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Ding K, Zhangwang J, Lei M, Xiong C. Insight into telomere regulation: road to discovery and intervention in plasma drug-protein targets. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:231. [PMID: 38431573 PMCID: PMC10909270 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is a critical metric linked to aging, health, and disease. Currently, the exploration of target proteins related to telomere length is usually limited to the context of aging and specific diseases, which limits the discovery of more relevant drug targets. This study integrated large-scale plasma cis-pQTLs data and telomere length GWAS datasets. We used Mendelian randomization(MR) to identify drug target proteins for telomere length, providing essential clues for future precision therapy and targeted drug development. METHODS Using plasma cis-pQTLs data from a previous GWAS study (3,606 Pqtls associated with 2,656 proteins) and a GWAS dataset of telomere length (sample size: 472,174; GWAS ID: ieu-b-4879) from UK Biobank, using MR, external validation, and reverse causality testing, we identified essential drug target proteins for telomere length. We also performed co-localization, Phenome-wide association studies and enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction, search for existing intervening drugs, and potential drug/compound prediction for these critical targets to strengthen and expand our findings. RESULTS After Bonferron correction (p < 0.05/734), RPN1 (OR: 0.96; 95%CI: (0.95, 0.97)), GDI2 (OR: 0.94; 95%CI: (0.92, 0.96)), NT5C (OR: 0.97; 95%CI: (0.95, 0.98)) had a significant negative causal association with telomere length; TYRO3 (OR: 1.11; 95%CI: (1.09, 1.15)) had a significant positive causal association with telomere length. GDI2 shared the same genetic variants with telomere length (coloc.abf-PPH 4 > 0.8). CONCLUSION Genetically determined plasma RPN1, GDI2, NT5C, and TYRO3 have significant causal effects on telomere length and can potentially be drug targets. Further exploration of the role and mechanism of these proteins/genes in regulating telomere length is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Juejue Zhangwang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Chunping Xiong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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2
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Lin F, Huang J, Zhu W, Jiang T, Guo J, Xia W, Chen M, Guo L, Deng W, Lin H. Prognostic value and immune landscapes of TERT promoter methylation in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1218987. [PMID: 37575241 PMCID: PMC10416624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment options for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain limited to mainstay therapies owing to a lack of efficacious therapeutic targets. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to discover and identify novel molecular targets for the treatment and diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) methylation status with TERT expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration in TNBC and identified the role of TERT methylation in the regulation TNBC prognosis and immunotherapy. Methods Data relating to the transcriptome, clinicopathological characteristics and methylation of TNBC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. TERT expression levels and differential methylation sites (DMSs) were detected. The correlations between TERT expression and DMSs were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves was plotted to analyze the relationship between the survival of TNBC patients and the DMSs. The correlations of DMSs and TERT expression with several immunological characteristics of immune microenvironment (immune cell infiltration, immunomodulators, immune-related biological pathways, and immune checkpoints) were assessed. The results were validated using 40 TNBC patients from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). Results Six DMSs were identified. Among them, four sites (cg11625005, cg07380026, cg17166338, and cg26006951) were within the TERT promoter, in which two sites (cg07380026 and cg26006951) were significantly related to the prognosis of patients with TNBC. Further validation using 40 TNBC samples from SYSUCC showed that the high methylation of the cg26006951 CpG site was associated with poor survival prognosis (P=0.0022). TERT expression was significantly correlated with pathological N stage and clinical stage, and cg07380026 were significantly associated with pathological T and N stages in the TCGA cohort. Moreover, the methylation site cg26006951, cg07380026 and TERT expression were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, common immunomodulators, and the level of the immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) in TNBC patients. Conclusion TERT promotertypermethylation plays an important role in TERT expression regulation and tumor microenvironment in TNBC. It is associated with overall survival and LAG-3 expression. TERT promoter hypermethylation may be a potential molecular biomarker for predicting response to the TERT inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Yalınbaş Kaya B, Ülger Y. Evaluation of possible role of the h TERT gene rs2853669 polymorphism in the development of colorectal cancer as a genetic risk factor. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:961-971. [PMID: 35704667 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2086694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest malignancy. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene has been identified as one of the potential cancer susceptibility genes. We evaluated the relationship between the risk of CRC and CRC's clinicopathological features of the hTERT rs2853669 (A > G/T > C, by the chain direction) polymorphism in Turkish population. The rs2853669 polymorphism was investigated with the LightCycler 96 device in 100 CRC patients and 327 controls. We found that the rs2853669 polymorphism AG/GG genotypes in genetic models reduced the risk of CRC. However, there was no significant relationship between rs2853669 polymorphism and clinicopathological features of CRC in studied population. The results of this study showed that the risk of colorectal cancer is significantly reduced in the individuals having the G (C) allele. Our recommendation is to analyze the hTERT gene expression by studying the hTERT promoter mutations with this polymorphism in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yakup Ülger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Tornillo L, Lehmann FS, Garofoli A, Paradiso V, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S. The Genomic Landscape of Serrated Lesion of the Colorectum: Similarities and Differences With Tubular and Tubulovillous Adenomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668466. [PMID: 34712603 PMCID: PMC8546104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serrated lesions of the colorectum are the precursors of 15-30% of colorectal cancers (CRCs). These lesions have a peculiar morphological appearance, and they are more difficult to detect than conventional adenomatous polyps. In this study, we sought to define the genomic landscape of these lesions using high-depth targeted sequencing. Eight sessile serrated lesions without dysplasia (SSL), three sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia (SSL/D), two traditional serrated adenomas (TSA), and three tubular adenomas (TA) were retrieved from the files of the Institute of Pathology of the University Hospital Basel and from the GILAB AG, Allschwil, Switzerland. Samples were microdissected together with the matched normal counterpart, and DNA was extracted for library preparation. Library preparation was performed using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay targeting 161 common cancer driver genes. Somatic genetic alterations were defined using state-of-the-art bioinformatic analysis. Most SSLs, as well as all SSL/Ds and TSAs, showed the classical BRAF p.V600E mutation. The BRAF-mutant TSAs showed additional alterations in CTNNB1, NF1, TP53, NRAS, PIK3CA, while TA showed a consistently different profile, with mutations in ARID1A (two cases), SMAD4, CDK12, ERBB3, and KRAS. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that SSL/D and TSA are similar in somatic mutations with the BRAF hotspot somatic mutation as a major driver of the disease. On the other hand, TAs show a different constellation of somatic mutations such as ARID1A loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- GILAB AG, Labor für Gastrointestinale Pathologie, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Frank Serge Lehmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Garofoli
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Paradiso
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
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TERT Gene rs2736100 and rs2736098 Polymorphisms are Associated with Increased Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:241-266. [PMID: 34181135 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal telomerase activity plays a key role in the development of carcinogenesis. The variants rs2736100 and rs2736098 of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, which encodes the telomerase catalytic subunit, are associated with the risk of different types of cancers. However, the results remain controversy. We conducted a meta-analysis to more precisely assess this association. We comprehensively searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to June 1, 2020, and retrieved a total of 103 studies in 82 articles, including 89,320 cases and 121,654 controls. Among these studies, 69 published studies including 75,274 cases and 10,3248 controls were focused on rs2736100, and 34 published studies including 14,046 cases and 18,362 controls were focused on rs2736098. The results showed a strong association between variant rs2736100 and cancer risk in all populations. (G vs. T: OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.24; TG+GG vs. TT: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15-1.31; GG vs. TG+TT: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.16-1.36); the variant rs2736098 was associated with cancer risk in all populations as well (A vs. G: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22; GA+AA vs. GG: OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.27; AA vs. GA+GG: OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.38). Stratified analysis based on the cancer type indicated that rs2736100 was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, glioma, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. rs2736098 only increased the risk of bladder cancer and lung cancer. Moreover, the TERT variants rs2736100 and rs2736098 were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer and colorectal cancer. The variants rs2736098 and rs2736100 located in 5p15.33 around TERT were associated with increased cancer risk in all populations. These two variants had bidirectional effects in different tumors.
