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Colares DF, Domingos NRDS, Mafra RP, da Silva LP, Pinto LP, de Souza LB. Is epithelial-mesenchymal transition related to the biological behavior of salivary gland neoplasms? Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106017. [PMID: 38852529 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the expression of E-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCa) and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomas (CaexPA) of salivary glands, as well as investigate possible associations with clinicopathological parameters. STUDY DESIGN E-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 antibody immunostaining were analyzed semiquantitatively in 20 PAs, 20 AdCCas and 10 CaexPAs. Cases were classified as low and high expression for analysis of the association with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Compared to PAs, AdCCas and CaexPAs exhibited higher nuclear expression of Snail1 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.028, respectively) and Twist1 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001). Membranous and cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin were positively correlated in PAs, AdCCas and CaexPAs (r = 0.645, p = 0.002; r = 0.824, p < 0.001; r = 0.677, p = 0.031). In PAs, positive correlation was found between nuclear expression of Snail1 and membrane expression of E-cadherin (r = 0.634; p = 0.003), as well as between nuclear expression of Snail1 and Twist1 (r = 0.580; p = 0.007). Negative correlations were detected between membrane expression of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic expression of Snail1 in AdCCas (r = - 0.489; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin, Twist1, and Snail1 may participate in modulating events related to cell differentiation and adhesion in PAs and to biological behavior in AdCCas and CaexPAs, which indicates the involvement of EMT in these processes. Furthermore, the expression of these proteins in these carcinomas may reflect the plasticity feature of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Frota Colares
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Leorik Pereira da Silva
- Oral Histopathology Service, Health and Rural Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Burkhardt V, Kayser G, Villing T, Becker C. Tumor budding - a potential biomarker in low grade salivary gland carcinomas? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1410264. [PMID: 38983934 PMCID: PMC11231199 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1410264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade salivary gland carcinoma is regularly treated with surgical therapy of the salivary gland without elective neck dissection in T1/2 carcinomas, either alone or with adjuvant radiation therapy. However, occult metastasis and locoregional recurrence influence therapy and outcome. Tumor budding is an emerging prognostic pathological factor in many carcinomas, but has not yet been adequately considered in salivary gland carcinomas. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center study of 64 patients diagnosed with low-grade carcinoma of the major salivary glands treated between 2003 and 2017. Pathological risk factors and TNM classification were thoroughly assessed for each case. All hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained histological specimens underwent careful examination, and tumor budding was identified following the guidelines set forth by the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference in 2016. Results Tumor budding was not statistically significant concerning 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) (p=0.969) and mean overall survival (log-rank p=0.315). Whereas 5-year disease-free survival rate (5-YDFSR) was 87% in the low tumor budding group and 61.1% in the intermediate and high tumor budding group (p=0.021). Mean disease-free survival accounted for 100.2 months (CI: 88.6;111.9) in the low budding score group and 58.7 months (CI: 42.8;74.6) in the other group (log-rank p=0.032). Notably, pT1/2 showed significantly lower tumor buds than pT3/4 stages (2.43 tumor buds/0.785 mm2 vs. 4.19 tumor buds/0.785 mm2, p=0.034). Similar findings were noted comparing nodal-positive and nodal-negative patients, as well as patients with and without lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion (each p<0.05). Conclusions Tumor budding might be used as an additional prognostic factor for recurrence in low-grade salivary gland carcinoma, seemingly associated with a higher nodal metastasis rate and advanced tumor stages and a worse 5-YDFSR. Consequently, the evaluation of tumor budding in resection specimens of low-grade salivary gland tumor may prove valuable in decision-making for neck dissection and follow-up strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Burkhardt
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Institute of Pathology Naehrig Mattern Kayser, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Theo Villing
- Institute of Pathology Naehrig Mattern Kayser, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Hoff CO, Dal Lago EA, Siqueira JM, de Sousa LG, El-Naggar AK, Ahnert JR, Ferrarotto R. First Use of AXL Targeting in Metastatic, Refractory, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Case Report. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300633. [PMID: 38579194 PMCID: PMC11018191 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
First use of AXL-targeting in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC); with positive results, ACC now included in AXL studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla O. Hoff
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Juliana Mota Siqueira
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luana G. de Sousa
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jordi Rodon Ahnert
