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Mavroidi B, Kaminari A, Sakellis E, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D. Carbon Dots-Biomembrane Interactions and Their Implications for Cellular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:833. [PMID: 37375780 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of carbon dots (CDs) on a model blayer membrane was studied as a means of comprehending their ability to affect cell membranes. Initially, the interaction of N-doped carbon dots with a biophysical liposomal cell membrane model was investigated by dynamic light scattering, z-potential, temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane permeability. CDs with a slightly positive charge interacted with the surface of the negative-charged liposomes and evidence indicated that the association of CDs with the membrane affects the structural and thermodynamic properties of the bilayer; most importantly, it enhances the bilayer's permeability against doxorubicin, a well-known anticancer drug. The results, like those of similar studies that surveyed the interaction of proteins with lipid membranes, suggest that carbon dots are partially embedded in the bilayer. In vitro experiments employing breast cancer cell lines and human healthy dermal cells corroborated the findings, as it was shown that the presence of CDs in the culture medium selectively enhanced cell internalization of doxorubicin and, subsequently, increased its cytotoxicity, acting as a drug sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Bottagisio M, Palombella S, Lopa S, Sangalli F, Savadori P, Biagiotti M, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Lovati AB. Vancomycin-nanofunctionalized peptide-enriched silk fibroin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced femoral nonunions in rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1056912. [PMID: 36683682 PMCID: PMC9851397 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1056912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Implant-related infections and infected fractures are significant burdens in orthopedics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of bone infections related to biofilm formation upon implants. Current antibiotic prophylaxis/therapy is often inadequate to prevent biofilm formation and results in antibiotic resistance. The development of bioactive materials combining antimicrobial and osteoconductive properties offers great potential for the eradication of microorganisms and for the enhancement of bone deposition in the presence of infections. The purpose of this study is to prevent the development of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE)-infected nonunion in a rat model. Methods To this end, a recently developed in our laboratories bioactive material consisting of antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles based on carboxylic acid functionalized hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (CHAP) that are integrated into peptide-enriched silk fibroin sponges with osteoconductive properties (AFN-PSF) was employed, whose biocompatibility and microbiological tests provided proof of its potential for the treatment of both orthopedic and dental infections. In particular, non-critical femoral fractures fixed with plates and screws were performed in Wistar rats, which were then randomly divided into three groups: 1) the sham control (no infection, no treatment); 2) the control group, infected with MRSE and treated with peptide-enriched silk fibroin sponges incorporating non-drug-loaded functionalized nanoparticles (PSF); 3) the treated group, infected with MRSE and treated with peptide-enriched silk fibroin sponges incorporating vancomycin-loaded functionalized nanoparticles (AFN-PSF). After 8 weeks, bone healing and osteomyelitis were clinically assessed and evaluated by micro-CT, microbiological and histological analyses. Results The sham group showed no signs of infection and complete bone healing. The PSF group failed to repair the infected fracture, displaying 75% of altered bone healing and severe signs of osteomyelitis. The AFN-PSF treated group reached 70% of fracture healing in the absence of signs of osteomyelitis, such as abscesses in the cortical and intraosseous compartments and bone necrosis with sequestra. Discussion AFN-PSF sponges have proven effective in preventing the development of infected nonunion in vivo. The proposed nanotechnology for local administration of antibiotics can have a significant impact on patient health in the case of orthopedic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bottagisio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Palombella
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sangalli
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Renal Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Savadori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Department of Endodontics, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Zili Sideratou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Arianna B Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
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Sideratou Z, Biagiotti M, Tsiourvas D, Panagiotaki KN, Zucca MV, Freddi G, Lovati AB, Bottagisio M. Antibiotic-Loaded Hyperbranched Polyester Embedded into Peptide-Enriched Silk Fibroin for the Treatment of Orthopedic or Dental Infections. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3182. [PMID: 36144970 PMCID: PMC9503932 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of innovative osteoconductive matrices, which are enriched with antibiotic delivery nanosystems, has the invaluable potential to achieve both local contaminant eradication and the osseointegration of implanted devices. With the aim of producing safe, bioactive materials that have osteoconductive and antibacterial properties, novel, antibiotic-loaded, functionalized nanoparticles (AFN)-based on carboxylic acid functionalized hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (CHAP) that can be integrated into peptide-enriched silk fibroin (PSF) matrices with osteoconductive properties-were successfully synthesized. The obtained AFNPSF sponges were first physico-chemically characterized and then tested in vitro against eukaryotic cells and bacteria involved in orthopedic or oral infections. The biocompatibility and microbiological tests confirmed the promising characteristics of the AFN-PSF products for both orthopedic and dental applications. These preliminary results encourage the establishment of AFN-PSF-based preventative strategies in the fight against implant-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Katerina N. Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Marta V. Zucca
- Silk Biomaterials SRL, Via Cavour 2, 22074 Lomazzo, Italy
| | | | - Arianna B. Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Kaminari A, Nikoli E, Athanasopoulos A, Sakellis E, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D. Engineering Mitochondriotropic Carbon Dots for Targeting Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090932. [PMID: 34577632 PMCID: PMC8470554 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to understand and enhance the capacity of carbon dots (CDs) to transport through cell membranes and target subcellular organelles—in particular, mitochondria—a series of nitrogen-doped CDs were prepared by the one-step microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and ethylenediamine. Following optimization of the reaction conditions for maximum fluorescence, functionalization at various degrees with alkylated triphenylphosphonium functional groups of two different alkyl chain lengths afforded a series of functionalized CDs that exhibited either lysosome or mitochondria subcellular localization. Further functionalization with rhodamine B enabled enhanced fluorescence imaging capabilities in the visible spectrum and allowed the use of low quantities of CDs in relevant experiments. It was thus possible, by the appropriate selection of the alkyl chain length and degree of functionalization, to attain successful mitochondrial targeting, while preserving non-toxicity and biocompatibility. In vitro cell experiments performed on normal as well as cancer cell lines proved their non-cytotoxic character and imaging potential, even at very low concentrations, by fluorescence microscopy. Precise targeting of mitochondria is feasible with carefully designed CDs that, furthermore, are specifically internalized in cells and cell mitochondria of high transmembrane potential and thus exhibit selective uptake in malignant cells compared to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontia Kaminari
