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Bender M, Chen IP, Henning S, Degenhardt S, Mhamdi-Ghodbani M, Starzonek C, Volkmer B, Greinert R. Knockdown of Simulated-Solar-Radiation-Sensitive miR-205-5p Does Not Induce Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16428. [PMID: 38003618 PMCID: PMC10671527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation is the main risk factor for cSCC development, yet it is unclear whether the progression of cSCC is promoted by solar radiation in the same way as initial tumorigenesis. Additionally, the role of miRNAs, which exert crucial functions in various tumors, needs to be further elucidated in the context of cSCC progression and connection to solar radiation. Thus, we chronically irradiated five cSCC cell lines (Met-1, Met-4, SCC-12, SCC-13, SCL-II) with a custom-built irradiation device mimicking the solar spectrum (UVB, UVA, visible light (VIS), and near-infrared (IRA)). Subsequently, miRNA expression of 51 cancer-associated miRNAs was scrutinized using a flow cytometric multiplex quantification assay (FirePlex®, Abcam). In total, nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in cell-type-specific as well as universal manners. miR-205-5p was the only miRNA downregulated after SSR-irradiation in agreement with previously gathered data in tissue samples. However, inhibition of miR-205-5p with an antagomir did not affect cell cycle, cell growth, apoptosis, or migration in vitro despite transient upregulation of oncogenic target genes after miR-205-5p knockdown. These results render miR-205-5p an unlikely intracellular effector in cSCC progression. Thus, effects on intercellular communication in cSCC or the simultaneous examination of complementary miRNA sets should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rüdiger Greinert
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Kliniken Stade-Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany; (M.B.); (I.-P.C.); (S.H.); (M.M.-G.); (C.S.); (B.V.)
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2
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Shin E, Han SH, Park IS, Wee JH, Lee JS, Kim H. Does the Necrotic Portion of Metastatic Lymphadenopathy from Squamous Cell Carcinoma Still Have Tumoral Oncologic Information? Differential Diagnosis of Benign Necrotic Lymphadenopathy Using microRNA. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2407. [PMID: 37760848 PMCID: PMC10525664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neck necrotic lymph nodes commonly correspond to metastasis or benign inflammatory conditions such as Kikuchi disease and tuberculosis. Ultrasound-guided biopsy can be used for differential diagnosis, but results may be unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify target microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory and malignant necrotic lymph nodes. We selected six inflammatory lymphadenitis formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples that showed internal necrosis and five cancer necrotic FFPE samples. Tissue microarray (TMA) was performed to separate the necrotic and cancerous portions. Total RNA was extracted from six pairs of separated inflammatory necrosis, five pairs of cancer necrosis, and cancer portions. Differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed by comparing inflammatory necrosis, cancer, and cancer necrosis. Seventeen miRNAs were upregulated in cancer necrosis compared to inflammatory necrosis, and two miRNAs (hsa-miR-155-5p and hsa-miR-146b-5p) showed lower expression in cancer necrotic cells. Nineteen miRNAs that were differentially expressed between inflammatory and cancer necrosis were analyzed for target gene expression; these transcripts demonstrated a clear relationship with cancer. The differentially expressed miRNAs in inflammatory and tumor necrosis were associated with cancer-related pathways. These preliminary results might help in the differential diagnosis of cervical metastatic necrotic lymphadenopathy and avoiding unnecessary excisional biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Hoon Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea; (S.H.H.); (I.-S.P.)
| | - Il-Seok Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea; (S.H.H.); (I.-S.P.)
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (J.H.W.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Joong Seob Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (J.H.W.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (J.H.W.); (J.S.L.)
