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Yuan PB, Ling JH, Zhu JH, Peng C, Chen EZ, Zhong YX, Liu WT, Wang LJ, Yang L, Chen DQ. Proteomics profiling of ertapenem challenged major porin deficient carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Proteomics 2022; 268:104715. [PMID: 36058541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an urgent threat to human health. Major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) porin mutation is one important resistance mechanism of CRKP, and may also affect the inhibition activity of β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. The ertapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain 2018B120 with major porin mutations was isolated from a clinical patient. Genomic and time-series proteomic analyses were conducted to retrieve the ertapenem-challenged response of 2018B120. The abundance changing of proteins from PTS systems, ABC transporters, the autoinducer 2 (AI-2) quorum sensing system, and antioxidant systems can be observed. Overexpression of alternative porins was also noticed to balance major porins' defection. These findings added a detailed regulation network in bacterial resistance mechanisms and gave new insights into bypass adaptation mechanisms the porin deficient bacteria adopted under carbapenem antibiotics pressure. SIGNIFICANCE: Outer membrane porins deficiency is an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae. Comprehensive genomic and proteomic profiling of an ertapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain 2018B120 gives a detailed systematic regulation network in bacterial resistance mechanisms. Overexpression of alternative porins to balance major porins' defection was noticed, giving new insights into bypass adaptation mechanisms of porin deficient bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Bo Yuan
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Hui Ling
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Zhong Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhong
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan-Ting Liu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin-Jing Wang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding-Qiang Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Grakh K, Mittal D, Prakash A, Jindal N. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens and their environment in India. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:537-548. [PMID: 35112272 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for colibacillosis in poultry. APEC remains a constant problem for the poultry industry, despite the use of antimicrobials and disinfectants in farms. The endemicity of APEC in poultry farms is associated with its biofilm-forming ability, which is further aggravated by various virulence factors and resistance to multiple drugs that help bacteria to thrive under different environmental conditions. To characterize APEC from affected broiler chickens and their environments, samples (n=114) from dead birds (heart, liver, lungs, and cloacal swab) and surrounding environments such as feeder, drinker, litter, PVC pipe, water tank wall, feed, and water were collected. The collected samples were subjected to microbial isolation using MacConkey Lactose agar (MLA) and Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), which led to the isolation of 62 E. coli isolates. This was confirmed by uspA gene amplification and Vitek 2 Compact. These isolates were characterized using a set of five virulence genes (hlyF, ompT, iroN, iss, iutA), which yielded 47 (75.80%) isolates as APEC and the remaining as non-APEC. Furthermore, all the 62 isolates were subjected to microtiter plate assay for biofilm detection and the result showed that 36 (58.06%) isolates were able to form moderate to strong biofilms in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) at 72h of incubation. Of the 36 biofilm-producing isolates, 30 were APEC. Biofilm-related genes (crl, csgA, fimH, luxS, and papC) were also detected with higher prevalence among APEC isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test using Vitek 2 Compact revealed 43 (91.48%) of 47 APEC isolates as multiple drug resistant (MDR) and 8 (17.02%) as ESBL positive. This study reveals that APEC with biofilm formation ability is present in poultry farms. Further studies are needed to understand the role of biofilms in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Grakh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - Dinesh Mittal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
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Wang H, Shang F, Shen J, Xu J, Chen X, Ni J, Yu L, Xue T. LsrR, the effector of AI-2 quorum sensing, is vital for the H 2O 2 stress response in mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Res 2021; 52:127. [PMID: 34600565 PMCID: PMC8487509 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is an important causative agent of mastitis in dairy cows that results in reduced milk quality and production, and is responsible for severe economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. Oxidative stress, as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is a stress factor that is common in most bacterial habitats. The presence of ROS can damage cellular sites, including iron-sulfur clusters, cysteine and methionine protein residues, and DNA, and may cause bacterial cell death. Previous studies have reported that Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) can regulate E. coli antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity by mediating the intracellular receptor protein LsrR. This study explored the regulatory mechanism of LsrR on the H2O2 stress response in MPEC, showing that the transcript levels of lsrR significantly decreased under H2O2 stress conditions. The survival cell count of lsrR mutant XW10/pSTV28 was increased about 3080-fold when compared with that of the wild-type WT/pSTV28 in the presence of H2O2 and overexpression of lsrR (XW10/pUClsrR) resulted in a decrease in bacterial survival rates under these conditions. The β-galactosidase reporter assays showed that mutation of lsrR led to a remarkable increase in expression of the promoters of ahpCF, katG and oxyR, while lsrR-overexpressing significantly reduced the expression of ahpCF and katG. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that LsrR could directly bind to the promoter regions of ahpCF and katG. These results revealed the important role played by LsrR in the oxidative stress response of MPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jingtian Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lumin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, Shandong, China.
