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Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Antioxidant properties and L-asparaginase activities of endophytic fungi from Cymbidium orchids. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:713-722. [PMID: 37995083 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
This study profiled the various endophytic fungi isolated from the orchid Cymbidium sp. and their L-asparaginase production and antioxidant potential. The L-asparaginase production was first screened through qualitative plate screening then quantified by the Nesslerization method. The antioxidant potential was quantified via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. A total of 30 endophytic fungi were isolated and all fungal isolates exhibited various degrees of radical scavenging activities (45.28% to 76.4%). Isolate Lasiodiplodia theobromae (C11) had the highest antioxidant capacity, represented by the lowest IC50 value (5.75 mg/mL) and highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity value (12.17 mg/g). Additionally, 16 isolates produced L-asparaginase (53.33%), which includes primarily species of Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. A new isolate has also been discovered from Cymbidium orchid, Buergenerula spartinae (C28), which showed the highest L-asparaginase activity (1.736 unit/mL). These findings supported the postulation that medicinal species of Orchidaceae such as Cymbidium sp. harbor endophytes that are producers of L-asparaginase and antioxidants with various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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2
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Souza JADM, Gubiani JR, de Siqueira KA, de Camargo MJ, Garcez WS, de Sousa PT, Soares MA, Araújo ÂR, Nunes EVDS, Vieira LCC, Sampaio OM, Goulart LS, Biasetto CR, de Menezes OT, de Oliveira CM, Nogueira CR, Pinto LDS, Teles HL. Antimicrobial metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Vochysia divergens. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:978-985. [PMID: 37154616 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2208723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the endophytic fungi Nigrospora sphaerica, Nigrospora oryzae, and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum MeOH fractions isolated from the leaves of Vochysia divergens, a medicinal species from the Brazilian Pantanal, led to the identification of five compounds, namely a new compound (1E,8Z)-10,11-dihydroxy-5,5,8-trimethyl-4-oxocycloundeca-1,8-diene-1-carbaldehyde (1) and four known compounds: 5-methylmellein (2), sclerone (3), daldinone A (4), and lasiodiplodin (5). All compounds were identified using spectroscopic methods, and 1 was corroborated with mass spectrometry, while the known compounds were compared with data in the literature. The relative configuration of compound 1 was determined based on theoretical conformational studies as well as the J experimental values between the hydroxymethyne hydrogens. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated. Promising results were obtained for compounds 2, 4, and 5 since they inhibited the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, suggesting the potential of these microorganisms as a source of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, São Paulo University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walmir S Garcez
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Paulo T de Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Soares
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Ângela R Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, NuBBE, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Emanuel V Dos S Nunes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, NuBBE, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lucas C C Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Olívia M Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Goulart
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Carolina R Biasetto
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, NuBBE, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Orivaldo T de Menezes
- Institute of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Brazil
| | - Camila M de Oliveira
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Cláudio R Nogueira
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Luciano da S Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Helder L Teles
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil
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Toppo P, Jangir P, Mehra N, Kapoor R, Mathur P. Bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Anisomeles indica L. for their diverse role in agricultural and industrial sectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:588. [PMID: 38182714 PMCID: PMC10770348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit various plant parts and cause no damage to the host plants. During the last few years, a number of novel endophytic fungi have been isolated and identified from medicinal plants and were found to be utilized as bio-stimulants and bio fertilizers. In lieu of this, the present study aims to isolate and identify endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Anisomeles indica L. an important medicinal plant of the Terai-Duars region of West Bengal. A total of ten endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of A. indica and five were identified using ITS1/ITS4 sequencing based on their ability for plant growth promotion, secondary metabolite production, and extracellular enzyme production. Endophytic fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum yulongense Ai1, Colletotrichum cobbittiense Ai2, Colletotrichum alienum Ai2.1, Colletotrichum cobbittiense Ai3, and Fusarium equiseti. Five isolates tested positive for their plant growth promotion potential, while isolates Ai4. Ai1, Ai2, and Ai2.1 showed significant production of secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Isolate Ai2 showed maximum total phenolic concentration (25.98 mg g-1), while isolate Ai4 showed maximum total flavonoid concentration (20.10 mg g-1). Significant results were observed for the production of extracellular enzymes such as cellulases, amylases, laccases, lipases, etc. The isolates significantly influenced the seed germination percentage of tomato seedlings and augmented their growth and development under in vitro assay. The present work comprehensively tested these isolates and ascertained their huge application for the commercial utilization of these isolates both in the agricultural and industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Toppo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Pooja Jangir
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Namita Mehra
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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4
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Bogas AC, Cruz FPN, Lacava PT, Sousa CP. Endophytic fungi: an overview on biotechnological and agronomic potential. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e258557. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.258557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Endophytic fungi colonize the inter- and/or intracellular regions of healthy plant tissues and have a close symbiotic relationship with their hosts. These microorganisms produce antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds that enable them to survive in competitive habitats with other microorganisms. In addition, secondary metabolites confer protection to their host plant against other bacterial and fungal pathogens and/or can promote plant growth. Endophytic fungi are viewed as a promising source of bioactive natural products, which can be optimized through changes in growing conditions. The exploration of novel bioactive molecules produced by these microorganisms has been attracting attention from researchers. The chemical and functional diversity of natural products from endophytic fungi exhibits a broad spectrum of applications in medicine, agriculture, industry and the environment. Fungal endophytes can also enhance the photoprotective effects and photochemical efficiency in the host plants. Modern omic approaches have facilitated research investigating symbiotic plant-endophytic fungi interactions. Therefore, research on endophytic fungi can help discovery novel biomolecules for various biotechnological applications and develop a sustainable agriculture.