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Gargallo-Puyuelo CJ, Lanas Á, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Ferrández Á, Quintero E, Carrillo M, Alonso-Abreu I, García-González MA. Familial Colorectal Cancer and Genetic Susceptibility: Colorectal Risk Variants in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00301. [PMID: 33534415 PMCID: PMC7861964 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies estimate that having a first-degree relative (FDR) with colorectal cancer (CRC) increases 2-fold to 3-fold the risk of developing the disease. Because FDRs of CRC patients are more likely to co-inherit CRC risk variants, we aimed to evaluate potential differences in genotype distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to CRC risk between FDRs of patients with nonsyndromic CRC (cases) and individuals with no family history of CRC (controls). METHODS We designed a case-control study comprising 750 cases and 750 Spanish Caucasian controls matched by sex, age, and histological findings after colonoscopy. Genomic DNA from all participants was genotyped for 88 SNPs associated with CRC risk using the MassArray (Sequenom) platform. RESULTS Ten of the 88 SNPs analyzed revealed significant associations (P < 0.05) with a family history of CRC in our population. The most robust associations were found for the rs17094983G>A SNP in the long noncoding RNA LINC01500 (odds ratio = 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.88, log-additive model), and the rs11255841T>A SNP in the long noncoding RNA LINC00709 (odds ratio = 2.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-3.51, dominant model). Of interest, the observed associations were in the same direction than those reported for CRC risk. DISCUSSION FDRs of CRC patients show significant differences in genotype distribution of SNPs related to CRC risk as compared to individuals with no family history of CRC. Genotyping of CRC risk variants in FDRs of CRC patients may help to identify subjects at risk that would benefit from stricter surveillance and CRC screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Gargallo-Puyuelo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Ferrández
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Quintero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- University of La Laguna, School of Medicine, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marta Carrillo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Asunción García-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
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He G, Song T, Zhang Y, Chen X, Xiong W, Chen H, Sun C, Zhao C, Chen Y, Wu H. TERT rs10069690 polymorphism and cancers risk: A meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00903. [PMID: 31454181 PMCID: PMC6785442 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have identified that the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene polymorphism rs10069690 (C>T) is associated with cancer risk, but the results remain inconclusive. METHODS To provide a more precise estimation of the relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 45 published studies including 329,035 cases and 730,940 controls. We conducted a search in PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science to select studies on the association between rs10069690 and cancer risk. Stratification by ethnicity, cancer type, cancers' classification, source of control, sample size, and genotype method was used to explore the source of heterogeneity. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated using random effects models. Sensitivity, publication bias, false-positive report probability (FPRP) and statistical power were also assessed. RESULTS The result demonstrated that rs10069690 was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer overall (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.12, p < .001) under the allele model. Stratification analysis revealed an increased cancer risk in subgroups of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, a significantly decreased association was observed in pancreatic cancer in the European population (OR = 0.93,95% CI: 0.87-0.99, p = .031). In the subgroup analysis based on cancer type, no significant association was found in prostate cancer, leukemia, colorectal cancer and glioma. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that the TERT rs10069690 polymorphism may be a risk factor for cancer, especially breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and RCC. Further functional studies are warranted to reveal the role of the polymorphism in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng He
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Huamin Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Chuanwei Sun
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Chaoyang Zhao
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Yunjing Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Huangfu Wu
- Department of Surgical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
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Minafra M, Laforgia R, Sederino MG, Fedele S, Delvecchio A, Lattarulo S, Carbotta G, Fabiano G. Study of the role of telomerase in colorectal cancer: preliminary report and literature review. G Chir 2019; 38:213-218. [PMID: 29280699 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2017.38.5.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of our study is to focus on hTERT (human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) expression to identify tumoral tissue after a comparison to TP53 and KRAS. More than 85% of cancer cells contain genetic aberrations and also overexpression of hTERT, and, in fact, the promoter of hTERT characterizes all malignant cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our sample is composed of 18 patients, including 10 with CRC that underwent surgical procedure and 8 patients without CRC, which represent the control group. The hTERT gene expression, KRAS and p53 were evaluated by methodical Real Time - PCR on RNA extracted from tumor tissues, peritumoral tissue and control cases. RESULTS Within the CRC group the evaluation of the tumor tissue showed an increase of hTERT expression with a statistical significance (> 0.1) in 5 of these, also associated with substantial increase of KRAS (> 0.2). The peritumoral tissue assessment showed important increase in KRAS in 4 patients (> 0.2), while hTERT is not found to be particularly increased. The value of p53 did not show any particular significance (<0.1). DISCUSSION The analysis of our data leads us to consider that the increase of hTERT is evident in patients suffering from CRC and that some of them will become significant in relation to the increase of KRAS and independent of p53. In peritumoral tissues, however, KRAS increases considerably, instead hTERT maintains a low concentration and this is compatible with the cellular evolution of the neoplastic tissue adjacent to the tumor. CONCLUSIONS hTERT could be used for diagnosis and prognosis in the future, to be able to identify the risk of tumor progression and to set up an adequate therapy.
