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Kayalar O, Oztay F, Yildirim M, Ersen E. Dysregulation of E-cadherin in pulmonary cell damage related with COPD contributes to emphysema. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:330-341. [DOI: 10.1177/07482337221095638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially at chronic exposure to high concentrations, is a respiratory risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). E-cadherin, a cell–cell adhesion protein, is involved in the integrity of the alveolar epithelium. Causes of E-cadherin decreases in emphysematous areas with pulmonary cell damage related to COPD are not well understood. We aimed to determine the molecules causing the decrease of E-cadherin and interactions between these molecules. In emphysematous and non-emphysematous areas of lungs from COPD patients (n = 35), levels of E-cadherin, HDACs, Snail, Zeb1, active-β-catenin, p120ctn, and Kaiso were determined by using Western Blot. The interactions of HDAC1, HDAC2, and p120ctn with transcription co-activators and Kaiso were examined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The methylation status of the CDH1 promoter was investigated. E-cadherin, Zeb1, Kaiso, and active-β-catenin were decreased in emphysema, while HDAC1, HDAC2, and p120ctn2 were increased. Snail, Zeb1, Twist, active-β-catenin, Kaiso, and p120ctn co-precipitated with HDAC1 and HDAC2. E-cadherin, Kaiso, and active-β-catenin co-precipitated with p120ctn. HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions were increased in emphysema, but p120ctn-E-cadherin interaction was decreased. The results show that HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions are capable of decreasing the E-cadherin in emphysema. The decreased interaction of p120ctn/E-cadherin leads to E-cadherin destruction. The decreased E-cadherin and its induced degradation in pneumocytes cause impaired repair and disintegrity of the epithelium. Approaches to suppress HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions may help the protection of alveolar epithelial integrity by increasing the E-cadherin stability in pneumocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgecan Kayalar
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Oztay
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Yildirim
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezel Ersen
- Department of Chest Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sharma R, Ali T, Kaur J. Tumor suppressor genes are differentially regulated with dietary folate modulations in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:385-399. [PMID: 32974832 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the outcome of dietary folate modulations on the expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) during developmental stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a Wistar rat model. In addition to dietary folate modulations, male rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) intraperitoneally once a week upto 18 weeks to induce HCC. Serum folate levels were found to be decreased and increased in folate deficiency (FD) and folate-oversupplemented (FO) groups respectively when compared to folate normal (FN) rats. Apoptosis was observed in FD in fibrosis and HCC stages. mRNA expression analysis by RT-PCR of TSGs (DPT, p16, RUNX3, RASSF1A and SOCS1) and protein expression by western blot (RASSF1A, RUNX3 and p16) depicted differential expression in FD and FO in various stages of HCC development. Bisulfite sequencing for p16 and RASSF1A promoter was performed. The promoter region of p16 gene was hypermethylated at 7th and that of RASSF1A was hypomethylated at 10th CpG in cirrhotic category in FD rats. Hyper and hypomethylation at 10th and 24th CpG respectively in RASSF1A promoter was observed in HCC category in both FD and FO groups. All TSGs showed differential expression at transcript and protein level. Increased expression of DPT, RASSF1A, SOCS1 and decreased expression of RUNX3 could be playing role in HCC development in FD rats. Reduced expression of RUNX3, RASSF1A and SOCS1 in HCC category was demonstrated in FO rats. Thus, the studied TSGs are differentially expressed with dietary folate modulations during the development of HCC in DEN-treated rat model and the promoter methylation might be a contributing mechanism under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Gao LM, Xu SF, Zheng Y, Wang P, Zhang L, Shi SS, Wu T, Li Y, Zhao J, Tian Q, Yin XB, Zheng L. Long non-coding RNA H19 is responsible for the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by mediating methylation-dependent repression of CDH1 promoter. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6411-6428. [PMID: 31317666 PMCID: PMC6714219 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is a common histologic type of lung cancer with a high death rate globally. Increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) and CDH1 methylation are involved in multiple tumours. Here, we tried to investigate whether lncRNA H19 or CDH1 methylation could affect the development of lung adenocarcinoma. First, lung adenocarcinoma tissues were collected to detect CDH1 methylation. Then, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA H19 were detected mainly in concert with the treatment of overexpression of lncRNA H19, siRNA against lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 and demethylating agent A-5az in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell. The expression of lncRNA H19 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors as well as cell proliferation, sphere-forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected. Finally, we observed xenograft tumour in nude mice so as to ascertain tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. LncRNA H19 and methylation of CDH1 were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. A549 cells with silencing of lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 or reduced CDH1 methylation by demethylating agent 5-Az had suppressed cell proliferation, sphere-forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion, in addition to inhibited EMT process. Silencing lncRNA H19 could reduce methylation level of CDH1. In vivo, A549 cells with silencing lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 or reduced CDH1 methylation exhibited low tumorigenicity, reflected by the smaller tumour size and lighter tumour weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates that silencing of lncRNA H19 inhibits EMT and proliferation while promoting apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting methylation of CDH1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shu-Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- School of Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Respiratory, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yin