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Kumar V, Prasher IB. Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Dillenia indica Linn. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:332-349. [PMID: 37129740 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live symbiotically inside plants and are hidden source of natural bioactive molecules. The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the ethnomedicinal plant Dillenia indica L. The ethyl acetate crude extracts of the endophytic fungal strains were preliminarily evaluated for their phytochemical analysis, and the results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpene, and saponins. The crude extracts of more than 60% of the isolates showed 50-90% antioxidant activity by DPPH and H2O2 assay. The inhibition percentage of ethyl acetate extracts ranges from 34.05 to 91.5%, whereas IC50 values vary from 72.2 to 691.14%. Among all the strains, Fomitopsis meliae crude extract showed a maximum inhibition percentage, i.e., 91.5%, with an IC50 value of 88.27 µg/mL. Chaetomium globosum showed significant activity having an inhibition percentage of 89.88% and an IC50 value of 74.44 µg/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the crude extract of Chaetomium globosum was 37.4 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW and 31.0 mg quercetin equivalent (GAE)/g DW. GC-MS analysis of crude extract of C. globosum revealed different compounds, such as squalene; butanoic acid, 2-methyl-; hexadecanoic acid; 2-propanone, 1-phenyl-; 5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z)- etc. Many of these belong to phenolics, which are natural antioxidant compounds. The findings suggested that endophytic fungi associated with Dillenia indica L. can be a potential source of novel antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - I B Prasher
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Romão TC, Menezes-Filho ACP, Harakava R, Castro CFS, Morais PB. Molecular and morphological diversity, qualitative chemical profile and antioxidant activity of filamentous fungi of the digestive tract of Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e259983. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to identify by molecular analysis, morphology, chemistry and antioxidant extracts of filamentous fungi isolated from the digestive tract of Phylloicus sp, an aquatic insect that lives on leaf packages in tropical streams and participates together with fungi of the decomposition of plant substrates in aquatic habitats. Insect larvae of Phylloicus sp. were collected in streams in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Fungi were isolated from the digestive tract of larvae after disinfection and dissection, then described and purified for identification purposes and testing for antioxidant activity. Molecular identity was performed of ITS1 and ITS4, TUB e TEF sequencing. Fungal extracts were produced in 70% ethanol solution and later lyophilized. For analysis of chemical groups of extracts, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed in two mobile phases and different developers. Morphology was performed by optical microscopy stained with Toluidine Blue and measurement performed using the ImageJ program. Antioxidant activity performed in TLC and by quantitative method for DPPH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals. Four fungi were identified: Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Myxospora musae, Neopestalotiopsis cubana and Fusarium pseudocircinatum. The TLC showed several spots with acetone/chloroform mobile phase and UV 254 nm developers and I2 vapor. Fungal extracts demonstrate antioxidant action to reduce the DPPH free radical and especially for H2O2 above 50%, E. endophytica 91.6%, M. musae 87.8%, N. cubana 89.5% and 92.3% for F. pseudocircinatum. This study demonstrated that the molecular technique by PCR was satisfactory for identifying fungi, and extracts with numerous chemical groups and potent reducing agents. Thus future work, should be carried out evaluating these four species for industrial use.
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Charria-Girón E, Marin-Felix Y, Beutling U, Franke R, Brönstrup M, Vasco-Palacios AM, Caicedo NH, Surup F. Metabolomics insights into the polyketide-lactones produced by Diaporthe caliensis sp. nov., an endophyte of the medicinal plant Otoba gracilipes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0274323. [PMID: 37921483 PMCID: PMC10715209 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02743-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The integration of metabolomics-based approaches into the discovery pipeline has enabled improved mining and prioritization of prolific secondary metabolite producers such as endophytic fungi. However, relying on automated untargeted analysis tools might lead to misestimation of the chemical complexity harbored in these organisms. Our study emphasizes the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of the respective metabolites in addition to deep metabolome analysis for the correct interpretation of untargeted metabolomics approaches such as molecular networking. Additionally, it encourages the further exploration of endophytic fungi from traditional medicinal plants for the discovery of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Charria-Girón
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Departamento de Ciencias biológicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Ciencias Aplicadas, Bioprocesos y Biotecnología, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Beutling
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Raimo Franke
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aida M. Vasco-Palacios
- Grupo de Microbiología Ambiental y Grupo BioMicro, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Asociación Colombiana de Micología, ASCOLMIC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nelson H. Caicedo
- Departamento de Ciencias biológicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Ciencias Aplicadas, Bioprocesos y Biotecnología, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Centro BioInc, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Hashem AH, Attia MS, Kandil EK, Fawzi MM, Abdelrahman AS, Khader MS, Khodaira MA, Emam AE, Goma MA, Abdelaziz AM. Bioactive compounds and biomedical applications of endophytic fungi: a recent review. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:107. [PMID: 37280587 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human life has been significantly impacted by the creation and spread of novel species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and virus strains that are difficult to manage. Scientists and researchers have recently been motivated to seek out alternatives and other sources of safe and ecologically friendly active chemicals that have a powerful and effective effect against a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria as a result of all these hazards and problems. In this review, endophytic fungi and their bioactive compounds and biomedical applications were discussed. Endophytes, a new category of microbial source that can produce a variety of biological components, have major values for study and broad prospects for development. Recently, endophytic fungi have received much attention as a source for new bioactive compounds. In addition, the variety of natural active compounds generated by endophytes is due to the close biological relationship between endophytes and their host plants. The bioactive compounds separated from endophytes are usually classified as steroids, xanthones, terpenoids, isocoumarins, phenols, tetralones, benzopyranones and enniatines. Moreover, this review discusses enhancement methods of secondary metabolites production by fungal endophytes which include optimization methods, co-culture method, chemical epigenetic modification and molecular-based approaches. Furthermore, this review deals with different medical applications of bioactive compounds such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esalm K Kandil
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Fawzi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdelrahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Khader
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khodaira
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah E Emam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Goma
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Devi R, Abdulhaq A, Verma R, Sharma K, Kumar D, Kumar A, Tapwal A, Yadav R, Mohan S. Improvement in the Phytochemical Content and Biological Properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni Plant Using Endophytic Fungi Fusarium fujikuroi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051151. [PMID: 36904011 PMCID: PMC10005530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants through inoculation with endophytic fungi. As endophytes influence medicinal plants' biological properties, twenty fungal strains were isolated from the medicinal plant Ocimum tenuiflorum. Among all fungal isolates, the R2 strain showed the highest antagonistic activity towards plant pathogenic fungi Rosellinia necatrix and Fusarium oxysporum. The partial ITS region of the R2 strain was deposited in the GenBank nucleotide sequence databases under accession number ON652311 as Fusarium fujikuroi isolate R2 OS. To ascertain the impact of an endophytic fungus on the biological functions of medicinal plants, Stevia rebaudiana seeds were inoculated with Fusarium fujikuroi (ON652311). In the DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the inoculated Stevia plant extracts (methanol, chloroform, and positive control) was 72.082 µg/mL, 85.78 µg/mL, and 18.86 µg/mL, respectively. In the FRAP assay, the IC50 value of the inoculated Stevia extracts (methanol, chloroform extract, and positive control) was 97.064 µM Fe2+ equivalents, 117.662 µM Fe2+ equivalents, and 53.384 µM Fe2+ equivalents, respectively. In the extracts of the plant inoculated with endophytic fungus, rutin and syringic acid (polyphenols) concentrations were 20.8793 mg/L and 5.4389 mg/L, respectively, which were higher than in the control plant extracts. This approach can be further utilized for other medicinal plants to increase their phytochemical content and hence medicinal potential in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ahmed Abdulhaq
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
- Correspondence: (R.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Kiran Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171013, India
| | - Ashwani Tapwal
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171013, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Shoolini Life Sciences, Private Limited, Solan 173229, India
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: (R.V.); (S.M.)
