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Sousa AM, Ferreira D, Rodrigues LR, Pereira MO. Aptamer-based therapy for fighting biofilm-associated infections. J Control Release 2024; 367:522-539. [PMID: 38295992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are key players in the pathogenesis of most of chronic infections associated with host tissue or fluids and indwelling medical devices. These chronic infections are hard to be treated due to the increased biofilms tolerance towards antibiotics in comparison to planktonic (or free living) cells. Despite the advanced understanding of their formation and physiology, biofilms continue to be a challenge and there is no standardized therapeutic approach in clinical practice to eradicate them. Aptamers offer distinctive properties, including excellent affinity, selectivity, stability, making them valuable tools for therapeutic purposes. This review explores the flexibility and designability of aptamers as antibiofilm drugs but, importantly, as targeting tools for diverse drug and delivery systems. It highlights specific examples of application of aptamers in biofilms of diverse species according to different modes of action including inhibition of motility and adhesion, blocking of quorum sensing molecules, and dispersal of biofilm-cells to planktonic state. Moreover, it discusses the limitations and challenges that impaired an increased success of the use of aptamers on biofilm management, as well as the opportunities related to aptamers modifications that can significantly expand their applicability on the biofilm field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Sousa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Débora Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lígia Raquel Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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2
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Peng Z, Tang J. Intestinal Infection of Candida albicans: Preventing the Formation of Biofilm by C. albicans and Protecting the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:783010. [PMID: 35185813 PMCID: PMC8847744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large mortality and morbidity rate of C. albicans infections is a crucial problem in medical mycology. Because the generation of biofilms and drug resistance are growing concerns, the growth of novel antifungal agents and the looking for newer objectives are necessary. In this review, inhibitors of C. albicans biofilm generation and molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial barrier protection are elucidated. Recent studies on various transcription elements; quorum-sensing molecules; host responses to adherence; and changes in efflux pumps, enzymes, bud to hyphal transition, and lipid profiles have increased the knowledge of the intricate mechanisms underlying biofilm resistance. In addition, the growth of novel biomaterials with anti-adhesive nature, natural products, drugs, bioactive compounds, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are being researched. Recently, more and more attention has been given to various metal nanoparticles that have also appeared as antibiofilm agents in C. albicans. The intestinal epithelial obstacle exerts an crucial effect on keeping intestinal homeostasis and is increasingly associated with various disorders associated with the intestine such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic syndrome, allergies, hepatic inflammation, septic shock, etc. However, whether their involvement in the prevention of other intestinal disorders like IBD are useful in C. albicans remains unknown. Further studies must be carried out in order to validate their inhibition functions in intestinal C. albicans. This provides innovates ideas for intestinal C. albicans treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Peng
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Bachtiar BM, Srisawat C, Rahayu RP, Soedjodono RD, Prabandari SA, Bachtiar EW. Validation of RNA Aptamer Probes to Image Candida albicans in Paraffin-Embedded Sections of Wistar Rat Tongue. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:543-548. [PMID: 34695860 PMCID: PMC9507554 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to validate the use of Ca-apt-1, an RNA aptamer, that we generated previously as a probe for immunostaining of
Candida albicans
in rat tongue paraffin-fixed tissue sections
Material and Methods
The performance of Ca-apt-1 as a detector molecule was compared with that of anti-
C. albicans
polyclonal antibody (PcAb), which was used as a positive control. Immunostaining images were visualized by light microscopy and were analyzed by using ImageJ software.