- Department of Respiratory, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Demirel G, Alpertunga B, Ozden S. Role of fumonisin B1 on DNA methylation changes in rat kidney and liver cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1302-1310. [PMID: 25858139 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.976714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (Nectriaceae) mold that contaminates maize and other agricultural products. Although the effects of FB1 on sphingolipid metabolism are clear, little is known about early molecular changes associated with FB1 carcinogenicity. OBJECTIVE Alteration on DNA methylation, as an early event in non-genotoxic carcinogenesis, may play an important role in the mechanism of FB1 toxiciy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dose-related effects of FB1 (1-50 µM for 24 h) on global DNA methylation by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD) and CpG promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were performed in rat liver (Clone 9) and rat kidney (NRK-52E) epithelial cells. RESULTS Cell viability reduction is 39% and 34% by the XTT test and LDH release in the growth medium is 32% and 26% at 200 µM of FB1 treatment in Clone 9 and NRK-52E cells, respectively. No significant dose-related effects of FB1 on global DNA methylation which ranged from 4 to 5% were observed in both cells compared with controls. Promoter regions of c-myc gene were methylated (>33%) at 10 and 50 µM of FB1 treatment in Clone 9 cells while it was unmethylated in NRK-52E cells. Promoter regions of p15 gene were unmethylated while VHL gene were found to be methylated (>33%) at 10, 25, and 50 µM and 10 and 50 µM of FB1 treatment in Clone 9 and NRK-52E cells, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Alteration in DNA methylation might play an important role in the toxicity of FB1 in risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goksun Demirel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Beyazit, Istanbul , Turkey
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Tsujiuchi T, Nakae D, Konishi Y. Multi-step lung carcinogenesis model induced by oral administration of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:81-8. [PMID: 24377951 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) was first synthesized by Krüger et al. (1974), and has been shown to primarily induce pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas by a subcutaneous injection in Syrian hamsters. By contrast, the carcinogenic effect of BHP has been indicated at the different target organs in rats, namely the lung. When rats are received by an oral administration of BHP in drinking water for 25 weeks, a high incidence of lung carcinomas are induced, which include adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and combined squamous cell and adenocarcinomas. So many similarities are observed in terms of not only histological appearances but also gene alterations between human and BHP-induced rat lung cancers. Moreover, the step by step development of lung lesions, from preneoplastic lesions to cancers in rat lung carcinogenesis by BHP offers a good model to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of lung cancers. Because data for genetic and epigenetic alterations have indeed been accumulated during the BHP-induced rat lung carcinogenesis, we will introduce them in this review and hence demonstrate that this lung carcinogenesis model provides a useful opportunity for the research on the pathogenesis of lung cancers of both humans and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoichi Konishi
- Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8501, Japan; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Liao J, Li XF, Zhou SC, Luo Y, Liu AL, Lu WQ. Bromodichloromethane induces cell proliferation in different tissues of male F344 rats by suppression of E-cadherin expression via hypermethylation or transcriptional activation of c-myc and cyclin D1. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:162-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lou-Qian Z, Rong Y, Ming L, Xin Y, Feng J, Lin X. The prognostic value of epigenetic silencing of p16 gene in NSCLC patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54970. [PMID: 23372805 PMCID: PMC3555860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic significance of p16 promoter hypermethylation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. This analysis presents pooled estimates of the association to better elucidate whether p16 methylation has a prognostic role in NSCLC. Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases until June 2012. The association of p16 methylation with both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was preformed. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also conducted. Results A total of 18 studies containing 2432 patients met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient survival data for quantitative aggregation. The results showed that p16 methylation was an indicator of poor prognosis in NSCLC. The HR was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.08–1.73, I2 = 56.7%) and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.12–2.52, I2 = 38.7%) for OS and DFS, respectively. Subgroup analyses were carried out. The HRs of fresh and paraffin tissue were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.11–2.01) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.77–1.57). The pooled HR was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.02–1.92) for methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and 1.26 (95% CI: 0.87–1.82) for quantitative MSP (Q-MSP). The combined HR of the 16 studies reporting NSCLC as a whole indicated that patients with p16 hypermethylation had poor prognosis. No significant association was found when adenocarcinoma subtype pooled. When seven studies on DFS were aggregated, the HR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.12–2.52) without significant heterogeneity. Moreover, no obvious publication bias was detected on both OS and DFS. Conclusion The meta-analysis findings support the hypothesis that p16 methylation is associated with OS and DFS in NSCLC patients. Large well-designed prospective studies are now needed to confirm the clinical utility of p16 methylation as an independent prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lou-Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Rong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ming
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (JF)
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (JF)
