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The application of patient-derived organoid in the research of lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:503-519. [PMID: 36696006 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, mechanisms of its progression remained unclear and new treatments against this disease are rapidly emerging. As a novel preclinical model, patient-derived organoid (PDO) can also be established from the patient's tumor tissue and cultured in the laboratory, which preserves the key biological characteristics of the original tumor. Compared to the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of lung cancer, the culture success rate is improved, and the time and cost of model establishment are largely reduced. PDO is also expected to provide a more individual model to predict the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment in vitro. This paper summarizes the current application of PDO in the translational research of lung cancer.
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Primary Lung Cancer Organoids for Personalized Medicine-Are They Ready for Clinical Use? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194832. [PMID: 34638316 PMCID: PMC8507762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains an urgent need in the area of lung cancer research. Traditional in vitro cell culture systems form one of the corner stones of cancer research. However, the growth of cancer cells in a two-dimensional pattern on a plastic dish in artificial conditions is not ideal, as the growth pattern significantly differs from that of a complex tumor in a patient. Hence, in recent years, efforts have been undertaken to generate more complex three-dimensional in vitro models, so-called organoid or tumoroid models, that more closely resemble the growth pattern and tumor heterogeneity observed in a patient. In this review, we summarize the efforts thus far undertaken in the area of NSCLC organoid development. Abstract Despite many developments in recent years, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, additional research, aiming to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation and development of therapy resistance, as well as the identification of additional novel therapeutic avenues, is crucial. For this purpose, reliable in vitro models are indispensable, as they allow for quick identification of suspected oncogenic drivers or evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies in a timely and cost-effective fashion. However, standard two-dimensional cell culture systems, the most frequently used in vitro model, are usually not truly representative of the situation in a patient as these models lack the tumor heterogeneity, the surrounding tumor microenvironment and the three-dimensional complexity of a tumor in vitro. For this reason, 3D cell culture systems, in particular organoids generated from normal non-malignant cells or tumor cell-based organoids (tumoroids), have in recent years gained much attention as alternative in vitro model systems that more closely resemble the actual primary tumor. In this review, we provide an overview of the available literature in the field of NSCLC organoids, which might still be in its infancy, but is gaining momentum.
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Dijkstra KK, Monkhorst K, Schipper LJ, Hartemink KJ, Smit EF, Kaing S, de Groot R, Wolkers MC, Clevers H, Cuppen E, Voest EE. Challenges in Establishing Pure Lung Cancer Organoids Limit Their Utility for Personalized Medicine. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107588. [PMID: 32375033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical implementation of tumor organoids for personalized medicine requires that pure tumor organoids can be reliably established. Here, we present our experience with organoid cultures from >70 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. We systematically evaluate several methods to identify tumor purity of organoids established from intrapulmonary tumors. Eighty percent of organoids from intrapulmonary lesions have a normal copy number profile, suggesting overgrowth by normal airway organoids (AOs). This is further supported by the failure to detect mutations found in the original tumor in organoids. Histomorphology alone is insufficient to determine tumor purity, but when combined with p63 immunostaining, tumor and normal AOs can be distinguished. Taking into account overgrowth by normal AOs, the establishment rate of pure NSCLC organoids is 17%. Therefore, current methods are insufficient to establish pure NSCLC organoids from intrapulmonary lesions. We discourage their use unless steps are taken to prevent overgrowth by normal AOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krijn K Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk J Schipper
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen J Hartemink
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sovann Kaing
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa de Groot