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Eleni Nikoli
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Elias Sakellis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zili Sideratou
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-650-3616
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Chatzipetros E, Damaskos S, Tosios KI, Christopoulos P, Donta C, Kalogirou EM, Yfanti Z, Tsiourvas D, Papavasiliou A, Tsiklakis K. The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 34027572 PMCID: PMC8141479 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. METHODS Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. RESULTS The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Chatzipetros
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spyros Damaskos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Christopoulos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Donta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Marina Kalogirou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zafeiroula Yfanti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Papavasiliou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Kostas Tsiklakis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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Stagni V, Kaminari A, Sideratou Z, Sakellis E, Vlahopoulos SA, Tsiourvas D. Targeting breast cancer stem-like cells using chloroquine encapsulated by a triphenylphosphonium-functionalized hyperbranched polymer. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119465. [PMID: 32497731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have garnered increasing attention over the past decade, as they are believed to play a crucial role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence provides insight into the function of autophagy in maintenance and survival of CSCs. Here, we studied the impact of a mitochondriotropic triphenylphosphonium-functionalized dendrimeric nanocarrier on cultured breast cancer cell lines, grown either as adherent cells or as mammospheres that mimic a stem-like phenotype. The nanocarrier manifested a substantial cytotoxicity both alone as well as after encapsulation of chloroquine, a well-known autophagy inhibitor. The cytotoxic effects of the nanocarrier could be ascribed to interference with mitochondrial function. Importantly, mammospheres were selectively sensitive to encapsulated chloroquine and this depends on the expression of the gene encoding ATM kinase. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is an enzyme that functions as an essential signaling mediator that enables growth of cancer stem cells through the regulation of autophagy. We noted that this ATM-dependent sensitivity of mammospheres to encapsulated chloroquine was independent of the status of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Our study suggests that breast cancer stem cells, as they are modeled by mammospheres, are sensitive to encapsulated chloroquine, depending on the expression of the ATM kinase, which is thereby characterized as a potential biomarker for sensitivity to this type of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venturina Stagni
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Via DegliApuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- Ηoremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Lykogianni M, Papadopoulou EA, Sapalidis A, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z, Aliferis KA. Metabolomics reveals differential mechanisms of toxicity of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)-derived nanoparticles to the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2020; 165:104535. [PMID: 32359556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a consensus on the urge for the discovery and assessment of alternative, improved sources of bioactivity that could be developed as plant protection products (PPPs), in order to combat issues that the agrochemical sector is facing. Based on the recent advances in nanotechnology, nanoparticles seem to have a great potential towards the development of the next generation nano-PPPs used as active ingredients (a.i.) per se or as nanocarriers in their formulation. Nonetheless, information on their mode(s)-of-action (MoA) and mechanisms of toxicity is yet largely unknown, representing a bottleneck in their further assessment and development. Therefore, we have undertaken the task to assess the fungitoxicity of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (HPEI), quaternized hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (QPEI), and guanidinylated hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (GPEI) nanoparticles to the soil-born plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb, and dissect their effects on its metabolism applying GC/EI/MS metabolomics. Results revealed that functionalization of HPEI nanoparticles with guanidinium end groups (GPEI) increases their toxicity to V. dahliae, while functionalization with quaternary ammonium end groups (QPEI) decreases it. The treatments with the nanoparticles affected the chemical homeostasis of the fungus, altering substantially its amino acid pool, energy production, and fatty acid content, causing additionally oxidative and osmotic stresses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the comparative toxicity of HPEI, QPEI, and GPEI to filamentous fungi applying metabolomics. The findings could be exploited in the study of the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of HPEI-derived nanoparticles and their further development as nano-PPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Lykogianni
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Sapalidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Part. Gregoriou & Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi 153 44, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Part. Gregoriou & Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi 153 44, Athens, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Part. Gregoriou & Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi 153 44, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Eleftheriou K, Kaminari A, Panagiotaki KN, Sideratou Z, Zachariadis M, Anastassopoulou J, Tsiourvas D. A combination drug delivery system employing thermosensitive liposomes for enhanced cell penetration and improved in vitro efficacy. Int J Pharm 2020; 574:118912. [PMID: 31809858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug-loaded thermosensitive liposomes are investigated as drug delivery systems in combination with local mild hyperthermia therapy due to their capacity to release their cargo at a specific temperature range (40-42 °C). Additional benefit can be achieved by the development of such systems that combine two different anticancer drugs, have cell penetration properties and, when heated, release their drug payload in a controlled fashion. To this end, liposomes were developed incorporating at low concentration (5 mol%) a number of monoalkylether phosphatidylcholine lipids, encompassing the platelet activating factor, PAF, and its analogues that induce thermoresponsiveness and have anticancer biological activity. These thermoresponsive liposomes were efficiently (>90%) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), and their thermal properties, stability and drug release were investigated both at 37 ◦C and at elevated temperatures. In vitro studies of the most advantageous liposomal formulation containing the methylated PAF derivative (methyl-PAF, edelfosine), an established antitumor agent, were performed on human prostate cancer cell lines. This system exhibits controlled release of DOX at 40-42 °C, enhanced cell uptake due to the presence of methyl-PAF, and improved cell viability inhibition due to the combined action of both medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Eleftheriou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Katerina N Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Jane Anastassopoulou