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CUI YASONG, ZHAO LIJIAO, LIU YONGDONG, ZHONG RUGANG. THEORETICAL STUDY ON INTERNAL ROTATION OF NITROSOUREAS AND TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633607003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study has been carried out for internal rotation of nitrosoureas at the B3LYP/6-311G* level of theory. For each nitrosourea compound, two ground state structures have been found and the E isomer is predicted to be more stable than the Z isomer. Two transition state conformations for the isomerization have also been obtained and the calculated results show that the isomerization through TS1 is easier than that through TS2. The relationship between energy barrier and toxicity has also been investigated. It is concluded that the carcinogenic potency increases along with the decrease of rotational energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- YA SONG CUI
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - LI JIAO ZHAO
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - YONG DONG LIU
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - RU GANG ZHONG
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100022, China
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Wakabayashi N, Tsujino M, Tajiri M, Taki M, Koshino A, Ikeda H, Fukushima N, Tsujiuchi T. No Mutations of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Genes in Lung Adenocarcinomas Induced by N-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2010; 23:63-6. [PMID: 22272013 PMCID: PMC3234649 DOI: 10.1293/tox.23.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that stimulates cell
proliferation and migration, and protects cells from apoptosis. It interacts
with specific G protein-coupled transmembrane receptors. Recently, frequent
mutations of the LPA receptor-1 (LPA1) gene were detected in rat lung
adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP). In this
study, to evaluate the involvement of other LPA receptor gene alterations during
lung carcinogenesis, we investigated mutations of the LPA2, LPA3, LPA4 and LPA5
genes in lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats,
6 weeks of age, were given 2000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 weeks and
then maintained without further treatment until sacrifice at 25 weeks, and 15
adenocarcinomas were obtained. Genomic DNAs were extracted from frozen tissues,
and the LPA2, LPA3, LPA4 and LPA5 genes were examined for mutations, using
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)
analysis. No mutations of LPA2, LPA3, LPA4 and LPA5 were detected in the 15
adenocarcinomas. These results suggest that alterations due to LPA2, LPA3, LPA4
and LPA5 gene mutations might not be involved in the development of lung
adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Megumu Tsujino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masaki Tajiri
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Midori Taki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Koshino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life
Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae,
Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of
Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1
Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Despite many efforts to improve early detection, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths. Stage is the main determinant of prognosis and the basis for deciding treatment options. Screening tests for lung cancer have not been successful so far. AREAS COVERED IN THE REVIEW The article reviews the available literature related to biomarkers in use at present and those that could be used for early diagnosis, staging, prognosis, response to therapy and prediction of recurrence. The single biomarkers are analysed, divided according to the technological methods used and the locations of sampling. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain knowledge on biomarkers in use and those now under study. The reader will also gain insights into the difficulties pertaining to the development of biomarkers, results reproducibility and clinical application. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Although some markers seem to be promising, at present there is no consensus on the proven value of their clinical use in lung cancer. The future lies probably in a panel of biomarkers instead of individual assays, or in predictive models derived from the integration of clinical variables and gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Paci
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Santa Maria Nuova di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy +39 0522 296929 ; +39 0522 296191 ;
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Dynamic changes in DNA methylation during multistep rat lung carcinogenesis induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine. Toxicol Lett 2009; 189:5-13. [PMID: 19409458 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are typical genotoxic carcinogens that can induce tumors in a variety of human and rodent tissues. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying their tumorigenesis are unclear. In this study we used a MCA/DEN-induced multistep lung carcinogenesis rat model to study the evolution of alterations in DNA methylation. Rats were treated with a single dose of MCA and DEN in iodized oil by left intra-bronchial instillation. The animals were killed on days 15, 35, 55, 65 and 75 and samples of various pathological phases during carcinogenesis were obtained on these days. The status of global methylation was analyzed for each sample using a monoclonal antibody specific for 5-methycytosine (5-mC) and quantified by image analysis software. We found that the degree of global methylation was, in general, higher in basal cells compared to luminal cells of normal, precancerous and tumor tissues. The combined 5-mC scores of different types of tissues decreased gradually during the progression of carcinogenesis. We also used methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR (MS-AP-PCR) to screen a total of eight differentially methylated DNA fragments in both precancerous and tumor tissues isolated using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and observed that both unique hypomethylation and hypermethylation fragments coexist after exposure to genotoxic carcinogens. Remarkably, epigenetic alterations in p16 (CDKN2A), but not in p15 (CDKN2B), were observed, and these correlated with the presence of pathologic lung lesions and loss of p16 protein expression. Moreover, defective expression of p16 in methylated primary tumor cell lines recovered markedly after treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). These results suggest that DNA methylation alterations are an early event in tumorigenesis and play an important role during MCA/DEN-induced multistep rat lung carcinogenesis.