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hartwig Medical Foundation, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Harris KL, Walia V, Gong B, McKim KL, Myers MB, Xu J, Parsons BL. Quantification of cancer driver mutations in human breast and lung DNA using targeted, error-corrected CarcSeq. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:872-889. [PMID: 32940377 PMCID: PMC7756507 DOI: 10.1002/em.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for scientifically-sound, practical approaches to improve carcinogenicity testing. Advances in DNA sequencing technology and knowledge of events underlying cancer development have created an opportunity for progress in this area. The long-term goal of this work is to develop variation in cancer driver mutation (CDM) levels as a metric of clonal expansion of cells carrying CDMs because these important early events could inform carcinogenicity testing. The first step toward this goal was to develop and validate an error-corrected next-generation sequencing method to analyze panels of hotspot cancer driver mutations (hCDMs). The "CarcSeq" method that was developed uses unique molecular identifier sequences to construct single-strand consensus sequences for error correction. CarcSeq was used for mutational analysis of 13 amplicons encompassing >20 hotspot CDMs in normal breast, normal lung, ductal carcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas. The approach was validated by detecting expected differences related to tissue type (normal vs. tumor and breast vs. lung) and mutation spectra. CarcSeq mutant fractions (MFs) correlated strongly with previously obtained ACB-PCR mutant fraction (MF) measurements from the same samples. A reconstruction experiment, in conjunction with other analyses, showed CarcSeq accurately quantifies MFs ≥10-4 . CarcSeq MF measurements were correlated with tissue donor age and breast cancer risk. CarcSeq MF measurements were correlated with deviation from median MFs analyzed to assess clonal expansion. Thus, CarcSeq is a promising approach to advance cancer risk assessment and carcinogenicity testing practices. Paradigms that should be investigated to advance this strategy for carcinogenicity testing are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Harris
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological ResearchDivision of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyJeffersonArkansasUSA
| | - Vijay Walia
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological ResearchDivision of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyJeffersonArkansasUSA
- Present address:
USA
| | - Binsheng Gong
- US Food and Drug AdministrationNational Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsJeffersonArkansasUSA
| | - Karen L. McKim
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological ResearchDivision of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyJeffersonArkansasUSA
| | - Meagan B. Myers
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological ResearchDivision of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyJeffersonArkansasUSA
| | - Joshua Xu
- US Food and Drug AdministrationNational Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsJeffersonArkansasUSA
| | - Barbara L. Parsons
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological ResearchDivision of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyJeffersonArkansasUSA
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5
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Kiyohara M, Aoi J, Kajihara I, Otuka S, Kadomatsu T, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Serum anti-p53 autoantibodies in angiosarcoma. J Dermatol 2020; 47:849-854. [PMID: 32515022 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is no biomarker for detecting the status of angiosarcoma patients. Studies have reported that serum anti-p53 antibody (Ab) levels are often high in patients with various types of malignant tumors, suggesting the potential use of this Ab as a biomarker for various tumors, including angiosarcoma. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of serum anti-p53 Ab as a potent angiosarcoma biomarker. Nineteen angiosarcoma patients were included. All patients had histologically been diagnosed with cutaneous angiosarcoma. We compared p53 protein expression and serum p53 Ab levels between angiosarcoma in the scalp patients (n = 19) and normal controls (n = 30). We evaluated Ab levels before and after therapy. Increased p53 expression was detected in angiosarcoma skin tissues compared with that observed in normal skin tissues. We evaluated serum from angiosarcoma patients and controls for the presence of the anti-p53 Ab. Serum anti-p53 Ab levels were significantly higher in angiosarcoma patients than in controls.Serum anti-p53 Ab levels of patients who showed disease progression after therapy increased in correlation with the medical condition. The Ab levels of three patients, who showed partial response after therapy, decreased in correlation with the medical condition. The Ab levels of the other three patients were low at all time points. Anti-p53 Ab levels were significantly higher in angiosarcoma patients than in the controls. We demonstrated that serum anti-p53 Ab levels would reflect the clinical course of angiosarcoma patients, suggesting that serum anti-p53 Ab can be a potent diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Kiyohara
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Aoi
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ikko Kajihara
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saki Otuka