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The TERT rs2736100 polymorphism increases cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38693-38705. [PMID: 28418878 PMCID: PMC5503564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal telomerase activity is implicated in cancer initiation and development. The rs2736100 T > G polymorphism in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, which encodes the telomerase catalytic subunit, has been associated with increased cancer risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to more precisely assess this association. After a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to November 1, 2016, 61 articles with 72 studies comprising 108,248 cases and 161,472 controls were included in our meta-analysis. Studies were conducted on various cancer types. The TERT rs2736100 polymorphism was associated with increased overall cancer risk in five genetic models [homozygous model (GG vs. TT): odds ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.26-1.54, P < 0.001; heterozygous model (TG vs. TT): OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.11-1.23, P < 0.001; dominant model (TG + GG vs. TT): OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.15-1.31, P < 0.001; recessive model (GG vs. TG + TT): OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.16-1.35, P < 0.001; and allele contrast model (G vs. T): OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12-1.23, P < 0.001]. A stratified analysis based on cancer type associated the polymorphism with elevated risk of thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, glioma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute myeloid leukemia. Our results confirm that the TERT rs2736100 polymorphism confers increased overall cancer risk.
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Gaspar TB, Sá A, Lopes JM, Sobrinho-Simões M, Soares P, Vinagre J. Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E241. [PMID: 29751586 PMCID: PMC5977181 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells can adopt telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) to avoid telomere shortening, an inevitable process due to successive cell divisions. In most tumour cells, telomere length (TL) is maintained by reactivation of telomerase, while a small part acquires immortality through the telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. In the last years, a great amount of data was generated, and different TMMs were reported and explained in detail, benefiting from genome-scale studies of major importance. In this review, we address seven different TMMs in tumour cells: mutations of the TERT promoter (TERTp), amplification of the genes TERT and TERC, polymorphic variants of the TERT gene and of its promoter, rearrangements of the TERT gene, epigenetic changes, ALT, and non-defined TMM (NDTMM). We gathered information from over fifty thousand patients reported in 288 papers in the last years. This wide data collection enabled us to portray, by organ/system and histotypes, the prevalence of TERTp mutations, TERT and TERC amplifications, and ALT in human tumours. Based on this information, we discuss the putative future clinical impact of the aforementioned mechanisms on the malignant transformation process in different setups, and provide insights for screening, prognosis, and patient management stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sá
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Soares
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Vinagre
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Li C, Zhao Z, Zhou J, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao X. Relationship between the TERT, TNIP1 and OBFC1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56932-56941. [PMID: 28915643 PMCID: PMC5593614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and telomere length has been reported correlate with CRC. This study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms of telomere length related genes are associated with susceptibility to CRC in Chinese Han population. 11 SNPs from TERT, TNIP1 and OBFC1 genes were selected and genotyped, in addition odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate association between the SNPs and CRC risk in 247 patients clinically and 300 controls in a Chinese Han population. Our results showed that minor allele "G" of rs7708392 and minor allele "C" of rs10036748 in TNIP1 gene were significantly associated with an increased the CRC risk in genotype model, dominant model and additive model after Bonferroni's multiple adjusted (P<0.0011). Moreover, the two SNPs rs7708392 and rs10036748 were in strong linkage disequilibrium. We observed that the haplotype "G-C" was more frequent among CRC patients and associated with a 1.58-fold increased CRC risk (95%CI=1.17-2.13, P=0.003). Contrarily, haplotype "C-T" was associated with a 0.63-fold reduced CRC risk (95%CI=0.47-0.86, P=0.003). Additionally, SNPs in this study except rs7708392 and rs10036748 were found a modest connection with CRC risk. In conclusion, our study firstly provides evidence for a novel association between polymorphisms of telomere length related TNIP1 gene and CRC susceptibility in Chinese Han population, and the results need a further identification in a large sample size and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.,Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Elite Property Management Ltd, Saskatoon, SK S7H 0S6, Canada
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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12