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Parol‐Kulczyk M, Durślewicz J, Blonkowska L, Wujec R, Gzil A, Piątkowska D, Ligmanowska J, Grzanka D. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e12365. [PMID: 38436543 PMCID: PMC10910479 DOI: 10.1002/2056-4538.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common subtypes of renal cancer, with 30% of patients presenting with systemic disease at diagnosis. This aggressiveness is a consequence of the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by many different inducers or regulators, signaling cascades, epigenetic regulation, and the tumor environment. Alterations in EMT-related genes and transcription factors are associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. EMT-related factors suppress E-cadherin expression and are associated with tumor progression, local invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels and prognostic significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), β-catenin, and E-cadherin in ccRCC patients. We examined these proteins immunohistochemically in tumor areas and adjacent normal tissues resected from patients with ccRCC. Analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort was performed to verify our results. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that median overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with tumors exhibiting high MIFn and MIFm-c levels compared to those with low MIFn and MIFm-c levels (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007, respectively). In the TCGA cohort, there was a significant correlation between MIF expression and OS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study provides further evidence for the biological and prognostic value of MIF in the context of EMT as a potential early prognostic marker for advanced-stage ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Parol‐Kulczyk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Laura Blonkowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Radosław Wujec
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Daria Piątkowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Joanna Ligmanowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
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de Morais EF, de Farias Morais HG, de Almeida Freitas R, Coletta RD. Prognostic Significance of Histopathological Parameters for Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:262. [PMID: 37999026 PMCID: PMC10670021 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare salivary gland tumor that accounts for approximately 1% of all head and neck cancers. Despite its initial indolent behavior, long-term survival is poor due to locoregional recurrence in approximately 40% and distant metastasis in up to 60% of patients who undergo radical treatment. The histological parameters of ACC and the combination of these parameters in histopathological grading systems provide valuable prognostic information about the clinical course of the disease. Within this context, this review aims to analyze the impact of histopathological parameters, individual or combined in histopathological grading systems of malignancy, on ACC prognosis. Individual histopathological parameters such as solid pattern, presence of tumor necrosis, high-grade transformation, dominance of the epithelial component, presence of perineural and lymphovascular invasion, and positive surgical margins have negative impacts on the survival of patients with ACC. There are currently four histopathological grading systems for ACC; however, few studies have validated these systems and most of them explored small cohorts with short follow-up. Considering that the application of grading systems has been associated with ACC prognosis, a broader validation will allow not only their use for prognostic prediction but also assist in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Freitas de Morais
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil;
| | - Hannah Gil de Farias Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59000-000, RN, Brazil; (H.G.d.F.M.); (R.d.A.F.)
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59000-000, RN, Brazil; (H.G.d.F.M.); (R.d.A.F.)
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
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Su R, Zhong S, Wang P, Lin Z. Induction of perineural invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by circular RNA RNF111. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3152-3164. [PMID: 37222950 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Local recurrence, distant metastasis, and perineural invasion (PNI) viciously occur in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), resulting in a poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which circular RNA RNF111 (circ-RNF111) regulates PNI in SACC by targeting the miR-361-5p/high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) axis. METHOD Circ-RNF111 and HMGB2 were highly expressed in SACC specimens, while miR-361-5p was underexpressed. Functional experiments showed that ablating circ-RNF111 or promoting miR-361-5p hindered the biological functions and PNI of SACC-LM cells. RESULTS HMGB2 overexpression induced the reversal of SACC-LM cell biological functions and PNI caused by circ-RNF111 knockout. Furthermore, reduction of circ-RNF111 suppressed PNI in a SACC xenograft model. Circ-RNF111 regulated HMGB2 expression through targeted modulation of miR-361-5p. CONCLUSION Taken together, circ-RNF111 stimulates PNI in SACC by miR-361-5p/HMGB2 axis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- RongBin Su
- Department of Stomatology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - ShuSheng Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - PengHui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - ZhongWei Lin
- Department of Radiology, Longyan People's Hospital, No. 31, Denggao West Road, Xinluo District, Fujian Province, 364000, Longyan, China.