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Chen G, Xu Z, Wang F, Liu L, Wei Y, Li J, Zhang L, Zheng K, Wu L, Men X, Zhang H. Extraction, characterization, and biological activities of exopolysaccharides from plant root soil fungus Fusarium merismoides A6. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:199-211. [PMID: 36370337 PMCID: PMC9943999 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of polysaccharides from microorganisms is of great importance. In this study, a new type of exopolysaccharide excreted by Fusarium merismoides A6 (FM-EPS) was isolated, and the extraction conditions were optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction temperature at 0 °C, a precipitation time of 7.83 h, and an ethanol precipitation concentration of 77.64% were predicted and proved to be the best extraction conditions with the maximum extraction yield of 0.74 g/mL. Then, two fractions of F. merismoides A6 exopolysaccharides (FM-EPS1 and FM-EPS2) were obtained through DEAE Sepharose fast flow column chromatography. As indicated by monosaccharide composition analysis, both fractions mainly consisted of mannose, glucose, galactose, and ribose, with an average molecular weight of 5.14 × 104 and 6.50 × 104 g/mol, respectively. FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy indicated the FM-EPSs had both α- and β-glycosidic bonds. Moreover, the determination of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in vitro proved that FM-EPSs had good antioxidant activities and antiproliferation activities. FM-EPS1 showed stronger antioxidant activities than FM-EPS2. FM-EPS2 showed antiproliferation activities on HeLa and HepG2 cells, while FM-EPS1 had no obvious antiproliferative activity. Therefore, FM-EPSs could be explored as potential antioxidant and anticancer agent applied in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenxiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Great Wall Cigar Factory Technology Development Center of China Tobacco Sichuan, Shifang, 618400, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Kunming, 650106, China.
| | - Xiao Men
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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Shahbaz M, Akram A, Mehak A, Haq EU, Fatima N, Wareen G, Fitriatin BN, Sayyed RZ, Ilyas N, Sabullah MK. Evaluation of Selenium Nanoparticles in Inducing Disease Resistance against Spot Blotch Disease and Promoting Growth in Wheat under Biotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:761. [PMID: 36840109 PMCID: PMC9958785 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, SeNPs were synthesized using Melia azedarach leaf extracts and investigated for growth promotion in wheat under the biotic stress of spot blotch disease. The phytosynthesized SeNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of phytosynthesized SeNPs (i.e., 100 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, and 300 μg/mL) was evaluated using the well diffusion method, which reported that 300 μg/mL showed maximum fungus growth inhibition. For in vivo study, different concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of SeNPs were applied exogenously to evaluate the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters under control conditions and determine when infection was induced. Among all treatments, 30 mg/L of SeNPs performed well and increased the plant height by 2.34% compared to the control and 30.7% more than fungus-inoculated wheat. Similarly, fresh plant weight and dry weight increased by 17.35% and 13.43% over the control and 20.34% and 52.48% over the fungus-treated wheat, respectively. In leaf surface area and root length, our findings were 50.11% and 10.37% higher than the control and 40% and 71% higher than diseased wheat, respectively. Plant physiological parameters i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, were increased 14, 133, and 16.1 times over the control and 157, 253, and 42 times over the pathogen-inoculated wheat, respectively. Our findings regarding carotenoid content, relative water content, and the membrane stability index were 29-, 49-, and 81-fold higher than the control and 187-, 63-, and 48-fold higher than the negative control, respectively. In the case of plant biochemical parameters, proline, sugar, flavonoids, and phenolic contents were recorded at 6, 287, 11, and 34 times higher than the control and 32, 107, 33, and 4 times more than fungus-inoculated wheat, respectively. This study is considered the first biocompatible approach to evaluate the potential of green-synthesized SeNPs as growth-promoting substances in wheat under the spot blotch stress and effective management strategy to inhibit fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Abida Akram
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Asma Mehak
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan ul Haq
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gull Wareen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Betty Natalie Fitriatin
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources Management, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society for Sustainable Agriculture, Auburn Ventures, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Khalizan Sabullah
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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12
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Phytochemical screening and antioxidative property evaluation of lipid-producing fungi. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:65. [PMID: 36637545 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The increased demands for natural bioactive compounds have induced the search for unusual sources. Microorganisms, especially fungi are a potent source of secondary metabolites, which could act mainly as antioxidant compounds to prevent oxidative stress. In the present study three soil-isolated fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus heteromorphus and Aspergillus fumigatus, were screened for their oleaginous property as well as their potential for the production of bioactive compounds. Fungal biomasses were freeze dried and extracted with methanol using a cold percolation process for the production of intracellular metabolites and the fungal culture media after fermentation were examined for extracellular metabolites. Intracellular and extracellular extracts of the isolated fungi along with the single-cell oils extracted from those fungi were screened for phytochemicals, which showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoides, glycosides, phenols, saponins and terpenoids. All strains showed potent antioxidant activity, determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity. Extracellular extract and single-cell oil of A. heteromorphus showed the highest antioxidant activity with maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing potential. Highest content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds within the isolated fungi was found to be 37.58 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 62.07 mg catechine equivalent (CE)/g, respectively. Chromatographic analysis of the intracellular and extracellular extracts of the fungi showed the presence of gallic acid, di-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, epigerin, kampferol, trans cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which made them biologically important and beneficial for human health.