- Radiation Chemistry and Biospectroscopy, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Chatzipetros E, Christopoulos P, Donta C, Tosios KI, Tsiambas E, Tsiourvas D, Kalogirou EM, Tsiklakis K. Application of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial critical-sized defects: A pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e625-e632. [PMID: 30148464 PMCID: PMC6167094 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate for the first time the effect of 75/25 w/w nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) in rat calvarial critical-sized defects (CSDs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Six adult Sprague Dawley rats, 3 males and 3 females, were used. Two CSDs, full thickness and 5mm in diameter, were trephined in both sides of the parietal bone. The right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold, while the left CSD remained empty, as the control group. The wound was sutured in layers. Rats were euthanized with diethyl ether inhalation at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgical procedure. Histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed within distinct regions of interest (ROI): the lateral area inward of the middle sagittal seam; the lateral area outward of the middle sagittal seam and the central area. RESULTS The mean surface of newly formed bone (in μm2) in the lateral area inward of the middle sagittal seam of all rats was significantly higher (P=0.039) in the experimental group (91733.00±38855.60) than the control group (46762.17±25507.97). The NOex-c, defined as total number of osteocytes (OST) in newly formed bone surface in experimental group [experimental OST] minus the total number of osteocytes in newly formed bone surface in control group [control OST], was significantly greater (P=0.029) at 4th week post-surgery. Within the experimental group, a statistically significant increase (P=0.042) in the surface of newly formed bone was noticed in rats euthanized in 4th week compared with rats euthanized in 2nd week after surgery in the lateral area inward of the middle sagittal seam. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds should be considered as a suitable biomaterial for GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chatzipetros
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece,
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Sideratou Z, Agathokleous M, Theodossiou TA, Tsiourvas D. Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyethylenimines as Thermosensitive Drug Delivery Nanocarriers with Controlled Transition Temperatures. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:315-328. [PMID: 29313672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The low critical solution temperature phase transition (Tc) that is exhibited by thermosensitive polymers is strongly dependent on polymer concentration, pH, ionic strength, as well as the presence of specific molecules or ions in solution. Therefore, polymers with Tc values above 37 °C that are useful for hyperthermia therapy are not readily available. In the present study, temperature-sensitive hyperbranched polyethylenimine derivatives were developed through stepwise functionalization with isobutylamide groups. Although factors such as the concentration of polymer, sodium chloride, phosphate ions, and pH considerably affect the transition temperature, it was possible to obtain a hyperbranched derivative having the required Tc (38-39 °C) for the given aqueous medium required in cell experiments through careful selection of the degree of substitution. This thermosensitive derivative can encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known anticancer agent, and was further studied as a temperature-triggered drug delivery system. Although the polymeric carrier showed no notable toxicity at temperatures either below or above the transition temperature, the thermoresponsive drug-loaded formulation exhibited increased DOX cellular uptake and improved in vitro cytotoxicity at 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Maria Agathokleous
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Panagiotaki KN, Sideratou Z, Vlahopoulos SA, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Zachariadis M, Khoury N, Zoumpourlis V, Tsiourvas D. A Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Mitochondriotropic Nanocarrier for Efficient Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Chloroquine and Enhanced Antineoplastic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E91. [PMID: 29160846 PMCID: PMC5748647 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems that target subcellular organelles and, in particular, mitochondria are considered to have great potential in treating disorders that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. To this end, a novel hyperbranched mitochondriotropic nanocarrier was developed for the efficient co-delivery of two different (both in chemical and pharmacological terms) bioactive compounds. The carrier is based on hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) functionalized with triphenylphosphonium groups that forms ~100 nm diameter nanoparticles in aqueous media and can encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known anti-cancer drug, and chloroquine (CQ), a known chemosensitizer with arising potential in anticancer medication. The anticancer activity of this system against two aggressive DOX-resistant human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines and in in vivo animal studies was assessed. The co-administration of encapsulated DOX and CQ leads to improved cell proliferation inhibition at extremely low DOX concentrations (0.25 μΜ). In vivo experiments against DU145 human prostate cancer cells grafted on immunodeficient mice resulted in tumor growth arrest during the three-week administration period and no pervasive side effects. The findings put forward the potential of such targeted low dose combination treatments as a therapeutic scheme with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina N Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- Ηoremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology Energy and Safety, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Nikolas Khoury
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ''Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Abstract