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Naing C, Aung K, Lai PK, Mak JW. Association between telomere length and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:24. [PMID: 28056862 PMCID: PMC5216529 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human chromosomes are capped and stabilized by telomeres. Telomere length regulates a 'cellular mitotic clock' that defines the number of cell divisions and hence, cellular life span. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence on the association between peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) telomere length and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We searched relevant studies in electronic databases. When two or more observational studies reported the same outcome measures, we performed pooled analysis. All the analyses were performed on PBL using PCR. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of association. RESULTS Seven studies (with 8 datasets) were included in this meta-analysis; 3 prospective studies, 3 retrospective studies and 1 study with a separate prospective and retrospective designs. The pooled analysis of 4 prospective studies (summary OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.77-1.34, I 2:30%) and 4 retrospective studies (summary OR 1.65, 95% CI: 0.96-2.83, I 2:96%) showed no relationship between PBL telomere length and the CRC risk. A subgroup analysis of 2 prospective studies exclusively on females also showed no association between PBL telomere length and the CRC risk (summary OR, 1.17, 95% CI:0.72-1.91, I 2:57%). CONCLUSION The current analysis is insufficient to provide evidence on the relationship between PBL telomere length and the risk of CRC. Findings suggest that there may be a complex relationship between PBL telomere length and the CRC risk or discrepancy between genetics, age of patients and clinical studies. Future well powered, large prospective studies on the relationship between telomere length and the risk of CRC, and the investigations of the biologic mechanisms are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Kyan Aung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Kuan Lai
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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13
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Slattery ML, Herrick JS, Pellatt AJ, Wolff RK, Mullany LE. Telomere Length, TERT, and miRNA Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162077. [PMID: 27627813 PMCID: PMC5023115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that miRNAs are involved in the control of telomeres. We test that hypothesis by examining the association between miRNAs and telomere length (TL). Additionally, we evaluate if genetic variation in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is associated with miRNA expression levels. We use data from a population-based study of colorectal cancer (CRC), where we have previously shown associations between TL and TERT and CRC, to test associations between TL and miRNA expression and TERT and miRNA expression. To gain insight into functions of miRNAs associated with TERT we tested linear associations between miRNAs and their targeted gene mRNAs. An Agilent platform that contained information on over 2000 miRNAs was used. TL was measured using a multiplexed quantitative PCR (qPCR). RNAseq was used to assess gene expression. Our sample consisted of 1152 individuals with SNP data and miRNA expression data; 363 individuals with both TL and miRNA; and 148 individuals with miRNA and mRNA data. Thirty-three miRNAs were directly associated with TL after adjusting for age and sex (false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05). TERT rs2736118 was associated with differences in miRNA expression between carcinoma and normal colonic mucosa for 75 miRNAs (FDR <0.05). Genes regulated by these miRNAs, as indicated by mRNA/miRNA associations, were associated with major signaling pathways beyond their TL-related functions, including PTEN, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Our data support a direct association between miRNAs and TL; differences in miRNA expression levels by TERT genotype were observed. Based on miRNA and targeted mRNA associations our data suggest that TERT is involved in non-TL-related functions by acting through altered miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer S. Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Pellatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Roger K. Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Lila E. Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
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14
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Oztas E, Kara H, Kara ZP, Aydogan MU, Uras C, Ozhan G. Association Between Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Variations and Risk of Developing Breast Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:459-64. [PMID: 27336831 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a reduction in the number of deaths from cancers made possible by the development of early detection tests, improvements in treatment, changes in the age distribution of the population, and changes of personal behaviors as a result of awareness, breast cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in women. Several genetic and environmental factors are known to be involved in breast cancer pathogenesis, but its exact etiology is complicated and is not clearly identified. The structure and integrity of telomeres are pivotal for genome stability, and telomere length is maintained by the expression of the telomerase enzyme. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is a principal functional subunit of the telomerase. Several recent studies have provided evidence that hTERT gene variants may have an important role in cancer development. METHODS Three hTERT variants (rs2736100, rs2736098, and rs2853669) were genotyped for 107 breast cancer patients and 110 healthy controls to determine their effect on breast cancer susceptibility. RESULTS It was observed that hTERT rs2736098 was associated with breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; p = 0.034), while rs2736100 and rs2853669 did not significantly differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings are the first description of hTERT allele distributions in the Turkish population and may contribute to our understanding of breast cancer development. Nevertheless, further large-scale population studies are needed to understand the role of the hTERT polymorphisms and haplotypes in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Oztas
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Kara
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Manolya Uras Aydogan
- 4 Department of Physiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Uras
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Ozhan