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Si J, Wu L. Metabolites of medicine food homology-derived endophytic fungi and their activities. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1882-1896. [PMID: 36276242 PMCID: PMC9579210 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicine food homology (MFH) substances not only provide essential nutrients as food but also have corresponding factors that can prevent and help treat nutritional imbalances, chronic disease, and other related issues. Endophytic fungi associated with plants have potential for use in drug discovery and food therapy. However, the endophytic fungal metabolites from MFH plants and their effects have been overlooked. Therefore, this review focuses on the various biological activities of 108 new metabolites isolated from 53 MFH-derived endophytic fungi. The paper explores the potential nutritional and medicinal value of metabolites of MFH-derived endophytic fungi for food and medical applications. This research is important for the future development of effective, safe, and nontoxic therapeutic nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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14
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Purewal SS, Kaur P, Garg G, Sandhu KS, Salar RK. Antioxidant, anti-cancer, and debittering potential of edible fungi (Aspergillus oryzae) for bioactive ingredient in personalized foods. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Hassane AMA, Hussien SM, Abouelela ME, Taha TM, Awad MF, Mohamed H, Hassan MM, Hassan MHA, Abo-Dahab NF, El-Shanawany ARA. In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Efficiency of Bio-Potent Secondary Metabolites From Different Taxa of Black Seed-Producing Plants and Their Derived Mycoendophytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:930161. [PMID: 35928959 PMCID: PMC9344008 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.930161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple health complications, and it has become a major focus in targeted research fields. As known, black seeds are rich sources of bio-active compounds and widely used to promote human health due to their excellent medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. The present study investigated the antioxidant potency of various black seeds from plants and their derived mycoendophytes, and determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in different extracts, followed by characterization of major constituents by HPLC analysis. Finally, in silico docking determined their binding affinities to target myeloperoxidase enzymes. Ten dominant mycoendophytes were isolated from different black seed plants. Three isolates were then selected based on high antiradical potency and further identified by ITS ribosomal gene sequencing. Those isolated were Aspergillus niger TU 62, Chaetomium madrasense AUMC14830, and Rhizopus oryzae AUMC14823. Nigella sativa seeds and their corresponding endophyte A. niger had the highest content of phenolics in their n-butanol extracts (28.50 and 24.43 mg/g), flavonoids (15.02 and 11.45 mg/g), and antioxidant activities (90.48 and 81.48%), respectively, followed by Dodonaea viscosa and Portulaca oleracea along with their mycoendophytic R. oryzae and C. madrasense. Significant positive correlations were found between total phenolics, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activities of different tested extracts. The n-butanol extracts of both black seeds and their derived mycoendophytes showed reasonable IC50 values (0.81–1.44 mg/ml) compared to the control with significant correlations among their phytochemical contents. Overall, seventeen standard phenolics and flavonoids were used, and the compounds were detected in different degrees of existence and concentration in the examined extracts through HPLC analysis. Moreover, the investigation of the molecular simulation results of detected compounds against the myeloperoxidase enzyme revealed that, as a targeted antioxidant, rutin possessed a high affinity (−15.3184 kcal/mol) as an inhibitor. Taken together, the black seeds and their derived mycoendophytes are promising bio-prospects for the broad industrial sector of antioxidants with several valuable potential pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. A. Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Abdallah M. A. Hassane, ; Mohamed E. Abouelela,
| | - Saleh M. Hussien
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Abdallah M. A. Hassane, ; Mohamed E. Abouelela,
| | - Taher M. Taha
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Al Bahah University, Al-Mandaq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Mohammad M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufiya University, Sheben Al Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H. A. Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Nageh F. Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Rana S, Singh SK, Dufossé L. Multigene Phylogeny, Beauvericin Production and Bioactive Potential of Fusarium Strains Isolated in India. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070662. [PMID: 35887419 PMCID: PMC9320867 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of the genus Fusarium has been in a flux because of ambiguous circumscription of species-level identification based on morphotaxonomic criteria. In this study, multigene phylogeny was conducted to resolve the evolutionary relationships of 88 Indian Fusarium isolates based on the internal transcribed spacer region, 28S large subunit, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, beta-tubulin and calmodulin gene regions. Fusarium species are well known to produce metabolites such as beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins. These identified isolates were subjected to fermentation in Fusarium-defined media for BEA production and tested using TLC, HPLC and HRMS. Among 88 isolates studied, 50 were capable of producing BEA, which varied from 0.01 to 15.82 mg/g of biomass. Fusarium tardicrescens NFCCI 5201 showed maximum BEA production (15.82 mg/g of biomass). The extract of F. tardicrescens NFCCI 5201 showed promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusMLS16 MTCC 2940 and Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470 with MIC of 62.5 and 15.63 µg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the F. tardicrescens NFCCI 5201 extract in potato dextrose agar (40 µg/mL) exhibited antifungal activity in the food poison technique against plant pathogenic and other fungi, Rhizoctonia solani NFCCI 4327, Sclerotium rolfsii NFCCI 4263, Geotrichum candidum NFCCI 3744 and Pythium sp. NFCCI 3482, showing % inhibition of 84.31, 49.76, 38.22 and 35.13, respectively. The antibiotic effect was found to synergize when Fusarium extract and amphotericin B (20 µg/mL each in potato dextrose agar) were used in combination against Rhizopus sp. NFCCI 2108, Sclerotium rolfsii NFCCI 4263, Bipolaris sorokiniana NFCCI 4690 and Absidia sp. NFCCI 2716, showing % inhibition of 50.35, 79.37, 48.07 and 76.72, respectively. The extract also showed satisfactory dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.675 mg/mL. This study reveals the correct identity of the Indian Fusarium isolates based on multigene phylogeny and also throws light on BEA production potential, suggesting their possible applicability in the medicine, agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwali Rana
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India;
- Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India;
- Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
- Correspondence: or (S.K.S.); (L.D.); Tel.: +91-20-2532-5103 (S.K.S.); +33-66-873-1906 (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chembiopro Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, ESIROI Département Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: or (S.K.S.); (L.D.); Tel.: +91-20-2532-5103 (S.K.S.); +33-66-873-1906 (L.D.)