The advantageous biological properties of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) triggered research interest toward the design and synthesis of drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on this polysaccharide. Convenient reaction schemes, including one-step reactions, led to the synthesis of HES conjugates with selected anticancer molecules or therapeutic proteins. Nanocapsules and hydrogels based on HES were also prepared and studied as prospective drug delivery systems. Formulations originating from these drug conjugates and also from nanocapsules and hydrogels loaded with drugs were characterized, highlighting the extension of their half-life in plasma, which is a critical property as far as their efficacy is concerned. Results obtained in vitro and in vivo proved promising, justifying the undertaking of additional experiments with such systems, including their multifunctionalization. The promising formulations that are discussed in this Topical Review is expected to further increase interest in applying HES for molecular constructing novel DDSs with enhanced efficacy, which may, in the future, find clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos M Paleos
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki Greece.,Regulon AE , Apollonos 1, 19400 Koropi, Attiki Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki Greece
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Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z. Triphenylphosphonium Decorated Liposomes and Dendritic Polymers: Prospective Second Generation Drug Delivery Systems for Targeting Mitochondria. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2233-41. [PMID: 27280339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting specific intracellular organelles has been a biological process of significant interest. Specifically, for mitochondrial targeting, conventional liposomal and dendritic polymer nanoparticles were selected to be presented in this miniperspective. Both types of nanoparticles were decorated on their external surface with triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP), a well-known and effective mitochondrial targeting moiety. Due to their advantageous specificity toward mitochondria, these nanoparticles may be considered as prospective second generation drug delivery systems (DDSs). Functionalized liposomal and dendritic nanoparticles are conveniently prepared, and although they encounter several hurdles on their route from the extracellular environment to the interior of mitochondria, they manage to be accumulated inside them in experiments in vitro. Therefore, the TPP-functionalized nanoparticles presented in this miniperspective can prove effective DDSs and efforts should be continued to obtain results that will trigger further studies including clinical studies, hopefully leading to effective drugs for mitochondrial diseases. In fact, since these DDSs enter and act at the site where the dysfunction exists, a new medicine subspecialty is emerging, the so-called mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos M Paleos
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.,Regulon SA , 7 Afxentiou Street, 17455 Alimos, Attiki Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Eleftheriou K, Sideratou Z, Thanassoulas A, Papakyriakou A, Tsiourvas D. Comparative Experimental and Computational Study of Monoalkyl Chain Phosphatidylcholine-Containing Thermoresponsive Liposomes. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5417-28. [PMID: 27280363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes containing lysophospholipids are intensively studied as drug delivery systems that are stable at normal body temperature but exhibit fast release of their drug load at slightly elevated temperatures. In this study, the stability and release properties of dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine (DPPC)-based liposomes incorporating the commonly used lysophosphatidylocholine (lyso-PC), and a series of monoalkyl chain ether-linked phosphatidylcholine, i.e., the biologically relevant monoalkyl chain platelet activating factor (PAF) and its derivatives lyso-PAF and methyl-PAF, were investigated. To this end a series of PEGylated small unilamellar liposomes with DPPC:monoalkyl lipid compositions of 5% and 10% molar ratio were prepared and compared with regard to stability (37 °C) and release properties at elevated temperatures (38-43 °C). All systems were characterized with respect to size distribution, ζ-potential, and phase transition characteristics. The presence of ether-lipids endows liposomes with superior (∼10% increase) release properties at 5% incorporation compared to lyso-PC, while at 10% molar ratio the formulations do not differ significantly, the release being close to 90%. The findings are supported by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that suggest a correlation between the enhanced permeability and increased penetration of water molecules within the bilayers with density fluctuations resulting from the increased area-per-lipid and the disorder of the lysolipids alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Eleftheriou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechology, NCSR ''Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechology, NCSR ''Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Angelos Thanassoulas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR ''Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechology, NCSR ''Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechology, NCSR ''Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Tsiourvas D, Tsetsekou A, Kammenou MI, Boukos N. Biomimetic synthesis of ribbon-like hydroxyapatite employing poly( l -arginine). Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 58:1225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Paleos CM, Sideratou Z, Theodossiou TA, Tsiourvas D. Carboxylated Hydroxyethyl Starch: A novel Polysaccharide for the Delivery of Doxorubicin. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:653-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos M. Paleos
- Department of Physical Chemistry; IAMPPNM; NCSR ‘Demokritos’; 15310 Aghia Paraskevi Attiki Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Department of Physical Chemistry; IAMPPNM; NCSR ‘Demokritos’; 15310 Aghia Paraskevi Attiki Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Department of Physical Chemistry; IAMPPNM; NCSR ‘Demokritos’; 15310 Aghia Paraskevi Attiki Greece
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Theodossiou TA, Sideratou Z, Katsarou ME, Tsiourvas D. Mitochondrial Delivery of Doxorubicin by Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Hyperbranched Nanocarriers Results in Rapid and Severe Cytotoxicity. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2832-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Various strategies for constructing artificial multicompartment vesicular systems, which primitively mimic the structure of eukaryotic cells, are presented. These model systems are appropriate for addressing several issues such as the understanding of cell processes, the development of nanoreactors and novel multicompartment delivery systems for specific drug applications, the transport through bilayer membranes, and also hypothesizing on the evolution of eukaryotic cells as originating from the symbiotic association of prokaryotes.
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Theodossiou TA, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. A novel mitotropic oligolysine nanocarrier: Targeted delivery of covalently bound D-Luciferin to cell mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:982-6. [PMID: 21856448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New and emerging therapeutic approaches focus on the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cell mitochondria with high specificity. Herein we present a novel mitotropic nanocarrier based on an oligolysine scaffold by addition of two triphenylphosphonium cations per oligomer. Although the parent oligolysine failed to enter healthy cells, the triphenylphosphonium modified carrier, with or without D-Luciferin, attached as cargo molecule, demonstrated striking mitochondrial specificity. Furthermore, the oligolysine bound d-Luciferin exhibited chemiluminescence, of lower intensity than free d-Luciferin, yet of remarkably longer steady-state temporal profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.