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3
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Christodoulou S, Katsaraki K, Vassiliu P, Danias N, Michalopoulos N, Tzikos G, Sideris DC, Arkadopoulos N. High Intratumoral i-tRF-Gly GCC Expression Predicts Short-Term Relapse and Poor Overall Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients, Independent of the TNM Stage. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1945. [PMID: 37509584 PMCID: PMC10377136 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent types of cancer, requires the discovery of new tumor biomarkers for accurate patient prognosis. In this work, the prognostic value of the tRNA fragment i-tRF-GlyGCC in CRC was examined. Total RNA extraction from 211 CRC patient cancer tissue specimens and 83 adjacent normal tissues was conducted. Each RNA extract was subjected to in vitro polyadenylation and reverse transcription. A real-time quantitative PCR assay was used to quantify i-tRF-GlyGCC in all samples. Extensive biostatics analysis showed that i-tRF-GlyGCC levels in CRC tissues were significantly lower than in matched normal colorectal tissues. Additionally, the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) time intervals were considerably shorter in CRC patients with high i-tRF-GlyGCC expression. i-tRF-GlyGCC expression maintained its prognostic value independently of other established prognostic factors, as shown by the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Additionally, survival analysis after TNM stage stratification revealed that higher i-tRF-GlyGCC levels were linked to shorter DFS time intervals in patients with TNM stage II tumors, as well as an increased probability of having a worse OS for patients in TNM stage II. In conclusion, i-tRF-GlyGCC has the potential to be a useful molecular tissue biomarker in CRC, independent of other clinicopathological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Christodoulou
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Katsaraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Vassiliu
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Danias
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Michalopoulos
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzikos
- Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "AHEPA", Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamantis C Sideris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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4
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Christodoulou S, Sotiropoulou CD, Vassiliu P, Danias N, Arkadopoulos N, Sideris DC. MicroRNA-675-5p Overexpression Is an Independent Prognostic Molecular Biomarker of Short-Term Relapse and Poor Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9990. [PMID: 37373137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the main cause of cancer-related deaths globally, highlighting the importance of accurate biomarkers for early detection and accurate prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as effective cancer biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic potential of miR-675-5p as a molecular prognostic biomarker in CRC. For this reason, a quantitative PCR assay was developed and applied to determine miR-675-5p expression in cDNAs from 218 primary CRC and 90 paired normal colorectal tissue samples. To assess the significance of miR-675-5p expression and its association with patient outcome, extensive biostatistical analysis was performed. miR-675-5p expression was found to be significantly downregulated in CRC tissue samples compared to that in adjacent normal colorectal tissues. Moreover, high miR-675-5p expression was associated with shorter disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in CRC patients, while it maintained its unfavorable prognostic value independently of other established prognostic factors. Furthermore, TNM stage stratification demonstrated that higher miR-675-5p levels were associated with shorter DFS and OS intervals, particularly in patients with CRC of TNM stage II or III. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-675-5p overexpression constitutes a promising molecular biomarker of unfavorable prognosis in CRC, independent of other established prognostic factors, including TNM staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Christodoulou
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina D Sotiropoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Vassiliu
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Danias
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- Fourth Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis C Sideris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
