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Paulino S, Petek S, Le Strat Y, Bourgougnon N, Le Blay G. Cultivable epiphytic bacteria of the Chlorophyta Ulva sp.: diversity, antibacterial, and biofilm-modulating activities. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae099. [PMID: 38702839 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Macroalgae harbor a rich epiphytic microbiota that plays a crucial role in algal morphogenesis and defense mechanisms. This study aims to isolate epiphytic cultivable microbiota from Ulva sp. surfaces. Various culture media were employed to evaluate a wide range of cultivable microbiota. Our objective was to assess the antibacterial and biofilm-modulating activities of supernatants from isolated bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-nine bacterial isolates from Ulva sp. were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Their antibacterial activity and biofilm modulation potential were screened against three target marine bacteria: 45%, mostly affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria and mainly grown on diluted R2A medium (R2Ad), showed strong antibacterial activity, while 18% had a significant impact on biofilm modulation. Molecular network analysis was carried out on four bioactive bacterial supernatants, revealing new molecules potentially responsible for their activities. CONCLUSION R2Ad offered the greatest diversity and proportion of active isolates. The molecular network approach holds promise for both identifying bacterial isolates based on their molecular production and characterizing antibacterial and biofilm-modulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauvann Paulino
- Université Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EMR CNRS 6076, Vannes, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Sylvain Petek
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Yoran Le Strat
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgougnon
- Université Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EMR CNRS 6076, Vannes, France
| | - Gwenaelle Le Blay
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Anda M, Yamanouchi S, Cosentino S, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Takashima M, Toyoda A, Iwasaki W. Bacteria can maintain rRNA operons solely on plasmids for hundreds of millions of years. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7232. [PMID: 37963895 PMCID: PMC10645730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally assumed that all bacteria must have at least one rRNA operon (rrn operon) on the chromosome, but some strains of the genera Aureimonas and Oecophyllibacter carry their sole rrn operon on a plasmid. However, other related strains and species have chromosomal rrn loci, suggesting that the exclusive presence of rrn operons on a plasmid is rare and unlikely to be stably maintained over long evolutionary periods. Here, we report the results of a systematic search for additional bacteria without chromosomal rrn operons. We find that at least four bacterial clades in the phyla Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, and Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) lost chromosomal rrn operons independently. Remarkably, Persicobacteraceae have apparently maintained this peculiar genome organization for hundreds of millions of years. In our study, all the rrn-carrying plasmids in bacteria lacking chromosomal rrn loci possess replication initiator genes of the Rep_3 family. Furthermore, the lack of chromosomal rrn operons is associated with differences in copy numbers of rrn operons, plasmids, and chromosomal tRNA genes. Thus, our findings indicate that the absence of rrn loci in bacterial chromosomes can be stably maintained over long evolutionary periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Anda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Shun Yamanouchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Salvatore Cosentino
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Masako Takashima
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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3
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Masasa M, Kushmaro A, Kramarsky-Winter E, Shpigel M, Barkan R, Golberg A, Kribus A, Shashar N, Guttman L. Mono-specific algal diets shape microbial networking in the gut of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla elatensis. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:79. [PMID: 34782025 PMCID: PMC8594234 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Algivorous sea urchins can obtain energy from a diet of a single algal species, which may result in consequent changes in their gut microbe assemblies and association networks. METHODS To ascertain whether such changes are led by specific microbes or limited to a specific region in the gut, we compared the microbial assembly in the three major gut regions of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla elatensis when fed a mono-specific algal diet of either Ulva fasciata or Gracilaria conferta, or an algal-free diet. DNA extracts from 5 to 7 individuals from each diet treatment were used for Illumina MiSeq based 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region). Niche breadth of each microbe in the assembly was calculated for identification of core, generalist, specialist, or unique microbes. Network analyzers were used to measure the connectivity of the entire assembly and of each of the microbes within it and whether it altered with a given diet or gut region. Lastly, the predicted metabolic functions of key microbes in the gut were analyzed to evaluate their potential contribution to decomposition of dietary algal polysaccharides. RESULTS Sea urchins fed with U. fasciata grew faster and their gut microbiome network was rich in bacterial associations (edges) and networking clusters. Bacteroidetes was the keystone microbe phylum in the gut, with core, generalist, and specialist representatives. A few microbes of this phylum were central hub nodes that maintained community connectivity, while others were driver microbes that led the rewiring of the assembly network based on diet type through changes in their associations and centrality. Niche breadth agreed with microbes' richness in genes for carbohydrate active enzymes and correlated Bacteroidetes specialists to decomposition of specific polysaccharides in the algal diets. CONCLUSIONS The dense and well-connected microbial network in the gut of Ulva-fed sea urchins, together with animal's rapid growth, may suggest that this alga was most nutritious among the experimental diets. Our findings expand the knowledge on the gut microbial assembly in T. gratilla elatensis and strengthen the correlation between microbes' generalism or specialism in terms of occurrence in different niches and their metabolic arsenal which may aid host nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Masasa
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, Israel.,Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, P.O. Box 1212, 8811201, Eilat, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Esti Kramarsky-Winter
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Muki Shpigel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Barkan
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, Israel.,Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, P.O. Box 1212, 8811201, Eilat, Israel
| | - Alex Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Shashar
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, Israel
| | - Lior Guttman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, P.O. Box 1212, 8811201, Eilat, Israel.