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Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z. Interaction of Vesicles: Adhesion, Fusion and Multicompartment Systems Formation. Chembiochem 2011; 12:510-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tsiourvas D, Tsetsekou A, Arkas M, Diplas S, Mastrogianni E. Covalent attachment of a bioactive hyperbranched polymeric layer to titanium surface for the biomimetic growth of calcium phosphates. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2011; 22:85-96. [PMID: 21069559 PMCID: PMC3019359 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work is investigating the chemical grafting on Ti surface of a polymer/calcium phosphate coating of improved adhesion for enhanced bioactivity. For this purpose, a whole new methodology was developed based on covalently attaching a hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) layer on Ti surface able to promote calcium phosphate formation in a next deposition stage. This was achieved through an intermediate surface silanization step. The research included optimization both of the reaction conditions for covalently grafting the intermediate organosilicon and the subsequent hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) layers, as well as of the conditions for the mechanical and chemical pretreatment of Ti surface before coating. The reaction steps were monitored employing FTIR and XPS analyses, whereas the surface morphology and structure of the successive coating layers were studied by SEM combined with EDS. The analysis confirmed the successful grafting of the hybrid layer which demonstrated very good ability for hydroxyapatite growth in simulated body fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Tsiourvas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - A. Tsetsekou
- School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - M. Arkas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - S. Diplas
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Forskningsvn 1, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Mastrogianni
- School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z, Tziveleka LA. Drug delivery using multifunctional dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1387-98. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.534981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Theodossiou T, Fardis M, Paleos CM. Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional hyperbranched polyesters as prospective contrast agents for targeted MRI. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4177-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Hypericin hydroquinone is the product of two-electron reduction of hypericin (quinone), a potent phenanthroperylenequinone photosensitizer. In contrast to the quinone, the hydroquinone exhibits strong absorbance in the far-red spectral region. Herein we provide initial evidence on the potential of hypericin hydroquinone as a far-red photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, Attiki, Greece.
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Sideratou Z, Sterioti N, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. Structural Features of Interacting Complementary Liposomes Promoting Formation of Multicompartment Structures. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3083-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arkas M, Tsiourvas D. Organic/inorganic hybrid nanospheres based on hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) encapsulated into silica for the sorption of toxic metal ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water. J Hazard Mater 2009; 170:35-42. [PMID: 19493619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid silica nanospheres were prepared through a biomimetic silicification process in water at ambient conditions by the interaction of low cost poly(ethylene imine) hyperbranched polymer with silicic acid. The characterization of these nanoparticles by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta-potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments confirmed that the dendritic polymer was incorporated into the silica network. Preliminary experiments show that these hybrid nanoparticles can be employed for the removal of toxic water contaminants. Hybrid nanospheres' sorption of two completely different categories of pollutants, i.e. metal ions such as Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Cr(2)O(7)(2-), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as pyrene and phenanthrene, was largely enhanced in comparison with the corresponding polymer-free silica nanospheres. This was attributed to the to the formation of conventional metal-ligand and charge-transfer complexes proving that although integrated into the silica network poly(ethylene imine) retains its chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arkas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.
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Galanou MC, Theodossiou TA, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z, Paleos CM. Interactive transport, subcellular relocation and enhanced phototoxicity of hypericin encapsulated in guanidinylated liposomes via molecular recognition. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 84:1073-83. [PMID: 18627515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (HYP), a photocytotoxic phenanthroperylenquinone was encapsulated in liposomes outfitted with guanidinium-bearing lipids to ensure efficient cell binding through molecular recognition with anionic groups resident on the plasma membrane. The uptake of HYP encapsulated in these liposomes by DU145 human prostate cancer cells, was studied employing fluorescence, versus nonguadinylated liposomes and free HYP. The subcellular localization was in all cases studied by confocal microscopy employing specific subcellular organelle probes. The photocytotoxicity of HYP was assessed, 24 h following irradiation with 15 mWcm(-2) light through a GG 495 Schott filter, by a standard tetrazolium to formazan assay (XTT). HYP uptake by DU145 cells was found to be profoundly enhanced by using guanidinylated liposomes. Also the distance of the guanidinium group from the liposomal surface was found to significantly affect HYP loading, subcellular localization and phototoxicity. The two different modes of liposome cell internalization observed, i.e. plasma membrane fusion and endocytosis, were found to greatly affect the phototoxicity of HYP. Molecular recognition was overall appraised as a promising, novel route for photodynamic therapy, profoundly enhancing its efficacy. HYP encapsulated in liposomes-bearing guanidinium groups was more efficiently taken up by cells, leading to enhanced phototoxicity, in contrast to HYP encapsulated in their nonguanidinylated counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Galanou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR "DEMOKRITOS," Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z, Tziveleka L. Multifunctional dendritic drug delivery systems: design, synthesis, controlled and triggered release. Curr Top Med Chem 2008; 8:1204-24. [PMID: 18855706 DOI: 10.2174/156802608785848996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the strategy for the development of multifunctional dendrimeric and hyperbranched polymers, collectively named dendritic polymers, aiming at their application as drug and gene delivery systems. Employing well-characterized and mainly commercially available dendritic polymers, the functionalization of these polymers is aimed at providing drug carriers of low toxicity, high encapsulating capacity, specificity to certain type of cells and transport ability through their membranes. Following a step-wise functionalization strategy of the starting dendritic polymers one has the option to prepare products that fulfill one or more of these requirements. In particular, in addition to polyvalency which is a common feature of the dendritic polymers, these carriers bearing a number of targeting ligands exhibit specificity to certain cells, another type of groups secures stability in biological milieu and prolonged circulation, while other moieties facilitate their transport through cell membranes. Furthermore, dendritic polymers applied for gene delivery should be or become cationic in the biological environment for the formation of complexes with the negatively charged genetic material.