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Quorum sensing-1 signaling of N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone contributes to virulence in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:6079-6089. [PMID: 34545410 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) caused avian colibacillosis is mostly common in poultry industry worldwide. APEC virulence factors lead to pathogenesis and the quorum sensing (QS) system is actively involved in the regulation of these virulence factors. Signaling molecules in QS are known as autoinducers (AIs). In QS-1, E. coli encodes a single LuxR homolog, i.e., SdiA, but does not express the LuxI homolog, an acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase of producing AI-1. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) regulates its virulence genes expression in response to exogenous AHLs, but regulatory mechanisms of AHL and QS-1 are still unknown. This study targeted the APEC CE129 isolate as the reference strain, and the Yersinia enterocolitica yenI gene was expressed into APEC CE129. CE129/pyenI was conferred the ability to produce AHL signal. The CE129 SdiA mutant strain with an in-frame sdiA (AHL receptor) gene deletion was constructed by a λRed recombination system, which lost the ability to sense AHL. The goal of this study was to explore the function of QS-1 upon virulence and elucidate the regulatory effect of QS-1/AHL signals in the APEC strain. Adherence and invasion assays revealed that QS-1 affected APEC adherence and survival ability. APEC biofilm formation was also suppressed under C6HSL. Interestingly, APEC exhibited different phenotypes of acid tolerance and flagella expression when compared to enterotoxigenic E. coli or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (ETEC and EHEC, respectively). These findings enhance our understanding of the QS mechanism.
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Li Y, Chang Y, Huang X, Duan J, Ai Y, Zeng X, Guo J. Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Agents Targeting LuxS in the Quorum Sensing System. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211019625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is considered as a crucial factor in various oral diseases, such as dental caries. The quorum sensing (QS) signaling system was proved to have a crucial role in the microbial dental plaque biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans). LuxS was critical to regulating the QS system and survival of the bacterium, and, therefore, compounds which target LuxS may be a potential therapy for dental caries. The binding activities of 37,170 natural compounds to LuxS were virtually screened in this study. Baicalein and paeonol were chosen for further research of the binding mode and ΔG values with LuxS. Both baicalein and paeonol inhibited the biofilm formation without influence on the growth of S. mutans. Baicalein also distinctly reduced the production of both rhamnolipids and acids. The results provide us with a new approach to combat dental caries instead of the traditional use of antibacterial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
| | - Jincai Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
| | - Yiqun Chang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
| | - Yilong Ai
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
| | - Xuxin Zeng
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital & School of Medicine, Foshan University, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Digital Stomatology & Foshan Engineering Research Centre of Digital Stomatology Medicine, Foshan, China
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Yu L, Li W, Liu Z, Yu J, Wang W, Shang F, Xue T. Role of McbR in the regulation of antibiotic susceptibility in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6390-6401. [PMID: 33248554 PMCID: PMC7705038 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes a variety of bacterial infectious diseases known as avian colibacillosis leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide and restricting the development of the poultry industry. The development of efflux pumps is one important bacterial antibiotic resistance mechanism. Efflux pumps are capable of extruding a wide range of antibiotics out of the cytoplasm of some bacterial species, including β-lactams, polymyxins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, novobiocin, nalidixic acid, and fosfomycin. In the present study, we constructed the mcbR mutant and the mcbR-overexpressing strain of E. coli strain APECX40 and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, antibacterial activity assays, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of McbR on the genes encoding efflux pumps. Our results showed that McbR positively regulates cell susceptibility to 12 antibiotics, including clindamycin, lincomycin, cefotaxime, cefalexin, doxycycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, and rifampicin by activating the transcription of acrAB, acrD, emrD, and mdtD (P < 0.01). Additionally, EMSA indicated that McbR specifically binds to the promoter regions of acrAB, acrD, acrR, emrD, and mdtD. This study suggests that, in APECX40, McbR plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial susceptibility by directly activating the transcription of efflux pumps genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China.
