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Rao A, Driessen AJM. Unraveling the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases in Archaea: potential roles in saturation of terpenoids. Extremophiles 2024; 28:14. [PMID: 38280122 PMCID: PMC10821996 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The enzymology of the key steps in the archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated in recent years. In contrast, the complete biosynthetic pathways for proposed membrane regulators consisting of polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, respiratory quinones, and polyprenols remain unknown. Notably, the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases (GGRs) in archaeal genomes has been correlated with the saturation of polyterpenes. Although GGRs, which are responsible for saturation of the isoprene chains of phospholipids, have been identified and studied in detail, there is little information regarding the structure and function of the paralogs. Here, we discuss the diversity of archaeal membrane-associated polyterpenes which is correlated with the genomic loci, structural and sequence-based analyses of GGR paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang J, Li T, Hong Z, Ma C, Fang X, Zheng F, Teng W, Zhang C, Si T. Biosynthesis of Hybrid Neutral Lipids with Archaeal and Eukaryotic Characteristics in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214344. [PMID: 36424352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of the Asgard superphylum of archaea provides new evidence supporting the two-domain model of life: eukaryotes originated from an Asgard-related archaeon that engulfed a bacterial endosymbiont. However, how eukaryotes acquired bacterial-like membrane lipids with a sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) backbone instead of the archaeal-like sn-glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P) backbone remains unknown. In this study, we reconstituted archaeal lipid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expressing unsaturated archaeol-synthesizing enzymes. Using Golden Gate cloning for pathway assembly, modular gene replacement was performed, revealing the potential biosynthesis of both G1P- and G3P-based unsaturated archaeol by uncultured Asgard archaea. Unexpectedly, hybrid neutral lipids containing both archaeal isoprenoids and eukaryotic fatty acids were observed in recombinant S. cerevisiae. The ability of yeast and archaeal diacylglycerol acyltransferases to synthesize such hybrid lipids was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 XueYuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tuo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 XueYuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhilai Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 XueYuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chenfei Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 XueYuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 XueYuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fengfeng Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenkai Teng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tong Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 XueYuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Xili, NanShan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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