites released as root exudates were significantly correlated with subsets of microbial populations including the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes that were differentially abundant in T1C-1 and Mnghui 63 soils. Finally, the potential for T1C-1-associated root metabolites to exert growth effects on T1C-1-associated species was experimentally validated by analysis of bacterial cultures, revealing that Bt rice planting could selectively modulate specific root microbiota. Overall, this study indicate that Bt rice can directly modulate rhizosphere microbiome assemblages by altering the metabolic compositions of root exudates that then alters soil metabolite profiles and physiochemical properties. This study unveils the mechanistic associations of Bt plant-microorganism-environment, which provides comprehensive insights into the potential ecological impacts of GM plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd, 201106, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuifeng Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Shangrao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- East China University of Technology, 330013, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexue Quan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunfei Wu
- The College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Hu C, Sun Y, Jiang W, Wu G, Pan A, Li P, Tang X. Production and characterization of the 13 C/ 15 N single-labeled insecticidal protein Cry1Ab/Ac using recombinant Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1125. [PMID: 33058518 PMCID: PMC7658450 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic Cry1Ab/Ac proteins expressed by genetically modified (GM) crops have a high potential to control insect pests without utilizing large amounts of chemical insecticides. Before these crops are used in agriculture, the environmental fate and interactions in the soil must be understood. Stable isotope-labeled Cry1Ab/Ac protein is a highly useful tool for collecting such data. We developed a protocol to produce 13 C/15 N single-labeled Cry proteins. The artificially synthesized gene Cry1Ab/Ac of Bt rice Huahui No. 1, which has been certified by the Chinese government to be safe for human consumption, was subcloned into pUC57, and the expression vector pET-28a-CryAb/Ac was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. Next, 0.2 mM isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG) was added to these cells and cultured at 37°C for 4 h to induce the synthesis and formation of inclusion bodies in M9 growth media containing either [U-13 C] glucose (5% 13 C-enriched) or [15 N] ammonium chloride (5% 15 N-enriched). Then, Cry inclusion bodies were dissolved in urea and purified by affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions, renatured by dialysis, and further detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. The purities of 13 C/15 N-labeled Cry proteins reached 99% with amounts of 12.6 mg/L and 8.8 mg/L, respectively. The δ 13 C and ä 15 N values of 13 C-labeled Cry protein and 15 N-labeled Cry protein were 3,269‰ and 2,854‰, respectively. A bioassay test revealed that the labeled Cry1Ab/Ac proteins had strong insecticidal activity. The stable isotope-labeled insecticidal Cry proteins produced for the first time in this study will provide an experimental basis for future metabolic studies on Cry proteins in soil and the characteristics of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) transformations. Our findings may also be employed as a reference for elucidating the environmental behavior and ecological effects of BT plants and expressed products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wang
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology of Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|