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Slattery ML, Pellatt DF, Wolff RK, Lundgreen A. Genes, environment and gene expression in colon tissue: a pathway approach to determining functionality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2016; 7:45-57. [PMID: 27186328 PMCID: PMC4858616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to work together to alter cancer risk. In this study we evaluate previously identified gene and lifestyle interactions in a candidate pathway that were associated with colon cancer risk to see if these interactions altered gene expression. We analyzed non-tumor RNA-seq data from 144 colon cancer patients who had genotype, recent cigarette smoking, diet, body mass index (BMI), and recent aspirin/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory use data. Using a false discovery rate of 0.1, we evaluated differential gene expression between high and low levels of lifestyle exposure and genotypes using DESeq2. Thirteen pathway genes and 17 SNPs within those genes were associated with altered expression of other genes in the pathway. BMI, NSAIDs use and dietary components of the oxidative balance score (OBS) also were associated with altered gene expression. SNPs previously identified as interacting with these lifestyle factors, altered expression of pathway genes. NSAIDs interacted with 10 genes (15 SNPs) within those genes to alter expression of 28 pathway genes; recent cigarette smoking interacted with seven genes (nine SNPs) to alter expression of 27 genes. BMI interacted with FLT1, KDR, SEPN1, TERT, TXNRD2, and VEGFA to alter expression of eight genes. Three genes (five SNPs) interacted with OBS to alter expression of 12 genes. These data provide support for previously identified lifestyle and gene interactions associated with colon cancer in that they altered expression of key pathway genes. The need to consider lifestyle factors in conjunction with genetic factors is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, 383 Colorow, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake, USA
| | - Daniel F Pellatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, 383 Colorow, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine, 383 Colorow, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake, USA
| | - Abbie Lundgreen
- Department of Internal Medicine, 383 Colorow, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake, USA
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16
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Win AK, Clendenning M, Crawford W, Rosty C, Preston SG, Southey MC, Parry S, Giles GG, Macrae FA, Winship IM, Baron JA, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Buchanan DD. Genetic variants within the hTERT gene and the risk of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome. Genes Cancer 2016; 6:445-51. [PMID: 26807197 PMCID: PMC4701223 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer-predisposing disorder caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes but there is a high degree of variability in cancer risk observed among carriers, suggesting the existence of modifying factors. Our aim was to investigate variants within the hTERT gene as a potential colorectal cancer (CRC) risk modifier for MMR gene mutation carriers. We identified 1098 MMR gene mutation carriers (420 MLH1, 481 MSH2, 126 MSH6, 53 PMS2 and 18 EPCAM) from 330 families recruited from either family cancer clinics or population cancer registries of the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry between 1997 and 2012. Using weighted Cox regression after adjusting for ascertainment bias, we estimated associations between 23 SNPs within the hTERT gene and CRC risk. During 46,836 person-years observation, 392 (36%) carriers were diagnosed with CRC at a mean age of 42.2 (standard deviation 11.4) years. There was no evidence of association between any of the hTERT SNPs and CRC risk, overall and stratified by sex and MMR gene mutated, after adjustment for multiple testing. Our findings suggest no evidence for clinical utility of the SNPs within the hTERT gene in Lynch syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Crawford
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan G Preston
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Parry
- New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Jannuzzi AT, Karaman E, Oztas E, Yanar HT, Özhan G. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) Gene Variations and Susceptibility of Colorectal Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:692-7. [PMID: 26501986 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Previous studies demonstrated increased telomerase activity in colorectal cancer tissue and suggested a prognostic value for patients with colorectal carcinoma. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), one of the main functional subunits of the telomerase, is an important factor in modulating telomerase activity, telomere length, and genomic stability. However, there are few studies that have addressed the association between genetic variation at TERT and the risk of colorectal cancer. METHOD We evaluated the influence of three common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TERT gene (rs2853669, rs2736100, rs2736098) on susceptibility to colorectal cancer in 104 patients and 135 controls in a Turkish population. RESULTS We observed that rs2736098 was significantly associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.26-5.10; p = 0.008). On the other hand, rs2736100 and rs2853669 showed no association with colorectal cancer (p ≥ 0.128). CONCLUSION These findings are the first results of TERT allele distributions in the Turkish population and also provide increased understanding with respect to colorectal cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Karaman
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Oztas
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Teoman Yanar