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of, Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Harris KL, Myers MB, McKim KL, Elespuru RK, Parsons BL. Rationale and Roadmap for Developing Panels of Hotspot Cancer Driver Gene Mutations as Biomarkers of Cancer Risk. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:152-175. [PMID: 31469467 PMCID: PMC6973253 DOI: 10.1002/em.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer driver mutations (CDMs) are necessary and causal for carcinogenesis and have advantages as reporters of carcinogenic risk. However, little progress has been made toward developing measurements of CDMs as biomarkers for use in cancer risk assessment. Impediments for using a CDM-based metric to inform cancer risk include the complexity and stochastic nature of carcinogenesis, technical difficulty in quantifying low-frequency CDMs, and lack of established relationships between cancer driver mutant fractions and tumor incidence. Through literature review and database analyses, this review identifies the most promising targets to investigate as biomarkers of cancer risk. Mutational hotspots were discerned within the 20 most mutated genes across the 10 deadliest cancers. Forty genes were identified that encompass 108 mutational hotspot codons overrepresented in the COSMIC database; 424 different mutations within these hotspot codons account for approximately 63,000 tumors and their prevalence across tumor types is described. The review summarizes literature on the prevalence of CDMs in normal tissues and suggests such mutations are direct and indirect substrates for chemical carcinogenesis, which occurs in a spatially stochastic manner. Evidence that hotspot CDMs (hCDMs) frequently occur as tumor subpopulations is presented, indicating COSMIC data may underestimate mutation prevalence. Analyses of online databases show that genes containing hCDMs are enriched in functions related to intercellular communication. In its totality, the review provides a roadmap for the development of tissue-specific, CDM-based biomarkers of carcinogenic potential, comprised of batteries of hCDMs and can be measured by error-correct next-generation sequencing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:152-175, 2020. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Harris
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
| | - Meagan B. Myers
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
| | - Karen L. McKim
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
| | - Rosalie K. Elespuru
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials ScienceCDRH/OSEL, US Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Barbara L. Parsons
- Division of Genetic and Molecular ToxicologyNational Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonArkansas
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7
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Myers MB, McKim KL, Banda M, George NI, Parsons BL. Low-Frequency Mutational Heterogeneity of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Subtypes: Information to Direct Precision Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1011. [PMID: 30813596 PMCID: PMC6429455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Information regarding the role of low-frequency hotspot cancer-driver mutations (CDMs) in breast carcinogenesis and therapeutic response is limited. Using the sensitive and quantitative Allele-specific Competitor Blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) approach, mutant fractions (MFs) of six CDMs (PIK3CA H1047R and E545K, KRAS G12D and G12V, HRAS G12D, and BRAF V600E) were quantified in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs; including ~20 samples per subtype). Measurable levels (i.e., ≥ 1 × 10-5, the lowest ACB-PCR standard employed) of the PIK3CA H1047R, PIK3CA E545K, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, HRAS G12D, and BRAF V600E mutations were observed in 34/81 (42%), 29/81 (36%), 51/81 (63%), 9/81 (11%), 70/81 (86%), and 48/81 (59%) of IDCs, respectively. Correlation analysis using available clinicopathological information revealed that PIK3CA H1047R and BRAF V600E MFs correlate positively with maximum tumor dimension. Analysis of IDC subtypes revealed minor mutant subpopulations of critical genes in the MAP kinase pathway (KRAS, HRAS, and BRAF) were prevalent across IDC subtypes. Few triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) had appreciable levels of PIK3CA mutation, suggesting that individuals with TNBC may be less responsive to inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These results suggest that low-frequency hotspot CDMs contribute significantly to the intertumoral and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity of IDCs, which has the potential to impact precision oncology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan B Myers
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Karen L McKim
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Malathi Banda
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Barbara L Parsons