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Hoch CC, Stögbauer F, Wollenberg B. Unraveling the Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112886. [PMID: 37296849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is considered a challenging malignancy; it is characterized by a slow-growing nature, yet a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, presenting significant hurdles in its treatment and management. At present, there are no approved targeted agents available for the management of SACC and systemic chemotherapy protocols that have demonstrated efficacy remain to be elucidated. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process that is closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis, enabling epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal properties, including increased mobility and invasiveness. Several molecular signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of EMT in SACC, and understanding these mechanisms is crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets and developing more effective treatment approaches. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of EMT in SACC, including the molecular pathways and biomarkers involved in EMT regulation. By highlighting the most recent findings, this review offers insights into potential new therapeutic strategies that could improve the management of SACC patients, especially those with recurrent or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
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Michaelides I, Künzel J, Ettl T, Beckhove P, Bohr C, Brochhausen C, Mamilos A. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: a pilot study of potential therapeutic targets and characterization of the immunological tumor environment and angiogenesis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:2937-2944. [PMID: 36856809 PMCID: PMC10175421 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of cancer commonly occurring in salivary glands. It is characterized by slow but infiltrative growth, nerve infiltration and overall poor prognosis, with late recurrence and distant metastasis. The treatment of ACC is still limited to surgery and/or (adjuvant) radiotherapy. Till now no promising systemic therapy option exists. However, various studies deliver promising results after treatment with anti-angiogenetic agents, such as anti-EGFR-antibody Cetuximab or Tyrosinkinase inhibitor Lenvatinib. METHODS By using of immunohistological methods we analyzed and compared the macrophage and lymphocyte populations, vascularization, and PD-L1-status in 12 ACC of the salivary glands. RESULTS All cases showed a significant elevation of macrophages with M2 polarization and a higher vascularization in ACC compared to normal salivary gland tissue. The CD4/CD8 quotient was heterogenous. ACC does not show relevant PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The predominant M2 polarization of macrophages in ACC could be responsible for elevated vascularization, as already been proved in other cancer types, that M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Michaelides
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Künzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Bohr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Mamilos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Hallmarks of Cancer Affected by the MIF Cytokine Family. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020395. [PMID: 36672343 PMCID: PMC9856758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
New diagnostic methods and treatments have significantly decreased the mortality rates of cancer patients, but further improvements are warranted based on the identification of novel tumor-promoting molecules that can serve as therapeutic targets. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family of cytokines, comprising MIF and DDT (also known as MIF2), are overexpressed in almost all cancer types, and their high expressions are related to a worse prognosis for the patients. MIF is involved in 9 of the 10 hallmarks of cancer, and its inhibition by antibodies, nanobodies, or small synthetic molecules has shown promising results. Even though DDT is also proposed to be involved in several of the hallmarks of cancer, the available information about its pro-tumoral role and mechanism of action is more limited. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of both MIF and DDT in cancer, and we propose that blocking both cytokines is needed to obtain the maximum anti-tumor response.