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Sureshkumar S, Merlin I, Prasai JR, Rajapriya P, Pandi M. Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical potentials of fungal bioactive secondary metabolites. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1379-1392. [PMID: 35680569 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on antioxidant, antibacterial, phytochemical potential, and cytotoxicity of secondary metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria arborescens, and Pestalotiopsis vismiae. The scavenging effect of fungal metabolites was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H2 O2 , O2 -, and reducing power assays. Among the four fungi, A. arborescens have higher antioxidant activity of DPPH (81.12%), H2 O2 (74.83%), superoxide (75.74%), and reducing power (0.141) with standard ascorbic acid. Fungal metabolites were found to be significantly effective against all tested pathogens. A. arborescens showed significant amounts of phenolic (138.78 ± 3.70 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent), flavonoid (74.16 ± 3.58 mg/g of quercetin equivalent), as well as cytotoxicity effects in a cancer cell line (A549) with inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 35 µg/ml at 24 and 48 h). The live and dead cells were analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods. In addition, A. arborescens metabolites were characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The major compounds were found to be phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, acetamide, N-(3-methylphenyl)-, dibutyl phthalate, and benzo[qr]naphtho[2,1,8,7-fghi] pentacene. The compounds were reported in A. arborescensis up to our knowledge this is the first report. Based on this study, all fungal strains have a significant bioactive capacity with A. arborescens strain exhibiting greater biological properties. Further purification and characterization of A. arborescens bioactive component could lead to an intriguing reservoir of novel pharmacological agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthuran Sureshkumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Iniya Merlin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Jiwan R Prasai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Pandy Rajapriya
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.,Department of Zoology, M.S.S, Wakf Board College, Madurai, India
| | - Mohan Pandi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Genome Features and AntiSMASH Analysis of an Endophytic Strain Fusarium sp. R1. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060521. [PMID: 35736454 PMCID: PMC9229708 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are one of the most prolific sources of functional biomolecules with therapeutic potential. Besides playing an important role in serious plant diseases, Fusarium strains possess the powerful capability to produce a diverse array of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). In order to in-depth mine gene clusters for SM biosynthesis of the genus Fusarium, an endophytic strain Fusarium sp. R1 isolated from Rumex madaio Makino was extensively investigated by whole-genome sequencing and in-depth bioinformatic analysis, as well as antiSMASH annotation. The results displayed that strain R1 harbors a total of 51.8 Mb genome, which consists of 542 contigs with an N50 scaffold length of 3.21 Mb and 50.4% GC content. Meanwhile, 19,333 functional protein-coding genes, 338 tRNA and 111 rRNA were comprehensively predicted and highly annotated using various BLAST databases including non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence, nucleotide (Nt) sequence, Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), as well as Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases. Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) results showed that strain R1 has 37 SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 17 nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), 13 polyketide synthetases (PKSs), 3 terpene synthases (Ts), 3 hybrid NRPS + PKS and 1 hybrid indole + NRPS. These findings improve our knowledge of the molecular biology of the genus Fusarium and would promote the discovery of new bioactive SMs from strain R1 using gene mining strategies including gene knockout and heteroexpression.
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Bioactive potentials of endophyte (Fusarium redolens) isolated from Olea europaea. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:219. [PMID: 35333980 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During past few decades, endophytes have gained importance due their ability to produce bioactive compounds. Many medicinal plants are being exploited for the endophytic isolation to obtain drugs of interest. This study explored the fungal endophytes of Olive (Olea europaea L.) stem from which Fusarium redolens was selected for investigation of bioactive potential. The endophyte was identified using morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal-deoxyribonucleic acid (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. The GCMS analysis of the crude extract yielded chrysophanol and fumaric acid. The culture filtrate of ethyl acetate extract showed significant cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the screening of antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate fungal extract using DPPH scavenging assay showed that Fusarium redolens extract exhibited potential activity with a significant EC50 value of 144.7 µg/mL.
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Screening of secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum and host Digitaria bicornis by spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:206. [PMID: 35267103 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perennial grasses are hosts to an extremely diverse assemblage of endophytic fungi, but their significance is still underexplored. In the present study, an endophytic fungus was isolated from the aerial regions of Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. and was characterized by morphological and molecular methods (ITS rDNA region), as Penicillium citrinum Thom. The crude extracts of endophytic fungus and host were recovered and evaluated for their antioxidant potential by spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. The present study was also an attempt to compare the anti-radical power of extracts by spectrophotometric (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) methods and suggested that cyclic voltammetry could be used routinely instead of assaying by more number of spectrophotometric methods. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of P. citrinum and methanolic extract of D. bicornis has potential compounds with antioxidant and other pharmaceutical activities. Nine and 17 antioxidant biomolecules, respectively, in P. citrinum and D. bicornis extracts were detected by OHR-LC-MS and the presence of function group of the bioactive compounds was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the study also reported that the extracts of P. citrinum and D. bicornis have several bioactive compounds with application in commercial pharmaceutical industries.
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Production of Non-Volatile Metabolites from Sooty Molds and Their Bio-Functionalities. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, eleven sooty mold isolates were collected from different tropical host plants. The isolates were identified under Capnodium, Leptoxyphium and Trichomerium, based on morphology and phylogeny. For the secondary metabolite analysis, the isolates were grown on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The well-grown mycelia were filtered and extracted over methanol (MeOH). The metabolites in the growth medium (or filtrate) were extracted over ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The antifungal activities of each crude extract were tested over Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. The metabolites were further tested for their total phenolic, flavonoid and protein content prior to their antioxidant and anti-fungal potential evaluation. The MeOH extracts of sooty molds were enriched with proteins and specifically inhibited Curvularia sp. The total phenolic content and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activity was largely recovered from the filtrate corresponding to the inhibition of Alternaria sp.; while the flavonoid and free radical reduction suggested a relative induction of growth of the Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. Hence, this study reveals the diversity of sooty molds in Thailand by a modern phylogenetic approach. Furthermore, the preliminary screening of the isolates reveals the potential of finding novel compounds and providing insights for the future research on secondary metabolites of bio-trophic fungi and their potential usage on sustainable agriculture.