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Tamas T, Raduly L, Berindan-Neagoe I, Dinu C, Botan E, Bumbu B, Tamas A, Stoia S, Leucuta DC, Bran S, Onisor F, Băciuț G, Armencea G, Băciuț M. The Role of miRNA-221 and miRNA-34a in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck Region. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:503. [PMID: 36833430 PMCID: PMC9956318 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most frequent types of malignancy in the human body with an increasing incidence. Short, non-coding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) can control post-transcriptional gene expression and they have a significant role in several physiological cellular processes and pathologies, including cancer. Depending on the functions of the genes, miRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The aim of this paper was to describe the role of miRNA-34a and miRNA-221 in head and neck NMSC. Thirty-eight NMSC match paired (tumor and adjacent) tissue samples were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted and isolated from tissue samples using the phenol-chloroform (Trireagent) method according to the manufacturer's protocol. The concentration of RNA was measured by a NanoDrop-1000 spectrophotometer. The expression level of each miRNA was calculated by threshold cycle. For all statistical tests, the 0.05 significance level was used and two-tailed p values. All analyses were conducted in an R environment for statistical computing and graphics. We found the miRNA-221 being overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (p < 0.05), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSC) compared with adjacent normal tissue. Additionally, the levels of miRNA-221 were two times higher (p < 0.05) in cases where the excision of the tumor was done with positive margins (R1), which means that we are the first to highlight the potential role of miRNA-221 in the microscopical local invasion. Mi-RNA-34a expression was altered in the malignant tissue compared with the adjacent normal one both in BCC and SCC but not statistically significantly. In conclusion, NMSC are challenging because of their increasing incidence and rapidly evolving development and discovering their molecular mechanisms of action lead us to understand tumorigenesis and evolution, while also contributing to the implementation of novel therapeutic keys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Tamas
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Botan
- Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Bumbu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Adela Tamas
- Doctoral School, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Stoia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Corneliu Leucuta
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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6
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Thomaidou AC, Batsaki P, Adamaki M, Goulielmaki M, Baxevanis CN, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. Promising Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: The Most Clinically Important miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158257. [PMID: 35897831 PMCID: PMC9367895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that extend from the oral cavity to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The principal etiologic factors for oral tumors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been accused of a high incidence of pharyngeal tumors. Accordingly, HPV detection has been extensively used to categorize carcinomas of the head and neck. The diverse nature of HNC highlights the necessity for novel, sensitive, and precise biomarkers for the prompt diagnosis of the disease, its successful monitoring, and the timely prognosis of patient clinical outcomes. In this context, the identification of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or the detection of alterations in their expression patterns, in a variety of somatic fluids and tissues, could serve as valuable biomarkers for precision oncology. In the present review, we summarize some of the most frequently studied miRNAs (including miR-21, -375, -99, -34a, -200, -31, -125a/b, -196a/b, -9, -181a, -155, -146a, -23a, -16, -29, and let-7), their role as biomarkers, and their implication in HNC pathogenesis. Moreover, we designate the potential of given miRNAs and miRNA signatures as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for successful patient stratification. Finally, we discuss the currently ongoing clinical trials that aim to identify the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility of miRNAs in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C. Thomaidou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
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7
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Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121929. [PMID: 34946878 PMCID: PMC8701953 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer. It has a number of subtypes, which include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules, capable of regulating gene expression at a post transcriptional level. They play a pivotal role in a variety of physiologic cellular functions and pathologies, including malignant diseases. The development of miRNAs represents an important study field, which has been extensively exploited in melanoma for almost a decade with promising results, therefore we consider it a stepstone for further research projects also in non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of our study was to explore the current literature in order to present the role of the different miRNAs in some of the most frequent types of NMSC pertaining to oncogenesis, evolution and therapy. The most relevant and accurate available data from the literature were evaluated. Our study concluded that there are almost 100 miRNAs which can be upregulated or downregulated and can play a role in oncogenesis. They can be easily identified in circulation, are stable and they can be important diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring markers.