| | - Wenchang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiangliu Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Yu L, Li W, Xue M, Li J, Chen X, Ni J, Shang F, Xue T. Regulatory Role of the Two-Component System BasSR in the Expression of the EmrD Multidrug Efflux in Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1163-1173. [PMID: 32379525 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to excessive use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of infectious diseases, bacteria have developed resistance to antibacterial drugs and toxic compounds. The development of multidrug efflux pumps is one of the important mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance. A multidrug efflux pump, EmrD, belonging to the major facilitator superfamily of transporters, confers resistance to many antimicrobial agents. BasSR, a typical two-component signal transduction system (TCS), regulates susceptibility to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B, and the anionic bile detergent, deoxycholic acid, in Escherichia coli. However, whether or not the BasSR TCS affects susceptibility or resistance to other antimicrobial agents and transcription of emrD has not been reported in E. coli. In the present study, we constructed the basSR mutants of wild-type MG1655 and clinical strain APECX40 and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, antibacterial activity assays, real-time reverse transcription-PCR experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to investigate the molecular mechanism by which BasSR regulates the EmrD multidrug efflux pump. Results showed that the basSR mutation increased cell susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents, including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, by downregulating the transcriptional levels of emrD. Furthermore, EMSA indicated that BasR could directly bind to the emrD promoter. Therefore, this study was the first to demonstrate that BasSR activates transcription of emrD by binding directly to its promoter region, and then decreases susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents in E. coli strains, APECX40 and MG1655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingtian Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Yu L, Li W, Li Q, Chen X, Ni J, Shang F, Xue T. Role of LsrR in the regulation of antibiotic sensitivity in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3675-3687. [PMID: 32616264 PMCID: PMC7597812 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a specific group of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli that causes a variety of extraintestinal diseases in chickens, ducks, pigeons, turkeys, and other avian species. These diseases lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. However, owing to excessive use of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance. The development of multidrug efflux pumps is one important bacterial antibiotic resistance mechanism. A multidrug efflux pump, MdtH, which belongs to the major facilitator superfamily of transporters, confers resistance to quinolone antibiotics such as norfloxacin and enoxacin. LsrR regulates hundreds of genes that participate in myriad biological processes, including mobility, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility. However, whether LsrR regulates mdtH transcription and then affects bacterial resistance to various antibiotics in APEC has not been reported. In the present study, the lsrR mutant was constructed from its parent strain APECX40 (WT), and high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the transcriptional profile of the WT and mutant XY10 strains. The results showed that lsrR gene deletion upregulated the mdtH transcript level. Furthermore, we also constructed the lsrR- and mdtH-overexpressing strains and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, antibacterial activity assays, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of LsrR on the MdtH multidrug efflux pump. The lsrR mutation and the mdtH-overexpressing strain decreased cell susceptibility to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline by upregulating mdtH transcript levels. In addition, the lsrR-overexpressing strain increased cell susceptibility to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline by downregulating mdtH transcript levels. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that LsrR directly binds to the mdtH promoter. Therefore, this study is the first to demonstrate that LsrR inhibits mdtH transcription by directly binding to its promoter region. This action subsequently increases susceptibility to the aforementioned four antibiotics in APECX40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jingtian Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Regulatory Mechanisms of the LuxS/AI-2 System and Bacterial Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01186-19. [PMID: 31383657 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01186-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quorum-sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism that controls the expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes and that plays critical roles in the adaption and survival of bacteria in their environment. The LuxS/AI-2 QS system, which uses AI-2 (autoinducer-2) as a signal molecule, has been identified in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As one of the important global regulatory networks in bacteria, it responds to fluctuations in the numbers of bacteria and regulates the expression of a number of genes, thus affecting cell behavior. We summarize here the known relationships between the LuxS/AI-2 system and drug resistance, discuss the inhibition of LuxS/AI-2 system as an approach to prevent bacterial resistance, and present new strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Anti-bacterial activity of baicalin against APEC through inhibition of quorum sensing and inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4063. [PMID: 30858423 PMCID: PMC6411720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), collectively known as causative agent of extraintestinal infections, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry. Currently, quorum sensing (QS), biofilm formation and virulence factors are considered as novel prospective targets for antimicrobial therapy to control APEC invasion. In addition, inflammatory responses are also served as the major pathological features of APEC invasion. This study was aimed to explore the effect of baicalin on APEC and APEC-induced inflammatory responses. After treatment with baicalin, we mainly examined the AI-2 secretion, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes of APEC, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the expression of NF-κB pathway. Our results showed that baicalin significantly inhibited the QS via decreasing the AI-2 secretion, biofilm formation, and the expression of virulence genes of APEC such as LsrB, LsrK, LuxS, pfs, H-NS, fimA, fimB, fyuA, csgA, csgB, and rpoS. Moreover, baicalin significantly attenuated the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the adhesion of APEC to chicken type II pneumocytes to reduce cell damage. Furthermore, baicalin also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation. Thus, our data revealed that baicalin could interfere with the quorum sensing, biofilm formation and virulence genes expression to relieve the APEC pathogenicity. Additionally, baicalin decreased the inflammatory responses of chicken type II pneumocytes induced by APEC. Taken together, these data provide a novel potential pharmaco-therapeutic approach to chicken colibacillosis.
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Yu L, Li W, Zhang M, Cui Y, Chen X, Ni J, Yu L, Shang F, Xue T. Autoinducer2 affects trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli dependent on the folate synthesis-associate pathway. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00582. [PMID: 29423970 PMCID: PMC6079169 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes airsacculitis, polyserositis, septicemia, and other mainly extraintestinal diseases in chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, and other avian species, and is responsible for great economic losses in the avian industry. The autoinducer 2 (AI‐2) quorum sensing system is widely present in many species of gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria and has been proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. In clinical APEC strains, whether or not AI‐2 affects the expression of antibiotic‐related genes has not been reported. In this study, we have reported that exogenous AI‐2 increase the susceptibility of APEC strains to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (SXT) in a folate synthesis‐dependent pathway but not in the LsrR‐dependent manner. Our results further explained that exogenous AI‐2 can down regulate the transcription of the folate synthetase encoding genes folA and folC, and the folate synthesis‐related genes luxS, metE, and metH. Gel shift assays confirmed that LsrR, the AI‐2 receptor, did not bind to the promoters of folA and folC, suggesting that exogenous AI‐2 might influence folate metabolism by a feedback inhibition effect but not in the LsrR‐dependent pathway. This study might provide further information in the search for potential drug targets for prophylaxis of avian colibacillosis and for auxiliary antibiotics in the treatment of avian colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Yu
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Wenchang Li
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yunmei Cui
- School of SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Jingtian Ni
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyAnhui Key Laboratory of ZoonosesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
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