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Molecular analysis of the Ink4a/Rb1–Arf/Tp53 pathways in radon-induced rat lung tumors. Lung Cancer 2009; 63:348-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Sokuza Y, Yamada T, Obo Y, Furukawa M, Hotta M, Yamasaki A, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Reduced Expression of the Pcdh20 Gene and Its Aberrant DNA Methylation in Lung Adenocarcinomas Induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2008. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.21.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sokuza
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School
| | - Takanori Yamada
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Yumi Obo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Mami Furukawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Mayuko Hotta
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Ayako Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
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Tsujiuchi T, Masaoka T, Sugata E, Onishi M, Fujii H, Shimizu K, Honoki K. Hypermethylation of the Dal-1 gene in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in rats. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:819-23. [PMID: 17415786 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DAL-1 (differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung) is an actin-binding protein that has been shown to suppress growth in lung cancer cells. Recently, inactivation of the gene encoding DAL-1 due to hypermethylation has been found in several human malignancies, including lung cancers. To assess the involvement of the Dal-1 gene in rat lung carcinogenesis, we investigated the expression of Dal1 and its methylation status in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP). Six-week old male Wistar rats (n = 11) were given 2,000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 wk and maintained without further treatment until they were sacrificed at 25 wk. Total RNA was extracted from 11 lung adenocarcinomas, one from each BHP treated rat, and Dal-1 gene expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Dal-1 expression was significantly reduced in the lung adenocarcinomas compared with three normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). For methylation analysis, bisulfite sequencing was performed using normal lung tissue and tissue from 4 tumors, all of which showed reduced expression of Dal-1. The 5' upstream region was highly methylated in all four adenocarcinomas, whereas this region was unmethylated in normal lung tissue. These results suggest that aberrant methylation of the Dal-1 gene might be involved in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced in rats by BHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Igarashi M, Yoshida M, Watanabe M, Yamada T, Sakurai T, Endo Y, Miyajima N, Maekawa A, Oikawa T, Sugano S, Nakae D. Involvement of mutation-based inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation at Ser33 in the malignant progression of lung (pre)neoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in male Fischer 344 rats. Lung 2007; 185:271-278. [PMID: 17639448 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-007-9017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the Ser33 phosphorylation status of beta-catenin protein in relation to genomic mutations in lung (pre)neoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in male Fischer 344 rats. Six-week-old animals received 2000 ppm of BHP in the drinking water for 8 weeks and were sacrificed 12 weeks thereafter. Histopathologically, 69 of 75 rats demonstrated multiple lung (pre)neoplastic lesions, classified into 27 slight and 33 advanced hyperplasias (preneoplasms) and 61 neoplasms, including adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas. Nucleotide mutation analysis of the beta-catenin gene detected a total of 33 mutations in 12 assessed lung (pre)neoplastic lesions. The mutations tended to accumulate in positions near the phosphorylation region of the gene, between codons 33 and 45. Immunohistochemical analysis showed beta-catenin protein expression to be increased and its localization changed from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm and finally the nuclei with advancing malignancy of the lung lesions. In contrast, the expression of phosphorlyated beta-catenin protein at Ser33 was weakened in lung (pre)neoplastic lesions compared to normal lung tissues. These results suggest that BHP-induced mutation of the beta-catenin gene results in amino acid conversions in its product protein, which in turn lead to inhibition of phosphorylation of the protein and escape from protein degradation. These phenomena might contribute to the malignant progression of the lung (pre)neoplastic lesions, which start from the relatively early stage in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Protection of Body Function, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-0054, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Low Dose Radiation Effect Project, Research Center of Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, City of Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8636, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Second Department of Biochemistry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifuchou, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihiko Maekawa
- Laboratory of Protection of Body Function, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-0054, Japan
- Safety Assessment Division, Chemical Management Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-49-10 Nishihara, Shibuya, Tokyo, 151-0066, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Oikawa
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8636, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Laboratory of Protection of Body Function, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-0054, Japan.