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Kang YT, Kim YJ, Lee TH, Cho YH, Chang HJ, Lee HM. Cytopathological Study of the Circulating Tumor Cells filtered from the Cancer Patients' Blood using Hydrogel-based Cell Block Formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15218. [PMID: 30315187 PMCID: PMC6185971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells have emerged as biomarkers for estimating the tumor burden and metastatic potential of cancer patients. However, to date, most of studies and applications of circulating tumor cells have been conducted and applied to epithelial cancers such as breast, colorectal, and prostate tumor. The only FDA-cleared method, CellSearch, makes use of antibody against epithelial surface protein expressed on CTCs, thus obstructing wide application for various cancers with non-epithelial and semi-epithelial characteristics including renal cell carcinoma. Due to rarity and ambiguity of CTCs, designed experiment including non-biased CTC isolation and subsequent cytopathological study for finding applicable immunomarkers are urgently needed for clinical use of CTCs for less-studied cancers. Here, in order to construct the fundamental step for CTC diagnosis without limitation of its epithelial characteristics, we present the simple and novel method which incorporate both label-free CTC isolation and pathological study using hydrogel-based cell block formation. Six cell lines from lung, ovarian, kidney cancers were used to make cell block and analyzed by conventional immunocytochemical staining method to find the candidate markers for CTC. Especially for renal cancer, the physically isolated CTCs were further immunocytochemically examined with the screened candidate markers by cell block construction, and verified their clinical utility using blood samples from patients with renal cell carcinoma. This comprehensive study demonstrates that the present approach can be used to find the potential markers for any type of cancers regardless of their epithelial characteristics and isolate the specific type of CTCs in label-free manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Tae Kang
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, 48109-2800, United States.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Cho
- Cell Bench Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Moo Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
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Zhang S, Xia B, Jiang H, Wang L, Xu R, Shi Y, Zhang J, Xu M, Cram DS, Ma S. Comprehensive profiling and quantitation of oncogenic mutations in non small-cell lung carcinoma using single molecule amplification and re-sequencing technology. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50477-50489. [PMID: 27409166 PMCID: PMC5226597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating and resistance mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of several oncogenes are frequently associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In this study we assessed the frequency, type and abundance of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, TP53 and ALK mutations in tumour specimens from 184 patients with early and late stage disease using single molecule amplification and re-sequencing technology (SMART). Based on modelling of EGFR mutations, the detection sensitivity of the SMART assay was at least 0.1%. Benchmarking EGFR mutation detection against the gold standard ARMS-PCR assay, SMART assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.7% and 99.0%. Amongst the 184 samples, EGFR mutations were the most prevalent (59.9%), followed by KRAS (16.9%), TP53 (12.7%), EML4-ALK fusions (6.3%) and BRAF (4.2%) mutations. The abundance and types of mutations in tumour specimens were extremely heterogeneous, involving either monoclonal (51.6%) or polyclonal (12.6%) mutation events. At the clinical level, although the spectrum of tumour mutation(s) was unique to each patient, the overall patterns in early or advanced stage disease were relatively similar. Based on these findings, we propose that personalized profiling and quantitation of clinically significant oncogenic mutations will allow better classification of patients according to tumour characteristics and provide clinicians with important ancillary information for treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Rujun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing 100015, China
| | | | - Mengnan Xu
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing 100015, China
| | - David S Cram
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Jamshidi N, Margolis DJ, Raman S, Huang J, Reiter RE, Kuo MD. Multiregional Radiogenomic Assessment of Prostate Microenvironments with Multiparametric MR Imaging and DNA Whole-Exome Sequencing of Prostate Glands with Adenocarcinoma. Radiology 2017; 284:109-119. [PMID: 28453432 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the underlying genomic variation of prostate gland microenvironments of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma in the context of colocalized multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologic assessment of normal and abnormal regions by using whole-exome sequencing. Materials and Methods Six patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent robotic prostatectomy with whole-mount preservation of the prostate were identified, which enabled spatial mapping between preoperative multiparametric MR imaging and the gland. Four regions of interest were identified within each gland, including regions found to be normal and abnormal via histopathologic analysis. Whole-exome DNA sequencing (>50 times coverage) was performed on each of these spatially targeted regions. Radiogenomic analysis of imaging and mutation data were performed with hierarchical clustering, phylogenetic analysis, and principal component analysis. Results Radiogenomic multiparametric MR imaging and whole-exome spatial characterization