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Extracellular Vesicles from Carcinoma-associated Fibroblasts Promote EMT of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Via IL-6. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:27-36. [PMID: 36543625 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in cancer progression. Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) has a high tendency to invade and metastasize. Understanding how CAFs interact with SACC cells is essential for developing new targeted therapies for SACC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication. However, the role of CAFs-derived EVs in SACC invasion remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To show that CAFs EVs are involved in the EMT of SACC and promote tumor invasion. METHODS CAFs-derived EVs were characterized by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Wound healing and transwell assay were performed for assessing biological foundation of CAFs-EVs for tumor cells. RNA interference transfection, western blot, wound healing and transwell assay were applied to study the effect of IL6 from CAFs-EVs on SACC cells and the mechanism. A subcutaneous xenograft model was used to evaluate the EMT of SACC induced by CAFs in vivo. RESULTS In this study, we show that CAFs EVs promote the migration and invasion of SACC cells. The expression of biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was higher in SACC cells treated with CAFs EVs than in the negative controls, and high levels of IL6 were detected in CAFs and their EVs. Knockdown of IL6 in CAFs decreased tissue invasiveness and EMT biomarker expression in SACC cells induced by CAFs EVs. CAFs EV-associated IL6 promoted SACC EMT by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CAFs-derived EVs carry IL6 to improve EMT of SACC by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Xu X, Lu X, Chen L, Peng K, Ji F. Downregulation of MMP1 functions in preventing perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer through blocking the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24719. [PMID: 36181286 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal malignancy that frequently involves perineural invasion (PNI). This study aims to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) in PNI of PC. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion in vitro. The expression of MMP1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was measured by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. In vivo model of PNI was established via inoculating PANC-1 cells into mice. PANC-1 cells and mice were also treated with LM22B-10 (an activator of TrkC) to confirm the mechanisms involving NT-3/TrkC in PNI of PC both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The expression of MMP1 was significantly higher in PDAC tissues than non-cancerous tissues, which was positively associated with PNI. MMP1 knockdown repressed the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Except for E-cadherin, the expression of EMT markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was inhibited by MMP1 silencing. The same effects of MMP1 knockdown on the above factors were also observed in the PNI model. Moreover, MMP1 knockdown elevated the sciatic nerve function and reduced PNI in the model mice. LM22B-10 partially abolished the effects of MMP1 knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of MMP1 prevents PC cells from EMT and Schwann-like cell differentiation via inhibiting the activation of the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway, thus alleviating the PNI of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pain Medicine, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liu Q, Ma Z, Cao Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Liu T, Li J. Perineural invasion-associated biomarkers for tumor development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113691. [PMID: 36095958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is the process of neoplastic invasion of peripheral nerves and is considered to be the fifth mode of cancer metastasis. PNI has been detected in head and neck tumors and pancreatic, prostate, bile duct, gastric, and colorectal cancers. It leads to poor prognostic outcomes and high local recurrence rates. Despite the increasing number of studies on PNI, targeted therapeutic modalities have not been proposed. The identification of PNI-related biomarkers would facilitate the non-invasive and early diagnosis of cancers, the establishment of prognostic panels, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we compile information on the molecular mediators involved in PNI-associated cancers. The expression and prognostic significance of molecular mediators and their receptors in PNI-associated cancers are analyzed, and the possible mechanisms of action of these mediators in PNI are explored, as well as the association of cells in the microenvironment where PNI occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Mukherjee A, Ha P, Wai KC, Naara S. The Role of ECM Remodeling, EMT, and Adhesion Molecules in Cancerous Neural Invasion: Changing Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200039. [PMID: 35798312 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) refers to the cancerous invasion of nerves. It provides an alternative route for metastatic invasion and can exist independently in the absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion. It is a prominent characteristic of specific aggressive malignancies where it correlates with poor prognosis. The clinical significance of PNI is widely recognized despite a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. The interaction between the nerve and the cancer cells is the most pivotal PNI step which is mediated by the activation or inhibition of multiple signaling pathways that include chemokines, interleukins, nerve growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, to name a few. The nerve-cancer cell interaction brings about specific changes in the perineural niche, which not only affects the regular nerve functions, but also enhances the migratory, invasive, and adherent properties of the tumor cells. This review aims to elucidate the vital role of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and epithelial-mesenchymal proteins that promote PNI, which may serve as therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics and Developmental BiologyRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