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
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Tsujiuchi T, Shimizu K, Itsuzaki Y, Onishi M, Sugata E, Fujii H, Honoki K. CpG site hypermethylation of E-cadherin and Connexin26 genes in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by a choline-deficient L-Amino Acid-defined diet in rats. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:269-74. [PMID: 17295234 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated DNA methylation patterns of E-cadherin and Connexin26 (Cx26) genes in rat hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) induced by a choline-deficient L-Amino Acid-defined (CDAA) diet. Six-wks-old F344 male rats were continuously fed with a CDAA diet for 75 wks, and were then killed. A total of five HCCs were obtained, and genomic DNA was extracted from each HCC for assessment of methylation status in the 5' upstream regions of E-cadherin and Cx26 genes by bisulfite sequencing, comparing to two normal liver tissues. The five HCCs showed highly methylated E-cadherin and Cx26 genes, while these genes in two normal liver tissues were all unmethylated. For analysis of gene expression, real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. Expressions of E-cadherin and Cx26 genes were significantly reduced in the five HCCs (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively) compared to normal liver tissues, correlating with their methylation statuses. These results suggested that hypermethylation of E-cadherin and Cx26 genes may be involved in the development of HCCs induced by a CDAA diet in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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Shimizu K, Itsuzaki Y, Onishi M, Fujii H, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Reduced expression of the Tslc1 gene and its aberrant DNA methylation in rat lung tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:358-62. [PMID: 16814249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TSLC1 gene inactivation due to promoter methylation has been reported in several human cancers. Here, we investigated the expression of the Tslc1 gene and its methylation pattern in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP). Six-week-old male Wistar rats were given 2000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 weeks and maintained without further treatment until they were sacrificed at 25 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from a total of 11 lung adenocarcinomas and their Tslc1 gene expressions were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Tslc1 expression was significantly reduced in the lung adenocarcinomas compared with three normal lung tissues (p < 0.05). Bisulfite sequence analysis of four lung adenocarcinomas and two normal lung tissues revealed that the 5' upstream region of the Tslc1 gene was highly methylated in the four lung adenocarcinomas, but unmethylated in the two normal lung tissues. These results suggest that aberrant Tslc1 gene methylation may be involved in BHP-induced development of lung adenocarcinomas in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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Tsujiuchi T, Shimizu K, Onishi M, Shigemura M, Shano S, Honoki K, Fukushima N. Aberrant Expressions of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Genes in Lung and Liver Tumors of Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.19.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Mariko Onishi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Mayumi Shigemura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Shinya Shano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
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Shimizu K, Shimoichi Y, Hinotsume D, Itsuzaki Y, Fujii H, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Reduced expression of the Connexin26 gene and its aberrant DNA methylation in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-Hydroxypropyl)amine. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:710-4. [PMID: 16637067 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions are mediated by intercellular channels that connect adjacent cells and are composed of Connexin (Cx) proteins. A member of the Cx family, Cx26 is considered a potential tumor suppressor in several cancers. The expression of Cx26 gene and its methylation status in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) were investigated. Six-wk-old male Wistar rats were given 2,000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 wk and maintained without further treatment until they were sacrificed at 25 wk. A total of nine lung adenocarcinomas were obtained and total RNA was extracted to assess expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Five out of nine adenocarcinomas showed reduced expression compared with normal lung tissue. We next performed a bisulfite sequence analysis to measure the methylation status of the 5' upstream region of the Cx26 gene in two normal lung tissues and five lung adenocarcinomas that showed reduced expression of Cx26. All five adenocarcinomas were highly methylated in the 5' upstream region, while the two normal lung tissues were unmethylated. This suggests that aberrant methylation of the Cx26 gene may be involved in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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