in six patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (three patients, Gleason score of 3 + 4; and three patients, Gleason score of 4 + 5) was performed across 23 spatially distinct regions. Hierarchical clustering separated histopathologic analysis-proven high-grade lesions from the normal regions, and this reflected concordance between multiparametric MR imaging and resultant histopathologic analysis in all patients. Seventy-seven mutations involving 29 cancer-associated genes across the 23 spatially distinct prostate samples were identified. There was no significant difference in mutation load in cancer-associated genes between regions that were proven to be normal via histopathologic analysis (34 mutations per sample ± 19), mildly suspicious via multiparametric MR imaging (37 mutations per sample ± 21), intermediately suspicious via multiparametric MR imaging (31 mutations per sample ± 15), and high-grade cancer (33 mutations per sample ± 18) (P = .30). Principal component analysis resolved samples from different patients and further classified samples (regardless of histopathologic status) from prostate glands with Gleason score 3 + 4 versus 4 + 5 samples. Conclusion Multiregion spatial multiparametric MR imaging and whole-exome radiogenomic analysis of prostate glands with adenocarcinoma shows a continuum of mutations across regions that were found via histologic analysis to be high grade and normal. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Jamshidi
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., S.R., M.D.K.) and Urology (R.E.R.), University of California, Los Angeles-David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (D.J.M.); Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.); and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan (M.D.K.)
| | - Daniel J Margolis
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., S.R., M.D.K.) and Urology (R.E.R.), University of California, Los Angeles-David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (D.J.M.); Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.); and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan (M.D.K.)
| | - Steven Raman
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., S.R., M.D.K.) and Urology (R.E.R.), University of California, Los Angeles-David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (D.J.M.); Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.); and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan (M.D.K.)
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., S.R., M.D.K.) and Urology (R.E.R.), University of California, Los Angeles-David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (D.J.M.); Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.); and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan (M.D.K.)
| | - Robert E Reiter
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., S.R., M.D.K.) and Urology (R.E.R.), University of California, Los Angeles-David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (D.J.M.); Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.); and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan (M.D.K.)
| | - Michael D Kuo
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., S.R., M.D.K.) and Urology (R.E.R.), University of California, Los Angeles-David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (D.J.M.); Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.); and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan (M.D.K.)
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11
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Tian HX, Zhang XC, Wang Z, Chen JG, Chen SL, Guo WB, Wu YL. Establishment and application of a multiplex genetic mutation-detection method of lung cancer based on MassARRAY platform. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:68-76. [PMID: 27144063 PMCID: PMC4850129 DOI: 10.28092/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to establish a method for highly parallel multiplexed detection of genetic mutations in Chinese lung cancer samples through Agena iPLEX chemistry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analysis on MassARRAY mass spectrometry platform. Methods: We reviewed the related literature and data on lung cancer treatments. We also identified 99 mutation hot spots in 13 target genes closely related to the pathogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis of lung cancer. A total of 297 primers, composed of 99 paired forward and reverse amplification primers and 99 matched extension primers, were designed using Assay Design software. The detection method was established by analyzing eight cell lines and six lung cancer specimens. The proposed method was then validated through comparisons by using a LungCartaTM kit. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method were evaluated by directly sequencing EGFR and KRAS genes in 100 lung cancer cases. Results: The proposed method was able to detect multiplex genetic mutations in lung cancer cell lines. This finding was consistent with the observations on previously reported mutations. The proposed method can also detect such mutations in clinical lung cancer specimens. This result was consistent with the observations with LungCartaTM kit. However, an FGFR2 mutation was detected only through the proposed method. The measured sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed MassARRAY technology-based multiplex method can detect genetic mutations in Chinese lung cancer patients. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied to detect mutations in other cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Tian