Results
Microscopic results demonstrated that Ca-apt-1 specifically recognized and immunostained
C. albicans
cells of rat tongue candidiasis, with a specificity comparable to that of PcAb. ImageJ analysis showed that the area (pixels) detected by Ca-apt-1 was wider than that detected by the antibody. This indicates that the binding affinity of Ca-apt-1 toward
C. albicans
was better than that of PcAb on paraffin-embedded tissues.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that Ca-apt-1 can be used as a probe for immunostaining of fixed tissue sections for oral candidiasis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry and NANOTEC-Mahidol, University Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Retno Pudji Rahayu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno D Soedjodono
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Wan Q, Liu X, Zu Y. Oligonucleotide aptamers for pathogen detection and infectious disease control. Theranostics 2021; 11:9133-9161. [PMID: 34522231 PMCID: PMC8419047 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During an epidemic or pandemic, the primary task is to rapidly develop precise diagnostic approaches and effective therapeutics. Oligonucleotide aptamer-based pathogen detection assays and control therapeutics are promising, as aptamers that specifically recognize and block pathogens can be quickly developed and produced through simple chemical synthesis. This work reviews common aptamer-based diagnostic techniques for communicable diseases and summarizes currently available aptamers that target various pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, this review discusses how oligonucleotide aptamers might be leveraged to control pathogen propagation and improve host immune system responses. This review offers a comprehensive data source to the further develop aptamer-based diagnostics and therapeutics specific for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Bachtiar BM, Gani BA, Deviana A, Utami NR, Andriyani AD, Bachtiar EW. The Discrepancy between Clove and Non-Clove Cigarette Smoke-Promoted Candida albicans Biofilm Formation with Precoating RNA-aptamer. F1000Res 2021; 10:372. [PMID: 34367616 PMCID: PMC8311812 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52266.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of precoating aptamer (Ca-apt1) on
C. albicans viability while the fungus was growing in the presence of exposing condensed cigarette smoke (CSC), prepared from clove (CCSC) and non-clove (NCSC) cigarettes, for 48 h. Using qPCR, we found that mRNA expression of adhesion-associated genes (
ALS3 and HWP1) was impaired by precoating
C. albicans yeast cells with the aptamer. Conversely, the gene transcription was upregulated when aptamer-uncoated yeast was pre-treated with either CSC. In addition, by analysing the result of MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, we found that the presence of added CCSC or NCSC in growth medium for 48 h was significantly enhanced
C. albicans biofilm development. However, the presence of precoated aptamer was significantly impaired biofilm development accelerated by the NCSC. The inhibitory effect of the Ca-apt1 was not dependent on the precoated aptamer (1ng/μL and 10 ng/μL). Interestingly, we noted that the enhancer effect of treated CCSC was no longer effective when the yeast had been precoated with 10 ng/μL aptamer tested. Additionally, light microscopy analysis revealed that precoating aptamer alleviates morphological changes of
C. albicans (from yeast to hypha formation) that are enhanced by adding CCSC or NCSC in the growth medium. In conclusion, these results suggest that administration on Ca-ap1 exhibits a significant protective effect on CSC-induced biofilm formation by
C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy Muchlis Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Basri A Gani
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Syah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Nagroe Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Astri Deviana
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Rilo Utami
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anissa Dien Andriyani
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
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Prusty JS, Kumar A. Innovative screening and drug susceptibility analysis on Candida albicans using Foldscope microscopy. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Septiana S, Bachtiar BM, Yuliana ND, Wijaya CH. Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro. F1000Res 2020; 8:1923. [PMID: 32528653 PMCID: PMC7269370 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20700.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes
the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to
maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida
albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial
step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed
several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to
interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study
aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual
cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm
comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was
assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay,
colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and
qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly
reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed
this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C.
albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S.
mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the
transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by
C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR
results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans
yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan
production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed
the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom
oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition
capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to
maintain the yeast form of C. albicans and to inhibit
extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans.
Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively
by the CC tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siska Septiana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Boy Muchlis Bachtiar
- Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
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Septiana S, Bachtiar BM, Yuliana ND, Wijaya CH. Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro. F1000Res 2019; 8:1923. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20700.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the commensal form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.
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9
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Bachtiar BM, Srisawat C, Bachtiar EW. RNA aptamers selected against yeast cells inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation in vitro. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00812. [PMID: 30779315 PMCID: PMC6692556 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers that bind live bacterial cells have been widely investigated, but their potential to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation needs to be further explored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the binding of C. albicans to RNA aptamers and to examine the potential of aptamers to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro. In this study, RNA aptamers selected against yeast cells of C. albicans ATCC 10231 were developed using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. The binding affinity of the resulting aptamers was then determined by an aptamer‐linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA), and a colorimetric (MTT) assay was used to measure the metabolic activity of Candida biofilms. After 11 rounds of SELEX, two candidate aptamers, Ca‐apt‐1 and Ca‐apt‐12, were identified. The Ca‐apt‐1 aptamer also recognized C. albicans isolated from clinical specimens but did not recognize other oral microorganisms (i.e., Streptococcus mutans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The ALISA results showed that the binding affinity of these aptamers was comparable to that of an anti‐C. albicans monoclonal antibody. In addition, Ca‐apt‐1 could inhibit biofilm and hyphal formation of C. albicans in vitro, as demonstrated using biofilm assays. This study shows that RNA aptamers could potentially be used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for C. albicans‐related disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Oral Research Science Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry and NANOTEC-Mahidol University Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Oral Research Science Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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