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Pantazis TL, Giotakis AI, Karamagkiolas S, Giotakis I, Konstantoulakis M, Liakea A, Misiakos EP. Low expression of miR-20b-5p indicates favorable prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, especially in patients with non-infiltrated regional lymph nodes. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102563. [PMID: 32521298 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor recurrence and distant metastasis are very common in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, we examined the potential prognostic value of microRNA-20b-5p (miR-20b-5p), a component of the tumor-related miR-106a/363 cluster. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total RNA was purified from 105 tissue specimens resected from patients having undergone surgical treatment for primary LSCC. After in vitro polyadenylation and reverse transcription, a sensitive real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methodology was applied for the relative quantification of miR-20b-5p levels. Then, we proceeded with biostatistical analysis, seeking to assess the prognostic value of miR-20b-5p expression in LSCC. RESULTS miR-20b-5p positivity constitutes a predictor of inferior DFS and OS in LSCC (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The significant prognostic value of miR-20b-5p expression status seems to be independent of tumor size, histological grade, and TNM stage, as revealed by the multivariate bootstrap Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed also that miR-20b-5p expression status can stratify LSCC patients with non-infiltrated regional lymph nodes (N0) into two subgroups with distinct prognosis (P = 0.004 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The miR-20b-5p expression status is a promising molecular tissue biomarker in LSCC, with an independent prognostic value, and thus merits further validation in larger cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodwros-Leonidas Pantazis
- First Department of Otolaryngology, Athens General Hospital "Hippokration", Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Aris I Giotakis
- First Department of Otolaryngology, Athens General Hospital "Hippokration", Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Karamagkiolas
- First Department of Otolaryngology, Athens General Hospital "Hippokration", Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giotakis
- First Department of Otolaryngology, Athens General Hospital "Hippokration", Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Konstantoulakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Athens General Hospital "Hippokration", Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aliki Liakea
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos P Misiakos
- Third Department of Surgery, University General Hospital "Attikon", Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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Gong B, Wang X, Li B, Li Y, Lu R, Zhang K, Li B, Ma Y, Li Y. miR-205-5p inhibits thymic epithelial cell proliferation via FA2H-TFAP2A feedback regulation in age-associated thymus involution. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:173-185. [PMID: 32371259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential regulators of T cell development and selection. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating TECs proliferation during thymus involution. miR-205-5p is highly expressed in TECs and increases with age. However, the function and potential mechanism of miR-205-5p in TECs are not clear. miRNA expression was profiled using TECs from male and female mice at 1 and 3 months old. A total of 325 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were detected at different ages in two sexes. 24 of the DEMs had the same trend between males and females. Among them, miR-205-5p had the highest fold change. Our results showed that the expression of miR-205-5p was dramatically increased in TECs from 1 to 9 months old mice. miR-205-5p mimic inhibited TECs proliferation. Moreover, we confirmed that Fa2h was the direct target gene of miR-205-5p and FA2H was significantly decreased in TECs with increased expression of miR-205-5p. Silencing of Fa2h inhibited TECs proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Tfap2a could be promoted by FA2H and that TFAP2A could interact with miR-205-5p in TECs. Overall, miR-205-5p is an important regulator of TECs proliferation and regulates age-associated thymus involution via the miR-205-5p-FA2H-TFAP2A feedback regulatory circuit. miR-205-5p might act as a potential biomarker in TECs for age-related thymus involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishuang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Boning Li
- the Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China.
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10
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Cretoiu SM, Zurac S. miRNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Skin Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:71. [PMID: 32185171 PMCID: PMC7058916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is, at present, the most common type of malignancy in the Caucasian population. Its incidence has increased rapidly in the last decade for both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported for a variety of different cancers, including skin cancers. Since miRNAs’ discovery as regulators of gene expression, their importance grew in the field of oncology. miRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, tumor initiation, development progression, and aggressiveness. Nowadays, these short regulatory RNAs are perceived as one of the epigenetic markers for the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers. Moreover, as miRNAs can drive tumorigenesis, they might eventually represent new therapy targets. Some miRNAs are pleiotropic, such as miR-214, which was found deregulated in several other tumors besides skin cancers. Some others are specific for one or more skin cancer types, like miR-21 and miR-221 for cutaneous melanoma and cutaneous squamous carcinoma or miR-155 for melanoma and cutaneous lymphoma. The goal of this review was to summarize some of the main miRNA detection technologies that are used to evaluate miRNAs in tissues and body fluids. Furthermore, their quantification limits, conformity, and robustness are discussed. Aberrant miRNA expression is analyzed for cutaneous melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), skin lymphomas, cutaneous lymphoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In this type of disease, miRNAs are described as potential biomarkers to diagnose early lesion and/or early metastatic disease. In the future, whether in tissue or circulating in body fluids, miRNAs will gain their place in skin cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Lorusso C, De Summa S, Pinto R, Danza K, Tommasi S. miRNAs as Key Players in the Management of Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E415. [PMID: 32054078 PMCID: PMC7072468 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of treatment options for melanoma patients has grown in the past few years, leading to considerable improvements in both overall and progression-free survival. Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened a new era in the management of melanoma patients. Despite the clinical advances, further research efforts are needed to identify other "druggable" targets and new biomarkers to improve the stratification of melanoma patients who could really benefit from targeted and immunotherapies. To this end, many studies have focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are small non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides in length), which post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of their targets. In cancer, they can behave either as oncogenes or oncosuppressive genes and play a central role in many intracellular pathways involved in proliferation and invasion. Given their modulating activity on the transcriptional landscape, their biological role is under investigation to study resistance mechanisms. They are able to mediate the communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment and regulate tumor immunity through direct regulation of the genes involved in immune activation or suppression. To date, a very promising miRNA-based strategy is to use them as prognosis and diagnosis biomarkers both as cell-free miRNAs and extracellular-vesicle miRNAs. However, miRNAs have a complex role since they target different genes in different cellular conditions. Thus, the ultimate aim of studies has been to recapitulate their role in melanoma in biological networks that account for miRNA/gene expression and mutational state. In this review, we will provide an overview of current scientific knowledge regarding the oncogenic or oncosuppressive role of miRNAs in melanoma and their use as biomarkers, with respect to approved therapies for melanoma treatment.
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12
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The miRNAs Role in Melanoma and in Its Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030878. [PMID: 32013263 PMCID: PMC7037367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the less common but the most malignant skin cancer. Since the survival rate of melanoma metastasis is about 10–15%, many different studies have been carried out in order to find a more effective treatment. Although the development of target-based therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies has improved chances for patient survival, melanoma treatment still remains a big challenge for oncologists. Here, we collect recent data about the emerging role of melanoma-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) currently available treatments, and their involvement in drug resistance. We also reviewed miRNAs as prognostic factors, because of their chemical stability and resistance to RNase activity, in melanoma progression. Moreover, despite miRNAs being considered small conserved regulators with the limitation of target specificity, we outline the dual role of melanoma-associated miRNAs, as oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive factors, compared to other tumors.
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Shibayama Y, Kubo Y, Nakagawa T, Iseki K. MicroRNA-101-5p Suppresses the Expression of the Ras-Related Protein RAP1A. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1332-1336. [PMID: 31366868 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. The stem-loop sequence miR-101-1 generates mature miR-101-5p and miR-101-3p. The function and target mRNA of miR-101-5p have not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we demonstrate that miR-101-5p inhibits the expression of RAP1A, a member of the RAS gene family. Transfection of a miR-101-5p mimic significantly inhibited the expression of RAP1A mRNA in HeLa, HEK293, A549, and COLO201 cells. The same treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation. The cytostatic effect with transfection of miR-101-5p was antagonized by treatment with the RAP inhibitor salirasib. These results suggested that miR-101-5p inhibits RAP1A, and thus, the expression levels of miR-101-5p regulate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Shibayama
- Department of Drug Formulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Yoshitada Kubo
- Department of Drug Formulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Drug Formulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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p73-Governed miRNA Networks: Translating Bioinformatics Approaches to Therapeutic Solutions for Cancer Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1912:33-52. [PMID: 30635889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8982-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor p73 synthesizes a large number of isoforms and presents high structural and functional homology with p53, a well-known tumor suppressor and a famous "Holy Grail" of anticancer targeting. p73 has attracted increasing attention mainly because (a) unlike p53, p73 is rarely mutated in cancer, (b) some p73 isoforms can inhibit all hallmarks of cancer, and (c) it has the ability to mimic oncosuppressive functions of p53, even in p53-mutated cells. These attributes render p73 and its downstream pathways appealing for therapeutic targeting, especially in mutant p53-driven cancers. p73 functions are, at least partly, mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which constitute nodal components of p73-governed networks. p73 not only regulates transcription of crucial miRNA genes, but is also predicted to affect miRNA populations in a transcription-independent manner by developing protein-protein interactions with components of the miRNA processing machinery. This combined effect of p73, both in miRNA transcription and maturation, appears to be isoform-dependent and can result in a systemic switch of cell miRNomes toward either an anti-oncogenic or oncogenic outcome. In this review, we combine literature search with bioinformatics approaches to reconstruct the p73-governed miRNA network and discuss how these crosstalks may be exploited to develop next-generation therapeutics.