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Kontoyianni C, Sideratou Z, Theodossiou T, Tziveleka LA, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. A novel micellar PEGylated hyperbranched polyester as a prospective drug delivery system for paclitaxel. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:871-81. [PMID: 18484566 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A hyperbranched aliphatic polyester has been functionalized with PEG chains to afford a novel water-soluble BH40-PEG polymer which exhibits unimolecular micellar properties, and is therefore appropriate for application as a drug-delivery system. The solubility of the anticancer drug paclitaxel was enhanced by a factor of 35, 110, 230, and 355 in aqueous solutions of BH40-PEG of 10, 30, 60, and 90 mg x mL(-1), respectively. More than 50% of the drug is released at a steady rate and release is almost complete within 10 h. The toxicity of BH40-PEG was assessed in vitro with A549 human lung carcinoma cells and found to be nontoxic for 3 h incubation up to a 1.75 mg x mL(-1) concentration while LD50 was 3.5 mg x mL(-1). Finally, it was efficiently internalized in cells, primarily in the absence of foetal bovine serum, while confocal microscopy revealed the preferential localization of the compound in cell nuclei. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kontoyianni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Vinceković M, Bujan M, Šmit I, Tušek-Božić L, Tsiourvas D, Sikirić MD. Influence of Dodecylammonium Chloride on the Properties of Carrageenan Gels. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701808528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tziveleka LA, Psarra AMG, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. Synthesis and evaluation of functional hyperbranched polyether polyols as prospected gene carriers. Int J Pharm 2008; 356:314-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tsetsekou A, Arkas M, Kritikaki A, Simonetis S, Tsiourvas D. Optimization of hybrid hyperbranched polymer/ceramic filters for the efficient absorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from water. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tsogas I, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Theodossiou TA, Paleos CM. Interactive transport of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine)-based dendrimers through liposomal and cellular membranes. Chembiochem 2008; 8:1865-76. [PMID: 17854019 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ability of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers to translocate across lipid bilayers was assessed by employing either a model phosphate-bearing liposomal membrane system or A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Two dendrimer generations, differing in the number of surface guanidinium groups, were employed, while surface acetylation or the use of spacers affected the binding of the guanidinium group to the phosphate moiety and finally the transport efficiency. Following adhesion of dendrimers with liposomes, fusion or transport occurred. Transport through the liposomal bilayer was observed at low guanidinium/phosphate molar ratios, and was enhanced when the bilayer was in the liquid-crystalline phase. For effective transport through the liposomal membrane, an optimum balance between the binding strength and the degree of hydrophobicity of the guanidinylated dendrimer is required. In experiments performed in vitro with cells, efficient penetration and internalization in subcellular organelles and cytosol was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsogas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Abstract
This review discusses the development of functional and multifunctional dendrimeric and hyperbranched polymers, collectively called dendritic polymers, with the objective of being applied as drug and gene delivery systems. In particular, using as starting materials known and well-characterized basic dendritic polymers, the review deals with the type of structural modifications to which these dendritic polymers were subjected for the development of drug carriers with low toxicity, high encapsulating capacity, a specificity for certain biological cells, and the ability to be transported through their membranes. Proceeding from functional to multifunctional dendritic polymers, one is able to prepare products that fulfill one or more of these requirements, which an effective drug carrier should exhibit. A common feature of the dendritic polymers is the exhibition of polyvalent interactions, while for multifunctional derivatives, a number of targeting ligands determine specificity, another type of group secures stability in biological milieu and prolonged circulation, while others facilitate their transport through cell membranes. Furthermore, dendritic polymers employed for gene delivery should be or become cationic in the biological environment for the formation of complexes with the negatively charged genetic material.
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Tziveleka LA, Psarra AMG, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. Synthesis and characterization of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as gene transfection agents. J Control Release 2007; 117:137-46. [PMID: 17156881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fourth generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer has been completely or partially functionalized with guanidinium groups. In the second case, the remaining toxic primary amino groups of the dendrimers were reacted with propylene oxide affording the corresponding hydroxylated derivatives. Five derivatives have been prepared bearing 0, 6, 12, 24 or 32 guanidinium groups. These guanidinylated dendrimers were interacted with plasmid DNA affording the corresponding dendriplexes. The complexes were physicochemically characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential measurements and AFM, while the extent of complexation was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, their transfection efficiency was assessed employing HEK 293 and COS-7 cell lines, while the serum effect was studied in HEK 293 cells. It was found that complete replacement of primary amino groups with the hydroxylated moieties resulted in complete loss of transfection efficiency. On the contrary, guanidinylation of the parent dendrimer resulted to significant enhancement of its transfection efficiency, this enhancement being dependent on the number of guanidinium groups per dendrimer, the cell line used and the presence or absence of FBS. The fully guanidinylated dendrimer exhibited the best transfection efficiency under all the conditions studied. This efficiency has been attributed to the enhanced penetrating ability of the guanidinylated dendrimers due to the accumulation of the guanidinium group at the dendrimeric surface. It was also found that the derivative with 12 guanidinium groups exhibited the lowest toxicity. The reduction of toxicity was apparently attributed to the decrease of the external primary amino groups coupled with the presence of hydroxylated moieties located at the dendrimeric surface. The functionalization strategy employed leads to dendrimeric derivatives that combine satisfactory transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity.