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Asim S, Hussain A, Murad W, Hamayun M, Iqbal A, Rehman H, Tawab A, Irshad M, Alataway A, Dewidar AZ, Elansary HO, Lee IJ. Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum GW controlling weed and an effective biostimulant for wheat growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922343. [PMID: 36003803 PMCID: PMC9394004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat crop has to compete with several weeds including Avena fatua, a noxious weed that alone is responsible for 30-70% losses in the yield annually. Because of the environmental concerns associated with conventional methods, researchers are on a continuous hunt to find clean alternatives in order to manage weeds. Fungi have shown promising weedicide potential in lab studies. The current study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from wheat plants which can promote wheat growth and inhibit the growth of common weed, A. fatua. Of several isolates, GW (grayish white) was selected for its promising features, and the strain was identified as Fusarium oxisporum through ITS sequencing technique. This fungus released a number of compounds including Isovitexin, Calycosin, quercetagetin, and dihydroxy-dimethoxyisoflavone that inhibited the growth of A. fatua but did not influence the growth of wheat seedlings. Biomass of this fungus in the soil also reduced growth parameters of the weed and promoted the growth of wheat. For instance, the vigor index of A. fatua seedlings was reduced to only 6% of the control by this endophyte. In contrast, endophyte-associated wheat seedlings showed a higher vigor index than the control. Behind this differential response of the two plants were their contrasting physiological and biochemical status. Lower growth phenotypes of A. fatua seedlings had reduced levels of IAA, GAs, and SA and higher the levels of JA and ABA. Besides, their ROS scavenging ability was also compromised as evident from relatively lower activities of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase, as well as higher accumulation of ROS in their leaves. Wheat seedlings response to GW was opposite to the A. fatua. It may be concluded that F. oxysporum GW has the ability to differentially modulate physiology and biochemistry of the two hosts leading to contrasting phenotypic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Asim
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Anwar Hussain
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hazir Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abed Alataway
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z. Dewidar
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- In-Jung Lee
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23
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Charria-Girón E, Espinosa MC, Zapata-Montoya A, Méndez MJ, Caicedo JP, Dávalos AF, Ferro BE, Vasco-Palacios AM, Caicedo NH. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts Obtained From Cultivation of Native Endophytic Fungi Belonging to a Tropical Montane Rainforest in Colombia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716523. [PMID: 34603244 PMCID: PMC8485978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive secondary metabolite production from endophytic fungi has gained a recurring research focus in recent decades as these microorganisms represent an unexplored biological niche for their diverse biotechnological potential. Despite this focus, studies involving tropical endophytes remain scarce, particularly those isolated from medicinal plants of these ecosystems. In addition, the state of the art of the pharmaceutical industry has experienced stagnation in the past 30years, which has pushed pathogenic infections to get one step ahead, resulting in the development of resistance to existing treatments. Here, five fungal endophytes were isolated from the medicinal plant Otoba gracilipes (Myristicaceae), which corresponded to the genera Xylaria and Diaporthe, and screened to demonstrate the promissory potential of these microorganisms for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Thus, the evaluation of crude organic extracts obtained from the mycelia and exhaust medium allowed the elucidation of Xylaria sp. and Diaporthe endophytica potential toward providing crude extracellular extracts with promising bioactivities against reference strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), according to the determined half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) with values down to 3.91 and 10.50mg/ml against each pathogen, respectively. Follow-up studies provided insights into the polarity nature of bioactive compounds in the crude extracts through bioactivity guided fractionation using a polymeric resin absorbent alternative extraction procedure. In addition, evaluation of the co-culturing methods demonstrated how this strategy can enhance endophytes biosynthetic capacity and improve their antibacterial potential with a 10-fold decrease in the IC50 values against both pathogens compared to the obtained values in the preliminary evaluations of Xylaria sp. and D. endophytica crude extracts. These results support the potential of Colombian native biodiversity to provide new approaches concerning the global emergence of antibiotics resistance and future production of undiscovered compounds different from the currently used antibiotics classes and simultaneously call for the value of preserving native habitats due to their promising ecosystemic applications in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Charria-Girón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - María C Espinosa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrea Zapata-Montoya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - María J Méndez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan P Caicedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Dávalos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Beatriz E Ferro
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Medicina Comunitaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Aida M Vasco-Palacios
- Grupo de Microbiología Ambiental - BioMicro, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia.,Asociación Colombiana de Micología (ASCOLMIC), Medellin, Colombia
| | - Nelson H Caicedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Centro BioInc, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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24
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Al-Obaidi JR, Jambari NN, Ahmad-Kamil EI. Mycopharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals: Promising Agents to Improve Human Well-Being and Life Quality. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070503. [PMID: 34202552 PMCID: PMC8304235 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi, especially edible mushrooms, are considered as high-quality food with nutritive and functional values. They are of considerable interest and have been used in the synthesis of nutraceutical supplements due to their medicinal properties and economic significance. Specific fungal groups, including predominantly filamentous endophytic fungi from Ascomycete phylum and several Basidiomycetes, produce secondary metabolites (SMs) with bioactive properties that are involved in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These beneficial fungi, while high in protein and important fat contents, are also a great source of several minerals and vitamins, in particular B vitamins that play important roles in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the maintenance of the nervous system. This review article will summarize and discuss the abilities of fungi to produce antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic molecules while also reviewing the evidence from the last decade on the importance of research in fungi related products with direct and indirect impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - E. I. Ahmad-Kamil
- Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), JKR 641, Jalan Kelantan, Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 50480, Malaysia;
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25
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Aghdam SA, Brown AMV. Deep learning approaches for natural product discovery from plant endophytic microbiomes. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2021; 16:6. [PMID: 33758794 PMCID: PMC7972023 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-021-00375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes are not only diverse, but also appear to host a vast pool of secondary metabolites holding great promise for bioactive natural products and drug discovery. Yet, most microbes within plants appear to be uncultivable, and for those that can be cultivated, their metabolic potential lies largely hidden through regulatory silencing of biosynthetic genes. The recent explosion of powerful interdisciplinary approaches, including multi-omics methods to address multi-trophic interactions and artificial intelligence-based computational approaches to infer distribution of function, together present a paradigm shift in high-throughput approaches to natural product discovery from plant-associated microbes. Arguably, the key to characterizing and harnessing this biochemical capacity depends on a novel, systematic approach to characterize the triggers that turn on secondary metabolite biosynthesis through molecular or genetic signals from the host plant, members of the rich 'in planta' community, or from the environment. This review explores breakthrough approaches for natural product discovery from plant microbiomes, emphasizing the promise of deep learning as a tool for endophyte bioprospecting, endophyte biochemical novelty prediction, and endophyte regulatory control. It concludes with a proposed pipeline to harness global databases (genomic, metabolomic, regulomic, and chemical) to uncover and unsilence desirable natural products. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40793-021-00375-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Abdollahi Aghdam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Amanda May Vivian Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
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26
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Rani A, Saini KC, Bast F, Mehariya S, Bhatia SK, Lavecchia R, Zuorro A. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041142. [PMID: 33672774 PMCID: PMC7924645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Khem Chand Saini
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Felix Bast
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +39-347-494-0910 (S.M.); +39-06-4458-5598 (A.Z.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Roberto Lavecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Zuorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +39-347-494-0910 (S.M.); +39-06-4458-5598 (A.Z.)