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Crystal structure of a neoagarobiose-producing GH16 family β-agarase from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:633-641. [PMID: 31784792 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PdAgaC from the marine bacterium Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 is a β-agarase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16). It is one of only a handful of endo-acting GH16 β-agarases able to degrade agar completely to produce neoagarobiose (NA2). The crystal structure of PdAgaC's catalytic domain, which has one of the highest Vmax value at 2.9 × 103 U/mg, was determined in order to understand its unique mechanism. The catalytic domain is made up of a typical β-jelly roll fold with two additional insertions, and a well-conserved but wider substrate-binding cleft with some minor changes. Among the unique differences, two unconserved residues, Asn226 and Arg286, may potentially contribute additional hydrogen bonds to subsites -1 and +2, respectively, while a third, His185 from one of the additional insertions, may further contribute another bond to subsite +2. These additional hydrogen bonds may probably have enhanced PdAgaC's affinity for short agaro-oligosaccharides such as neoagarotetraose (NA4), rendering it capable of binding NA4 strongly enough for rapid degradation into NA2.
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Koch H, Dürwald A, Schweder T, Noriega-Ortega B, Vidal-Melgosa S, Hehemann JH, Dittmar T, Freese HM, Becher D, Simon M, Wietz M. Biphasic cellular adaptations and ecological implications of Alteromonas macleodii degrading a mixture of algal polysaccharides. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:92-103. [PMID: 30116038 PMCID: PMC6298977 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Algal polysaccharides are an important bacterial nutrient source and central component of marine food webs. However, cellular and ecological aspects concerning the bacterial degradation of polysaccharide mixtures, as presumably abundant in natural habitats, are poorly understood. Here, we contextualize marine polysaccharide mixtures and their bacterial utilization in several ways using the model bacterium Alteromonas macleodii 83-1, which can degrade multiple algal polysaccharides and contributes to polysaccharide degradation in the oceans. Transcriptomic, proteomic and exometabolomic profiling revealed cellular adaptations of A. macleodii 83-1 when degrading a mix of laminarin, alginate and pectin. Strain 83-1 exhibited substrate prioritization driven by catabolite repression, with initial laminarin utilization followed by simultaneous alginate/pectin utilization. This biphasic phenotype coincided with pronounced shifts in gene expression, protein abundance and metabolite secretion, mainly involving CAZymes/polysaccharide utilization loci but also other functional traits. Distinct temporal changes in exometabolome composition, including the alginate/pectin-specific secretion of pyrroloquinoline quinone, suggest that substrate-dependent adaptations influence chemical interactions within the community. The ecological relevance of cellular adaptations was underlined by molecular evidence that common marine macroalgae, in particular Saccharina and Fucus, release mixtures of alginate and pectin-like rhamnogalacturonan. Moreover, CAZyme microdiversity and the genomic predisposition towards polysaccharide mixtures among Alteromonas spp. suggest polysaccharide-related traits as an ecophysiological factor, potentially relating to distinct 'carbohydrate utilization types' with different ecological strategies. Considering the substantial primary productivity of algae on global scales, these insights contribute to the understanding of bacteria-algae interactions and the remineralization of chemically diverse polysaccharide pools, a key step in marine carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Koch
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Dürwald
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Beatriz Noriega-Ortega
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- MARUM-MPI Bridge Group for Marine Glycobiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- MARUM-MPI Bridge Group for Marine Glycobiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heike M Freese
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Biochemical Characterization of Thermostable and Detergent-Tolerant β-Agarase, PdAgaC, from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:770-781. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Sim PF, Furusawa G, Teh AH. Functional and Structural Studies of a Multidomain Alginate Lyase from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13656. [PMID: 29057942 PMCID: PMC5651945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AlyQ from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 is an alginate lyase with three domains — a carbohydrate-binding domain modestly resembling family 16 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM16), a family 32 CBM (CBM32) domain, and an alginate lyase domain belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). Although AlyQ can also act on polyguluronate (poly-G) and polymannuronate (poly-M), it is most active on alginate. Studies with truncated AlyQ showed that the CBM32 domain did not contribute to enhancing AlyQ’s activity under the assayed conditions. Nevertheless, it could bind to cleaved but not intact alginate, indicating that the CBM32 domain recognises alginate termini. The crystal structure containing both CBM32 and catalytic domains show that they do not interact with one another. The CBM32 domain contains a conserved Arg that may bind to the carboxyl group of alginate. The catalytic domain, meanwhile, shares a conserved substrate-binding groove, and the presence of two negatively charged Asp residues may dictate substrate specificity especially at subsite +1. As Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 was unable to utilise alginate, AlyQ may function to help the bacterium degrade cell walls more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Sim
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Go Furusawa
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aik-Hong Teh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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Furusawa G, Lau NS, Suganthi A, Amirul AAA. Agarolytic bacterium Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 exhibited a diauxic growth involving galactose utilization pathway. Microbiologyopen 2016; 6. [PMID: 27987272 PMCID: PMC5300873 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The agarolytic bacterium Persicobacter sp. CCB‐QB2 was isolated from seaweed (genus Ulva) collected from a coastal area of Malaysia. Here, we report a high‐quality draft genome sequence for QB2. The Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) annotation server identified four β‐agarases (PdAgaA, PdAgaB, PdAgaC, and PdAgaD) as well as galK, galE, and phosphoglucomutase, which are related to the Leloir pathway. Interestingly, QB2 exhibited a diauxic growth in the presence of two kinds of nutrients, such as tryptone and agar. In cells grown with agar, the profiles of agarase activity and growth rate were very similar. galK, galE, and phosphoglucomutase genes were highly expressed in the second growth phase of diauxic growth, indicating that QB2 cells use galactose hydrolyzed from agar by its agarases and exhibit nutrient prioritization. This is the first report describing diauxic growth for agarolytic bacteria. QB2 is a potential novel model organism for studying diauxic growth in environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Furusawa
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Appalasamy Suganthi
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia.,Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Al-Ashraf Amirul
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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