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15
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Circulating miRNAs as a marker of metastatic disease and prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:966-981. [PMID: 30847025 PMCID: PMC6398176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating miRNAs (miRs) are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers in cancer. We aimed to evaluate the differential expression of miR-23b and miR-190 which are involved in tumor dormancy, miR-21 involved in metastasis and miR-200b and miR-200c involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, in the plasma of patients with early and metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We also aimed to identify associations of the expression levels with patient and disease characteristics and outcomes in metastatic patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. Results miR-21 (p < 0.001), miR-23b (p = 0.033), miR-200b (p < 0.001) and miR-200c (p < 0.001) expression was higher in metastatic compared to early breast cancer. ROC curve analysis showed that miR-21 (AUC = 0.722; p < 0.001) and miR-200b (AUC = 0.720; p < 0.001) distinguished with high accuracy among the two disease states, whereas the combination of miR-21, miR-190, miR-200b and miR-200c, further improved accuracy (AUC = 0.797; p < 0.001). High miR-200b expression independently predicted for shorter OS (p = 0.026) in MBC. High expression of both miR23b and miR-190 emerged as a strong independent factor associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.001) in de novo metastatic patients and high miR-200b independently predicted for decreased OS in the HER2-negative subgroup (p = 0.007). Materials and Methods Blood samples were obtained from patients with early (n = 133) and MBC (n = 110) before adjuvant or first-line chemotherapy, respectively. Plasma miRNA expression levels were assessed by RT-qPCR and were classified as high or low according to the median values. Conclusions Our results are in support of the concept that circulating miRNAs represent a tool with significant diagnostic and prognostic implications in breast cancer.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Wang Z, Xu S, Zhang X, Liu T, Yu S. The long non-coding RNA CRNDE competed endogenously with miR-205 to promote proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells by targeting CCL18. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2296-2308. [PMID: 30257602 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1526602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma was the most malignant skin neoplasm with an increasing morbidity around the world. Although new immunotherapies and targeted therapies have emerged recently, the long-term survival of melanoma patients still remains low. To reveal effective diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies, the potential mechanism of melanoma is urgently needed to be studied. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become an important regulatory factor in the occurrence and development of cancer, and it can be used as a new prognostic and diagnostic marker. In this study, we aimed to inspect the effects of lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) on the melanoma cell viability, invasion and migration. After microarray analysis, 106 dysregulated lncRNAs and 1187 abnormally expressed mRNAs were screened out. Further, the lncRNA CRNDE and CCL18 expression in melanoma tissues and cell lines were examined. It was determined that they were both overexpressed in melanoma tissues and cell lines. The down-regulation of lncRNA CRNDE and CCL18 induced melanoma cell apoptosis and inhibited cell viability. Then, miR-205 which had binding site with lncRNA CRNDE and CCL18 was involved in the next experiment, and it was down-regulated in melanoma that negatively correlated with lncRNA CRNDE expression. In addition, overexpression of miR-205 results in the restore of cell viability and aggressiveness. In conclusion, LncRNA CRNDE promotes the migration and invasion of melanoma by sponging miR-205 and releasing CCL18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yu Zhang
- b Department of Immunology , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Zhengju Chen
- c Technical Consultant Department of Technology Center , Beijing 100biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing , China
| | - Zheng Wang
- d State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Songfeng Xu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Ting Liu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Shengji Yu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Kourtis A, Adamopoulos PG, Papalois A, Iliopoulos DC, Babis GC, Scorilas A. Quantitative analysis and study of the mRNA expression levels of apoptotic genes BCL2, BAX and BCL2L12 in the articular cartilage of an animal model of osteoarthritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:243. [PMID: 30069445 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.05.