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27
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Abdel-Azeem MA, El-Maradny YA, Othman AM, Abdel-Azeem AM. Endophytic Fungi as a Source of New Pharmaceutical Biomolecules. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Fu Y, Wu P, Xue J, Zhang M, Wei X. Cosmosporasides F-H, three new sugar alcohol conjugated acyclic sesquiterpenes from a Fusarium oxysporum fungus. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3420-3428. [PMID: 33375847 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1864366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three new sugar alcohol conjugated acyclic sesquiterpenes, cosmosporasides F-H (1-3), were isolated from the fermented cultures of Fusarium oxysporum SC0002. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1H-13C long-range coupling constants (JC,H). Their antibacterial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
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29
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Manganyi MC, Ateba CN. Untapped Potentials of Endophytic Fungi: A Review of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Biological Applications. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121934. [PMID: 33291214 PMCID: PMC7762190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, endophytic fungi have gained tremendous attention due to their ability to produce novel bioactive compounds exhibiting varied biological properties and are, therefore, utilized for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Endophytic fungi reside within the plant tissues without showing any disease symptoms, thus supporting the physiological and ecological attributes of the host plant. Ground breaking lead compounds, such as paclitaxel and penicillin, produced by endophytic fungi have paved the way for exploring novel bioactive compounds for commercial usage. Despite this, limited research has been conducted in this valuable and unique niche area. These bioactive compounds belong to various structural groups, including alkaloids, peptides, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, quinones, phenols, and flavonoids. The current review focuses on the significance of endophytic fungi in producing novel bioactive compounds possessing a variety of biological properties that include antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, immunosuppressant, and anticancer functions. Taking into consideration the portal of this publication, special emphasis is placed on the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of metabolites produced by endophytes against human pathogens. It also highlights the importance of utilization of these compounds as potential treatment agents for serious life-threatening infectious diseases. This is supported by the fact that several findings have indicated that these bioactive compounds may significantly contribute towards the fight against resistant human and plant pathogens, thus motivating the need enhance the search for new, more efficacious and cost-effective antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madira Coutlyne Manganyi
- Department of Microbiology, North West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-18-389-2134
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa;
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30
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Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) improvement by biological activity of root endophytic fungi. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20224. [PMID: 33214647 PMCID: PMC7678862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a cruciferous vegetable widely cultivated for its leaves and flower buds in Atlantic Europe and the Mediterranean area, being a food of great interest as a "superfood" today. Little has been studied about the diversity of endophytic fungi in the Brassica genus, and there are no studies regarding kale. In this study, we made a survey of the diversity of endophytic fungi present in the roots of six different Galician kale local populations. In addition, we investigated whether the presence of endophytes in the roots was beneficial to the plants in terms of growth, cold tolerance, or resistance to bacteria and insects. The fungal isolates obtained belonged to 33 different taxa. Among those, a Fusarium sp. and Pleosporales sp. A between Setophoma and Edenia (called as Setophoma/Edenia) were present in many plants of all five local populations, being possible components of a core kale microbiome. For the first time, several interactions between endophytic fungus and Brassica plants are described and is proved how different interactions are beneficial for the plant. Fusarium sp. and Pleosporales sp. B close to Pyrenophora (called as Pyrenophora) promoted plant growth and increased cold tolerance. On the other hand, isolates of Trichoderma sp., Pleosporales sp. C close to Phialocephala (called as Phialocephala), Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Setophoma/Edenia and Acrocalymma sp. were able to activate plant systemic resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. We also observed that Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp. and Setophoma/Edenia confered resistance against Mamestra brassicae larvae.
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31
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Biocatalytic Potential of Native Basidiomycetes from Colombia for Flavour/Aroma Production. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184344. [PMID: 32971920 PMCID: PMC7570902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromas and flavours can be produced from fungi by either de novo synthesis or biotransformation processes. Herein, the biocatalytic potential of seven basidiomycete species from Colombia fungal strains isolated as endophytes or basidioma was evaluated. Ganoderma webenarium, Ganoderma chocoense, and Ganoderma stipitatum were the most potent strains capable of decolourizing β,β-carotene as evidence of their potential as biocatalysts for de novo aroma synthesis. Since a species’ biocatalytic potential cannot solely be determined via qualitative screening using β,β-carotene biotransformation processes, we focused on using α-pinene biotransformation with mycelium as a measure of catalytic potential. Here, two strains of Trametes elegans—namely, the endophytic (ET-06) and basidioma (EBB-046) strains—were screened. Herein, T. elegans is reported for the first time as a novel biocatalyst for the oxidation of α-pinene, with a product yield of 2.9 mg of cis-Verbenol per gram of dry weight mycelia used. The EBB-046 strain generated flavour compounds via the biotransformation of a Cape gooseberry medium and de novo synthesis in submerged cultures. Three aroma-producing compounds were identified via GC–MS—namely, methyl-3-methoxy-4H-pyran-4-one, hexahydro-3-(methylpropyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and hexahydro-3-(methylphenyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.