| | - Patrick Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Katherine C Wai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Shorook Naara
- Department of Genetics and Developmental BiologyRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhou X, Guo J, Zhang F, Qian Y, Wang G, Duan M, Wang Y, Zhao H, Yang Z, Liu Z, Jiang X. TA-MSCs, TA-MSCs-EVs, MIF: their crosstalk in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2022; 20:320. [PMID: 35842634 PMCID: PMC9287873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), it has been established that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote the progression of tumor cells. MSCs can directly promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells via cytokines and chemokines, as well as promote tumor progression by regulating the functions of anti-tumor immune and immunosuppressive cells. MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs) contain part of the plasma membrane and signaling factors from MSCs; therefore, they display similar effects on tumors in the immunosuppressive TME. The tumor-promoting role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the immunosuppressive TME has also been revealed. Interestingly, MIF exerts similar effects to those of MSCs in the immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we summarized the main effects and related mechanisms of tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs), TA-MSCs-EVs, and MIF on tumors, and described their relationships. On this basis, we hypothesized that TA-MSCs-EVs, the MIF axis, and TA-MSCs form a positive feedback loop with tumor cells, influencing the occurrence and development of tumors. The functions of these three factors in the TME may undergo dynamic changes with tumor growth and continuously affect tumor development. This provides a new idea for the targeted treatment of tumors with EVs carrying MIF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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15
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Tassone P, Caruso C, White M, Tavares Dos Santos H, Galloway T, Dooley L, Zitsch R, Lester Layfield J, Baker O. The role of matrixmetalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblasts in perineural invasion by oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:106002. [PMID: 35779484 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mechanisms of perineural invasion (PNI) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma are only partially understood, and no studies have specifically investigated the role of perineural fibroblasts in PNI. Here, we identified fibroblasts within the microenvironment of perineural invasion and assessed their expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor specimens from 12 patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and pathologically-confirmed perineural invasion were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for vimentin (positive control) and MMP-2. Scoring was quantified and compared at nerves involved with PNI and nerves uninvolved with PNI. RESULTS All 12 patients had perineural fibroblasts around involved and uninvolved nerves as marked by vimentin IHC staining. Perineural fibroblasts had detectable MMP-2 expression at areas of perineural invasion in all 12 patients, but no patients had MMP-2 expression by fibroblasts at nerves without PNI. CONCLUSION MMP-2 is expressed by fibroblasts within the microenvironment of perineural invasion, and MMP-2 expression by fibroblasts is a possible mechanism of perineural invasion by oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. MMP-2 may be an anti-cancer target among oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Meghan White
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Tabitha Galloway
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laura Dooley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Robert Zitsch
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - J Lester Layfield
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Olga Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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16
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Yang J, Feng Z, Yuan X, Han Z. A Novel Immune-Associated Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:1063130. [PMID: 35463065 PMCID: PMC9020958 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1063130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore a novel Immune-associated gene signature for overall survival (OS) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Expression profiles of genes and corresponding clinical materials of OSCC patients were obtained through the TCGA database. With a LASSO Cox regression model, a multigene signature was established to predict the OS of OSCC patients. Some molecular experiments including RNA interference, MTT, and Transwell assay were applied to verify the role of the risk gene FGF9 in OSCC. Results 43 immune-related prognostic DEGs were identified in OSCC. A 17-gene signature was established to assign the patients to either a high-risk group (HG) or a low-risk group (LG). The HG presented a shorter OS than the LG (P < 0.05). According to multivariate Cox regression analyses, the risk score was considered an independent factor for OS prediction (training set: HR = 3.485, 95% CI = 2.037-5.961, P < 0.001; test set: HR = 4.531, 95% CI = 2.120-9.682, P < 0.001). ROC curve-based analysis revealed the signature's ability for prediction. According to functional analysis, the immune cell expression and immune function of the HG were significantly inhibited. After knocking down the high-risk gene FGF9, the migration, proliferation, and invasion capabilities of OSCC cells HSC6 were significantly suppressed (P < 0.05). Conclusion A novel immune-associated gene signature was identified for predicting the prognosis of OSCC. These risk genes show great potential as targets for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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17