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Guang Chen
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Liang Chen
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Bang Guo
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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12
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Gao W, Lu C, Chen L, Keohavong P. Overexpression of CRM1: A Characteristic Feature in a Transformed Phenotype of Lung Carcinogenesis and a Molecular Target for Lung Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:815-825. [PMID: 25629636 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), a nuclear export receptor for various cancer-associated "cargo" proteins, was important in regulating lung carcinogenesis in response to a tobacco carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The objectives of this study are to comprehensively evaluate the significance of CRM1 in lung cancer development and investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting CRM1 for lung cancer treatment using both in vitro and in vivo models. We showed that CRM1 was overexpressed not only in lung tumor tissues from both lung cancer patients and mice treated with NNK but also in NNK-transformed BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, stable overexpression of CRM1 in BEAS-2B cells by plasmid vector transfection led to malignant cellular transformation. Moreover, a decreased CRM1 expression level in A549 cells by short hairpin siRNA transfection led to a decreased tumorigenic activity both in vitro and in nude mice, suggesting the potential to target CRM1 for lung cancer treatment. Indeed, we showed that the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on A549 cells with CRM1 down-regulated by short hairpin siRNA were significantly increased, compared with A549 cells, and the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin became further enhanced when the drug was used in combination with leptomycin B, a CRM1 inhibitor, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Cancer target genes were significantly involved in these processes. These data suggest that CRM1 plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis and provides a novel target for lung cancer adjuvant therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Karyopherins/analysis
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Lung/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Nitrosamines/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/analysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Smoking
- Survivin
- Transfection
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
| | - Chuanwen Lu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Phouthone Keohavong
- Department Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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13
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Mladinic M, Zeljezic D, Shaposhnikov SA, Collins AR. The use of FISH-comet to detect c-Myc and TP 53 damage in extended-term lymphocyte cultures treated with terbuthylazine and carbofuran. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:62-9. [PMID: 22445671 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine and carbofuran are suspected to cause non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lung cancer. We evaluated the effects of prolonged exposure to low concentrations on primary DNA damage by comet assay, and on the structural integrity of c-Myc and TP 53 genes by FISH-comet. Another novelty in studying these pesticides' genotoxicity is the use of 14-day extended-term human lymphocyte cultures. Concentrations corresponded to values of ADI and OEL: for terbuthylazine 0.58 ng/ml and 8 ng/ml; for carbofuran 8 ng/ml and 21.6 ng/ml, respectively. A possible effect of metabolic activation (S9) was also considered. Carbofuran treatment induced a significant migration of DNA into the tail in a concentration-dependent manner, while for terbuthylazine the effect was significant only at the higher concentration. Terbuthylazine caused migration of both c-Myc signals into the comet tail. A significant occurrence of TP 53 signals in the tail was observed at 8 ng/ml. Prolonged carbofuran treatment significantly elevated the migration of a single c-Myc signal into the tail in a concentration-dependent manner. With S9, distribution of signals shifted toward increased presence of both signals in tail. Our results showed impaired structural integrity of c-Myc and TP 53 due to prolonged exposure to terbuthylazine and carbofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Mladinic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Bae EY, Lee EJ, Kang HG, Lee SY, Jin G, Lee WK, Choi JE, Jeon HS, Lim JO, Lee EB, Park JY. Polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes and TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1527-30. [PMID: 22065914 PMCID: PMC3207061 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in the elimination of mutated or transformed cells from the body. Therefore, polymorphisms of apoptosis-related genes may lead to an alteration in apoptotic capacity, thereby affecting the occurrence of TP53 mutations in lung cancer. We investigated the relationship between potentially functional polymorphisms of apoptosis-related genes and TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in 20 apoptosis-related genes were genotyped by a sequenome mass spectrometry-based genotyping assay in 173 NSCLCs and the associations with TP53 mutations in the entire coding exons (exons 2-11), including splicing sites of the gene, were analyzed. None of the 27 polymorphisms was significantly associated with the occurrence of TP53 mutations. This suggests that apoptosis-related genes may not play an important role in the occurrence of TP53 mutations in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gwang Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yanbian University School of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Ok Lim