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Allabashi R, Arkas M, Hörmann G, Tsiourvas D. Removal of some organic pollutants in water employing ceramic membranes impregnated with cross-linked silylated dendritic and cyclodextrin polymers. Water Res 2007; 41:476-86. [PMID: 17123570 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Triethoxysilylated derivatives of poly(propylene imine) dendrimer, polyethylene imine and polyglycerol hyperbranched polymers and beta-cyclodextrin have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds impregnated ceramic membranes made from Al(2)O(3), SiC and TiO(2) and subsequently sol-gel reaction led to their polymerization and chemical bond formation with the ceramic substrates. The resulting organic-inorganic filters were tested for the removal of a variety of organic pollutants from water. They were found to remove of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (up to 99%), of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (up to 93%), trihalogen methanes (up to 81%), pesticides (up to 43%) and methyl-tert-butyl ether (up to 46%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Allabashi
- Department Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Tsogas I, Tsiourvas D, Nounesis G, Paleos CM. Modeling cell membrane transport: interaction of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with a liposomal membrane consisting of phosphate-based lipids. Langmuir 2006; 22:11322-8. [PMID: 17154621 DOI: 10.1021/la0620861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mixed anionic liposomes consisting of dihexadecyl phosphate, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol were employed as model systems for assessing the ability of a series of functionalized dendrimers, bearing a varying number of guanidinium groups at their surface, to translocate across the liposomal bilayers. At low guanidinium/phosphate molar ratios or when weakly guanidinylated dendrimeric derivatives were employed, the dendrimeric derivative acted as a kind of "molecular glue" leading to a simple adhesion of the liposomes. Liposomal fusion occurred to a certain extent at high guanidinium/phosphate molar ratios or when highly guanidinylated dendrimeric derivatives were employed. Furthermore, translocation of these dendrimeric derivatives to the liposomal core was observed for low to medium guanidinylation and at low guanidinium/phosphate molar ratios which was, however, enhanced when the lipid bilayer was in its fluid liquid-crystalline phase. Thus, an optimum balance is required between the binding strength of guanidinium with the phosphate groups and the degree of hydrophilicity of the guanidinylated dendrimers for the transport of the latter to the liposomal core to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsogas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Tsiourvas D, Mihou AP, Couladouros EA, Paleos CM. Liquid Crystals Resulting from Combined Ionic and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions of Nucleobase Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250108025768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsiourvas
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos” , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
| | - Anastasia P. Mihou
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos” , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
- b Chemistry Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens , lera Odos 75, Athens , 11855 , Greece
| | - Elias A. Couladouros
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos” , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
- b Chemistry Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens , lera Odos 75, Athens , 11855 , Greece
| | - Constantinos M. Paleos
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos” , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsiourvas
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos” , 15310 , Aghia Paraskevi , Attiki , Greece
| | - Constantinos M. Paleos
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos” , 15310 , Aghia Paraskevi , Attiki , Greece
| | - Antoine Skoulios
- b Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux , 23, rue du Loess, 67037 , Strasbourg , France
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Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Fillipakis S, Fillipaki L. Mesomorphic Character of Some Long-Chain 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives Susceptible to Facile Functionalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259408037735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Paleos
- a NRC “Demokritos” , 15310 , Aghia Paraskevi , Attiki , Greece
| | - D. Tsiourvas
- a NRC “Demokritos” , 15310 , Aghia Paraskevi , Attiki , Greece
| | - S. Fillipakis
- a NRC “Demokritos” , 15310 , Aghia Paraskevi , Attiki , Greece
| | - L. Fillipaki
- a NRC “Demokritos” , 15310 , Aghia Paraskevi , Attiki , Greece
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Kardassi D, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM, Heinrich B, Skoulios A. Dilatometric Studies of Liquid Crystalline Sodium and Rubidium Dihexadecylphosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259908025404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kardassi
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry , NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry , NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
| | - Constaninos M. Paleos
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry , NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
| | - Benoit Heinrich
- b Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg , 23 rue de Loess, 67037 , Strasbourg , Cedex , France
| | - Antoine Skoulios
- a Institute of Physical Chemistry , NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki , Greece
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Arkas M, Allabashi R, Tsiourvas D, Mattausch EM, Perfler R. Organic/inorganic hybrid filters based on dendritic and cyclodextrin "nanosponges" for the removal of organic pollutants from water. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:2771-7. [PMID: 16683622 DOI: 10.1021/es052290v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-alkyl chain functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimer, poly(ethylene imine) hyperbranched polymer, and beta-cyclodextrin derivatives, which are completely insoluble in water, have the property of encapsulating organic pollutants from water. Ceramic porous filters can be impregnated with these compounds resulting in hybrid organic/ inorganic filter modules. These hybrid filter modules were tested for the effective purification of water, by continuous filtration experiments, employing a variety of water pollutants. It has been established that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be removed very efficiently (more than 95%), and final concentrations of several ppb (microg/ L) are easily obtained. Representatives of the pollutant group of trihalogen methanes (THMs), monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTX), and pesticides (simazine) can also be removed (>80%), although the filters are saturated considerably faster in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arkas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Tziveleka LA, Kontoyianni C, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. Novel Functional Hyperbranched Polyether Polyols as Prospective Drug Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:161-9. [PMID: 16456875 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional hyperbranched polyether polyols bearing protective poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains with or without the folate targeting ligand at their end have been prepared. Solubilization in these polymers of a fluorescent probe, pyrene, and an anticancer drug, tamoxifen, was physicochemically investigated. It was found that PEG chains attached at the surface of these hyperbranched polymers, in addition to their well-established protective role, enhance the encapsulation efficiency of the polymers. The release of pyrene and tamoxifen observed upon addition of sodium chloride is, in most of the cases, significant only at concentrations exceeding the physiological extracellular concentration. Thus, a significant amount of the probe or drug remains solubilized inside the carriers, which is an encouraging result if the polymers are to be used for drug delivery.