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Given that apoptosis of chondrocytes is one of the most important factors related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), the recent research interest adds progress not only to the knowledge of the molecular signals that mediate apoptosis but also to find new therapeutic targets. This study attempts to investigate the differential expression of BCL2 family genes in the articular cartilage of an experimental animal model of OA. Methods In total, 26 New Zealand white rabbits underwent an anterior cruciate ligament transaction, 26 more were subjected to a placebo surgery and 18 specimens constituted the control non-operated group. Thirteen weeks later, samples of cartilage from the osteoarthritic and non-osteoarthritic knees were collected and subjected to analysis of the BCL2, BAX and BCL2L12 gene expression at the mRNA level. Results Installed osteoarthritic alterations of varied intensity and of grade 1 up to grade 5, were confirmed according to the OARSI system. Contrary to the physiologically healthy samples, in the osteoarthritic samples the mRNA expression levels of BAX and BCL2L12 genes were found significantly upregulated by signals which can activate apoptosis. However, the difference between BCL2 mRNA expression levels in healthy and osteoarthritic samples was not supported statistically. Conclusions Since apoptosis is the main feature of the cartilage degeneration in OA, the effective inhibition of apoptosis of chondrocytes can provide novel and interesting therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA. Therefore, BAX and BCL2L12 are highlighted as potential therapeutic targets in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George C Babis
- Second Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Diamantopoulos MA, Tsiakanikas P, Scorilas A. Non-coding RNAs: the riddle of the transcriptome and their perspectives in cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:241. [PMID: 30069443 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a heterogeneous group of RNA molecules in terms of biogenesis, biological function as well as length and structure. These biological molecules have gained attention recently as a potentially crucial layer of tumor cell progression or regulation. ncRNAs are expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors, and they play an important role not only in maintaining but also in promoting cancer development and progression. Recent discoveries have revealed that ncRNAs may act as key signal transduction mediators in tumor signaling pathways by interacting with RNA or proteins. These results reinforce the hypothesis, that ncRNAs constitute therapeutic targets, and point out their clinical potential as stratification markers. The major purpose of this review is to mention the emergence of the importance of ncRNAs, as molecules which are correlated with cancer, and to discuss their clinical implicit as prognostic diagnostic indicators, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios A Diamantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakanikas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Adamopoulos PG, Theodoropoulou MC, Scorilas A. Alternative Splicing Detection Tool-a novel PERL algorithm for sensitive detection of splicing events, based on next-generation sequencing data analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:244. [PMID: 30069446 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide researchers with high impact information regarding alternative splice variants or transcript identifications. However, the enormous amount of data acquired from NGS platforms make the analysis of alternative splicing events hard to accomplish. For this reason, we designed the "Alternative Splicing Detection Tool" (ASDT), an algorithm that is capable of identifying alternative splicing events, including novel ones from high-throughput NGS data. ASDT is available as a PERL script at http://aias.biol.uoa.gr/~mtheo and can be executed on any system with PERL installed. In addition to the detection of annotated and novel alternative splicing events from high-throughput NGS data, ASDT can also analyze the intronic regions of genes, thus enabling the detection of novel cryptic exons residing in annotated introns, extensions of previously annotated exons, or even intron retentions. Consequently, ASDT demonstrates many innovative and unique features that can efficiently contribute to alternative splicing analysis of NGS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita C Theodoropoulou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou, Lamia, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
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Panagiotaki KN, Sideratou Z, Vlahopoulos SA, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Zachariadis M, Khoury N, Zoumpourlis V, Tsiourvas D. A Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Mitochondriotropic Nanocarrier for Efficient Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Chloroquine and Enhanced Antineoplastic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E91. [PMID: 29160846 PMCID: PMC5748647 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems that target subcellular organelles and, in particular, mitochondria are considered to have great potential in treating disorders that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. To this end, a novel hyperbranched mitochondriotropic nanocarrier was developed for the efficient co-delivery of two different (both in chemical and pharmacological terms) bioactive compounds. The carrier is based on hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) functionalized with triphenylphosphonium groups that forms ~100 nm diameter