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32
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Parra-Rivero O, Paes de Barros M, Prado MDM, Gil JV, Hornero-Méndez D, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ, Limón MC, Avalos J. Neurosporaxanthin Overproduction by Fusarium fujikuroi and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E528. [PMID: 32560158 PMCID: PMC7346100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosporaxanthin (NX) is a carboxylic carotenoid produced by some filamentous fungi, including species of the genera Neurospora and Fusarium. NX biosynthetic genes and their regulation have been thoroughly investigated in Fusarium fujikuroi, an industrial fungus used for gibberellin production. In this species, carotenoid-overproducing mutants, affected in the regulatory gene carS, exhibit an upregulated expression of the NX pathway. Based on former data on a stimulatory effect of nitrogen starvation on carotenoid biosynthesis, we developed culture conditions with carS mutants allowing the production of deep-pigmented mycelia. With this method, we obtained samples with ca. 8 mg NX/g dry mass, in turn the highest concentration for this carotenoid described so far. NX-rich extracts obtained from these samples were used in parallel with carS-complemented NX-poor extracts obtained under the same conditions, to check the antioxidant properties of this carotenoid in in vitro assays. NX-rich extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than NX-poor extracts, either when considering their quenching activity against [O2(1g)] in organic solvent (singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assays) or their scavenging activity against different free radicals in aqueous solution and in liposomes. These results make NX a promising carotenoid as a possible feed or food additive, and encourage further studies on its chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obdulia Parra-Rivero
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (O.P.-R.); (M.d.M.P.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.d.B.); (J.-V.G.); (L.Z.); (M.J.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil
| | - María del Mar Prado
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (O.P.-R.); (M.d.M.P.); (M.C.L.)
| | - José-Vicente Gil
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.d.B.); (J.-V.G.); (L.Z.); (M.J.R.)
- Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dámaso Hornero-Méndez
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.d.B.); (J.-V.G.); (L.Z.); (M.J.R.)
| | - María J. Rodrigo
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.d.B.); (J.-V.G.); (L.Z.); (M.J.R.)
| | - M. Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (O.P.-R.); (M.d.M.P.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (O.P.-R.); (M.d.M.P.); (M.C.L.)
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33
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Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Nowak A, Komaniecka I, Choma A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Tyśkiewicz R, Wiater A, Rogalski J. Differences in Production, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exopolymeric Substances (EPS) Obtained from Cultures of Endophytic Fusarium culmorum Strains with Different Effects on Cereals. Molecules 2020; 25:E616. [PMID: 32019268 PMCID: PMC7037457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolymeric substances (EPS) can determine plant-microorganism interactions and have great potential as bioactive compounds. The different amounts of EPS obtained from cultures of three endophytic Fusarium culmorum strains with different aggressiveness-growth promoting (PGPF), deleterious (DRMO), and pathogenic towards cereal plants-depended on growth conditions. The EPS concentrations (under optimized culture conditions) were the lowest (0.2 g/L) in the PGPF, about three times higher in the DRMO, and five times higher in the pathogen culture. The EPS of these strains differed in the content of proteins, phenolic components, total sugars, glycosidic linkages, and sugar composition (glucose, mannose, galactose, and smaller quantities of arabinose, galactosamine, and glucosamine). The pathogen EPS exhibited the highest total sugar and mannose concentration. FTIR analysis confirmed the β configuration of the sugars. The EPS differed in the number and weight of polysaccharidic subfractions. The EPS of PGPF and DRMO had two subfractions and the pathogen EPS exhibited a subfraction with the lowest weight (5 kDa). The three EPS preparations (ethanol-precipitated EP, crude C, and proteolysed P) had antioxidant activity (particularly high for the EP-EPS soluble in high concentrations). The EP-EPS of the PGPF strain had the highest antioxidant activity, most likely associated with the highest content of phenolic compounds in this EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Artur Nowak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetic and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetic and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska St. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
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Caicedo NH, Davalos AF, Puente PA, Rodríguez AY, Caicedo PA. Antioxidant activity of exo-metabolites produced by Fusarium oxysporum: An endophytic fungus isolated from leaves of Otoba gracilipes. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e903. [PMID: 31297981 PMCID: PMC6813440 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems hold an extremely diverse array of endophytic fungi, but their potential use still remains to be explored. In this study, we isolated an endophytic fungus from the leaves of Otoba gracilipes, a medicinal tree from a tropical rainforest in Colombia. Following isolation and cultivation, we evaluated its extracellular crude extract for antioxidant activity. Using traditional and molecular methods (ITS1, NL1 regions), the endophyte was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Fresh spores from the fungal isolate were inoculated in liquid media (potato dextrose broth [PDB] and potato dextrose-yeast extract broth [PDYB]) and centrifuged for recovering extracellular polysaccharides from the exhausted medium after 30 days of cultivation. Crude extracts were recovered, purified, lyophilized, and evaluated for their ability to inactivate the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts obtained from PDB culture media had a 51.5% of scavenging effect on DPPH after 5 min of reaction compared with the extracts from PDBY (26.4%), which suggests a high antioxidant potential of these fungal extracts. Thus, our results suggest other fungi from tropical ecosystems should be explored as potential sources of novel enzymes and other metabolites with bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson H. Caicedo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Engineering FacultyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Andres F. Davalos
- Department of BiologyNatural Science FacultyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Paula A. Puente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Science FacusltyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Ana Y. Rodríguez
- Program of Medicine, Health SciencesUniversity UPTCTunjaColombia
| | - Paola A. Caicedo
- Department of BiologyNatural Science FacultyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
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