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Pantos A, Tsiourvas D, Nounesis G, Paleos CM. Interaction of functional dendrimers with multilamellar liposomes: design of a model system for studying drug delivery. Langmuir 2005; 21:7483-90. [PMID: 16042483 DOI: 10.1021/la0510331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multilamellar liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-dihexadecyl phosphate (19:9.5:1 molar ratio) and dispersed in aqueous or phosphate buffer solutions were interacted with poly(propylene imine) dendrimers which were partially functionalized with guanidinium groups. The remaining toxic external primary amino groups of the dendrimers were reacted with propylene oxide, affording the corresponding hydroxylated derivatives. Microscopic, zeta-potential, and dynamic light scattering techniques have shown that liposomal-dendrimeric molecular recognition occurs due to the interaction between the complementary phosphate and guanidinium groups. Calcein liposomal entrapment experiments demonstrate a limited leakage, i.e., less than 13%, following liposomes interaction with the modified dendrimers. Calorimetric studies indicate that the enthalpy of the interaction is dependent on the number of guanidinium groups present at the dendrimeric surface and the medium. The process is reversible, and redispersion of the aggregates occurs by adding concentrated phosphate buffer. Two corticosteroid drugs, i.e., betamethasone dipropionate and betamethasone valerate, were encapsulated into the functionalized dendrimers. Drug transport from guanidinylated dendrimers to multilamellar liposomes ranges from 40% to 85%, and it is also dependent on the medium and the degree of dendrimer guanidinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Pantos
- Institutes of Physical Chemistry and of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Pantos A, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM, Nounesis G. Enhanced drug transport from unilamellar to multilamellar liposomes induced by molecular recognition of their lipid membranes. Langmuir 2005; 21:6696-702. [PMID: 16008376 DOI: 10.1021/la050211n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Unilamellar PC-based liposomes bearing a recognizable moiety were loaded either with the hydrophilic drug doxorubicin (DXR) or with the hydrophobic drug tamoxiphen (TMX) and allowed to interact with multilamellar PC-based liposomes bearing complementary recognizable groups. It has been established that, due to molecular recognition of these complementary liposomes, effective and fast transport of the drugs occurs from unilamellar to multilamellar liposomes. The transport of TMX is more effective compared to that of DXR. This behavior was observed for both PEGylated and non-PEGylated unilamellar liposomes, and it was attributed to the different sites of solubilization of the drugs in the unilamellar liposomes. PEGylation reduces the transport of both drugs since it inhibits to some extent the molecular recognition effectiveness of the complementary moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Pantos
- Institutes of Physical Chemistry and of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Tsogas I, Tsiourvas D, Nounesis G, Paleos CM. Interaction of poly-L-arginine with dihexadecyl phosphate/phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Langmuir 2005; 21:5997-6001. [PMID: 15952852 DOI: 10.1021/la050475+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, mixed liposomes of dihexadecyl phosphate sodium salt:phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol at a 1:19:9.5 molar ratio were allowed to interact with poly-L-arginine at temperatures below and above the main phase transition of the liposomal membrane. The interaction led to the formation of aggregates, which gradually increased in size and eventually precipitated. It was, however, possible, during the initial stage of the experiments, when the ratio of guanidinium group relative to phosphate was smaller than ca. 40%, to determine their size and charge and observe their morphology in aqueous dispersion. Fluorescence experiments established that the liposomes are not ruptured during their interaction with poly-L-arginine. Instead, they are attached at the polypeptide chain through the guanidinium-phosphate complementary pair. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that the poly-L-arginine chain is accessible for interaction with iodides dissolved in the aqueous phase when the temperature of the liposomal dispersion is below the main lipid phase transition. It is, however, partitioned in the interior of the membrane at temperatures exceeding this main lipid phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsogas
- Institutes of Physical Chemistry and Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Tsogas I, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM, Giatrellis S, Nounesis G. Interaction of l-arginine with dihexadecylphosphate unilamellar liposomes: the effect of the lipid phase organization. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 134:59-68. [PMID: 15752464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of L-arginine with unilamellar liposomes of dihexadecylphosphate sodium salt (DHP-Na) has been investigated using calorimetric, light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and zeta-potential techniques. Heating from room temperature, the bilayer exhibits a phase transition from a subgel (L(c)) to the gel (L(beta')) phase as well as a pre-transition (L(beta')-P(beta')), which is followed by the main lipid phase transition (P(beta')-L(alpha)). Direct studies of the interaction of L-arginine with the DHP-Na bilayers via isothermal titration calorimetry at 27 degrees C depict significant differences between samples in the L(c) and the L(beta') phases reflecting the effect of molecular organization of the lipids upon the interaction. While L-arginine has only a small impact upon the L(c) to L(beta') phase transition, it affects more significantly the transition temperature as well as the shape of the DSC peaks of the main lipid phase transition. Based on fluorescence and zeta-potential studies, the permeability of L-arginine through the liposomal membrane is higher within the temperature range of the main lipid phase transition. Encapsulated l-arginine obstructs the formation of the subgel phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsogas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Felekis T, Tziveleka L, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. Liquid Crystals Derived from Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Complexes of Pyridinylated Hyperbranched Polyglycerol and Cholesterol-Based Carboxylic Acids. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047958p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Felekis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Leto Tziveleka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Constantinos M. Paleos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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