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the morphologic change and selected molecular features of spontaneous lung tumors in cats examined at the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Thirty-nine primary lung carcinomas represented 0.69% of all feline cases admitted to the hospital. Most lung tumors were observed in aged cats ( P < .0001), and no sex predilection was found ( P < .4241). Persian cats with pulmonary carcinoma were overrepresented in the data set, at least 4 times more frequently than other breeds. The histologic tumor types included adenocarcinoma (64.1%), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (20.5%), and adenosquamous carcinoma (15.4%). Metastasis was observed in about 80% of 39 cases, with decreasing order of intrapulmonary metastasis, intrathoracic carcinomatosis, regional lymph nodes, and distant organs, including digits. The size of the largest tumor mass was significantly associated with metastatic potential ( P < .001). Based on immunohistochemistry, more than 80% (20 of 24) of feline lung tumors were positively labeled with either surfactant protein A or thyroid transcription factor 1. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutant and p53 proteins were detected in approximately 20% (5 of 24) and 25% (6 of 24) of the feline lung tumor cases, respectively. Limited sequencing analysis of K-ras and p53 genes in 3 selected normal and neoplastic lung tissues did not reveal any alteration. Results indicate that primary lung carcinomas are rare but aggressive tumors in cats, thereby warranting further studies on molecular carcinogenesis.
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16
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Cho S, Kim MJ, Choi YY, Yoo SS, Lee WK, Lee EJ, Jang EJ, Bae EY, Jin G, Jeon HS, Lee SY, Cha SI, Park TI, Kim CH, Park JY. Associations between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 73:25-31. [PMID: 21129811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify genetic factors predisposing to TP53 mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A comprehensive panel of potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes was evaluated in relation to TP53 mutations. Thirty-seven SNPs in 28 DNA repair genes were genotyped by a sequenome mass spectrometry-based genotyping assay in 173 NSCLCs and the associations with TP53 mutations in the entire coding exons (exons 2-11), including splicing sites of the gene, were analyzed. Four SNPs (XPA rs1800975, OGG1 rs1052133, ADPRT rs1136410, and NBS1 rs1805794) were significantly associated with the prevalence of TP53 mutations in multivariate analysis for each SNP. When the 4 SNPs were combined, the prevalence of TP53 mutations was increased as the number of bad genotypes increased (P(trend)=0.001). Patients with 3 and 4 bad genotypes had a significantly higher frequency of TP53 mutations than those with 0-1 bad genotypes (adjusted odds ratio=5.18, 95% confidence interval=1.51-17.81, P=0.01 and adjusted odds ratio=18.26, 95% confidence interval=2.87-116.09, P=0.002, respectively). These findings suggest that the 4 SNPs may modulate the occurrence of TP53 mutations and contribute to lung carcinogenesis. However, larger studies are required to confirm our findings in other ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Samduk 2Ga 50, Daegu 700-412, Republic of Korea
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17
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Sanders HR, Albitar M. Somatic mutations of signaling genes in non-small-cell lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 203:7-15. [PMID: 20951313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. A significant proportion of NSCLC cases are not diagnosed until a late stage, when aggressive treatments are required but often prolong survival only modestly. Recent advances in molecular characterization of NSCLC have enabled identification of numerous cell growth and proliferation pathways that are disrupted in these tumors. This knowledge has provided insight into the mechanisms of tumor development in various histologic subtypes of NSCLC and has pointed the way toward targeted treatment strategies. In this review, we highlight literature findings of somatic mutations in genes involved in cell growth and proliferation that are commonly found in the various subtypes of NSCLC, and we discuss how these findings may relate to treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Sanders
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Highway, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA.
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