nanoparticles in aqueous media and can encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known anti-cancer drug, and chloroquine (CQ), a known chemosensitizer with arising potential in anticancer medication. The anticancer activity of this system against two aggressive DOX-resistant human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines and in in vivo animal studies was assessed. The co-administration of encapsulated DOX and CQ leads to improved cell proliferation inhibition at extremely low DOX concentrations (0.25 μΜ). In vivo experiments against DU145 human prostate cancer cells grafted on immunodeficient mice resulted in tumor growth arrest during the three-week administration period and no pervasive side effects. The findings put forward the potential of such targeted low dose combination treatments as a therapeutic scheme with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina N Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- Ηoremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology Energy and Safety, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Nikolas Khoury
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Romano G, Kwong LN. miRNAs, Melanoma and Microenvironment: An Intricate Network. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112354. [PMID: 29112174 PMCID: PMC5713323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are central players in cancer biology and they play a pivotal role in mediating the network communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment. In melanoma, miRNAs can impair or facilitate a wide array of processes, and here we will focus on: the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the immune milieu, and metabolism. Multiple miRNAs can affect the EMT process, even at a distance, for example through exosome-mediated mechanisms. miRNAs also strongly act on some components of the immune system, regulating the activity of key elements such as antigen presenting cells, and can facilitate an immune evasive/suppressive phenotype. miRNAs are also involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, specifically in response to hypoxic stimuli where they can mediate the metabolic switch from an oxidative to a glycolytic metabolism. Overall, this review discusses and summarizes recent findings on miRNA regulation in the melanoma tumor microenvironment, analyzing their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Romano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Galtsidis S, Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Zampetidis CP, Papachristopoulou G, Scorilas A, Vojtesek B, Gorgoulis V, Zoumpourlis V. Unravelling a p73-regulated network: The role of a novel p73-dependent target, MIR3158, in cancer cell migration and invasiveness. Cancer Lett 2017; 388:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Pavlopoulou A, Oktay Y, Vougas K, Louka M, Vorgias CE, Georgakilas AG. Determinants of resistance to chemotherapy and ionizing radiation in breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:485-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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NEAGU MONICA, CARUNTU CONSTANTIN, CONSTANTIN CAROLINA, BODA DANIEL, ZURAC SABINA, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA, TSATSAKIS ARISTIDISM. Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2516-28. [PMID: 26986013 PMCID: PMC4811393 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting humans worldwide, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The study of skin carcinogenesis is of major interest for both scientific research and clinical practice and the use of in vivo systems may facilitate the investigation of early alterations in the skin and of the mechanisms involved, and may also lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for skin cancer. This review outlines several aspects regarding the skin toxicity testing domain in mouse models of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. There are important strain differences in view of the histological type, development and clinical evolution of the skin tumor, differences reported decades ago and confirmed by our hands‑on experience. Using mouse models in preclinical testing is important due to the fact that, at the molecular level, common mechanisms with human cutaneous tumorigenesis are depicted. These animal models resemble human skin cancer development, in that genetic changes caused by carcinogens and pro‑inflammatory cytokines, and simultaneous inflammation sustained by pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favor tumor progression. Drugs and environmental conditions can be tested using these animal models. keeping in mind the differences between human and rodent skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- MONICA NEAGU
- 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 76201, Romania
| | - CONSTANTIN CARUNTU
- Department of Physiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 79811, Romania
| | | | - DANIEL BODA
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 79811, Romania
| | - SABINA ZURAC
- Department of Pathology, 'Colentina' Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 72202, Romania
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - ARISTIDIS M. TSATSAKIS
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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