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Cao JL, Yuan P, Abuduwufuer A, Lv W, Yang YH, Hu J. Association between the TERT Genetic Polymorphism rs2853676 and Cancer Risk: Meta-Analysis of 76,108 Cases and 134,215 Controls. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128829. [PMID: 26042809 PMCID: PMC4456375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several recent studies have identified that the TERT genetic polymorphism rs2853676 is associated with cancer risk, but presented inconsistent results. We investigated these inconclusive results by performing a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association. Methods We conducted a search in PubMed, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Science to select studies on the association between TERT rs2853676 and cancer risk. We conducted a stratified analysis using cancer type, ethnicity and source of controls. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Article quality, heterogeneity, sensitivity, publication bias and statistical power were also assessed. Results 26 articles covering 76 108 cases and 134 215 controls met our inclusion criteria. A significant association between TERT rs2853676 allele A and cancer susceptibility was demonstrated under a per-allele risk analysis (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.13). Stratification analysis revealed an increased cancer risk in subgroups of glioma, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. No significant increase was found in melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. In a subgroup analysis of lung cancer, a statistically significant increase was only observed in adenocarcinoma. Moreover, a stratified analysis performed for ethnic groups revealed that the significant increase was only observed in Caucasians, whereas a non-significant increase was found in Asians. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the TERT genetic polymorphism rs2853676 is associated with increased risk of glioma, lung adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer among Caucasians. Further functional studies are warranted to validate this association and investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abudumailamu Abuduwufuer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Hai Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Andersen V, Vogel U. Systematic review: interactions between aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and polymorphisms in relation to colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:147-59. [PMID: 24889212 PMCID: PMC4225470 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). Long-term use of NSAIDs has been associated with lowered risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the use is hampered by adverse effects. Also, the anti-carcinogenic effects of NSAIDs are incompletely understood. Understanding biological effects of NSAIDs may help developing new preventive medical strategies. AIM To identify gene-environment interactions between genetic variation and NSAID use in relation to risk of CRC. METHODS We performed a PubMed literature search and all studies reporting original data on interactions between NSAIDs and polymorphisms in relation to CRC were evaluated. RESULTS We found indications that aspirin interacted with rs6983267 close to MYC (encoding a transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation) and NSAIDs interacted with rs3024505 and rs1800872 in or close to IL10 (encoding IL-10) in preventing CRC. Homozygous carriers of the variant allele of rs6983267 (ca. 25% of the population) halved their risk for CRC by aspirin use compared to homozygous wildtype carriers who did not benefit from aspirin intake. No interaction between use of NSAIDs and PTGS-2 (encoding COX-2) in relation to CRC risk was detected. Other findings of interactions between genes in inflammatory and oncogenic pathways and NSAIDs were considered suggestive. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of underlying biological effects of NSAIDs in relation to CRC is scarce and the basis for stratifying the patients for preventive treatment is not yet available. Further studies assessing interactions between long-term NSAID exposure and genetic variation in relation to CRC are warranted in large well-characterised prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Andersen
- Organ Center, Hospital of Southern JutlandAabenraa, Denmark,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark,Medical Department, Regional Hospital ViborgViborg, Denmark
| | - U Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, Denmark
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Xu J, Mo Y, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang X, Wang J, Hu L, Yang C, Chen L, Wang Y. Conditionally replicative adenovirus-based mda-7/IL-24 expression enhances sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:203-13. [PMID: 22820863 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple drug resistance (MDR) greatly limits the efficacy of chemotherapy for colon cancer. An adenovirus armed with Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24; abbreviated to 'IL-24' here) was shown to reverse the MDR of colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin and doxorubicin. However, the relatively low expression level of IL-24 mediated by a replication-deficient adenoviral vector hindered its clinical application. METHODS To enhance IL-24-dependentreversion of the MDR phenotype, we utilized a conditionally replicative adenoviral vector, AdBB-IL24, to express IL-24 at a high level for more efficient MDR reversion. RESULTS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested conditionally replicative adenoviral vector-mediated IL-24 expression was elevated in comparison with that of a replication-deficient adenoviral vector, Ad-IL24. AdBB-IL24 was shown to reverse MDR in colon cancer cells more potently than Ad-IL24. The AdBB-IL24-induced MDR reversion was linked to reduced P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1) expression. Consistently, 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin induced more apoptosis in AdBB-IL24-infected colon cancer cells compared with that in the Ad-IL24-infected cells. A cell viability assay showed that AdBB-IL24 could enhance the growth-inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin on colon cancer cells more effectively than Ad-IL24 in vitro. In a mouse model, we also found that the combination of 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin with AdBB-IL24 completely inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION We here provide evidence supporting conditionally replicative adenoviral vector-based gene therapy as a powerful strategy to enhance mda7/IL-24-dependent MDR reversion of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical College, Kunming, China
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