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Jiang SH, Zhang S, Wang H, Xue JL, Zhang ZG. Emerging experimental models for assessing perineural invasion in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215610. [PMID: 35283209 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer neuroscience has emerged as a burgeoning field for the investigation of cancer-nervous system interactions. Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the presence of cancer cells that surround and/or invade the nerves infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. PNI is closely associated with increased tumor recurrence and diminished survival in many cancer types. Based on diverse in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, mounting evidence suggests that the reciprocal crosstalk between nerves and cancer cells drives PNI, which is mediated by several factors including secreted neurotrophins, chemokines, exosomes, and inflammatory cells. Typical in vitro models using dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells cocultured with cancer cells or other cell types allow the study of isolated factors. Ex vivo PNI models created by cocultivating cancer cells with explanted vagus and sciatic nerves enable the study of neuroaffinity in a time-saving and cost-efficient manner. In vivo models such as genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)-DRG model, provide the nerve microenvironment needed to recapitulate the complex pathophysiological processes of PNI. Here, we summarize the current methods commonly used for modeling PNI and discuss the inherent pros and cons of these approaches for understanding PNI biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, PR China
| | - Jun-Li Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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18
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Taniguchi S, Tanaka Y, Elhance A, Oshimori N. A mechanistic basis for the malignant progression of salivary gland tumors. iScience 2021; 24:103508. [PMID: 34934927 PMCID: PMC8661530 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are diverse neoplasms, likely reflecting differences in the tissue- and cell-of-origin. 80%-90% of tumors arising in the sublingual gland (SLG) are malignant, whereas the other major glands often form benign tumors. Owing to the lack of experimental models to explore the etiology of salivary gland tumors, the cellular and molecular bases of malignancy remain unknown. Here, we generated a murine model of HRASG12V-driven salivary gland tumors amenable to examine tumor onset and malignant progression. We found that HMGA2 marks the tumor onset, and transformed-SOX2+ stem/progenitor cells expand exclusively in SLG tumors. Lineage tracing experiments showed that SLG tumor cells undergo an extensive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGF-β-responding tumor cells are a source of mesenchymal tumor cells invading the surrounding stroma. This study advances our understanding of the mechanistic basis of salivary gland malignancy and may help combat this highly heterogeneous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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19
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Li F, Cheng X, Xiao Y, Chen S, Xiao B, Tao Z. (S,R)3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-5-Isoxazole Acetic Acid Methyl Ester Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through TGF-β/Smad4 Axis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1080-1090. [PMID: 34229595 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), originally reported as an inflammation regulating molecule, is elevated in various cancer cells, which may promote carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, ISO-1 is a potent small molecular inhibitor of MIF, which has not been investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); hence the impact of ISO-1 on NPC cells remains to be illustrated. OBJECTIVE This study intended to explore the biological function of ISO-1 in NPC cells in vitro and prove a possibility of ISO-1 being a novel agent in NPC treatments. METHODS Gene expression of MIF in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Nasal pharyngeal tissues were collected from adult patients undergoing nasopharyngeal biopsy for MIF level detection. Proliferation of NPC cell lines 5-8B and 6-10B was studied using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and plate-colony-formation assay, apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining, migration and invasion capacities were measured by wound-healing assay and transwell assay, all to explore the function of ISO-1 in NPC cells in vitro. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) level of NPC cells was determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Transcript level of MIF was significantly higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Protein MIF was overexpressed in human NPC tissues compared to non-cancerous ones, and its expression could be compromised by ISO-1 in vitro. 100μM ISO-1 significantly hindered NPC cells migration and invasion capacities in vitro but acted relatively poorly on proliferation and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting implied a down-regulated EMT level through TGF-β/Smad4 axis in ISO-1 treated NPC cells compared to the vehicle. CONCLUSION This study indicated that MIF antagonist ISO-1 holds impact on NPC progression by influencing the migration and invasion of NPC cells ISO-1 inhibits the EMT process of NPC cells through TGF-β/Smad4 axis, supporting that prudent application of ISO-1 may be a potential adjuvant treatment for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Li
- Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bokui Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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Liu X, Yang X, Zhan C, Zhang Y, Hou J, Yin X. Perineural Invasion in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1493. [PMID: 33014792 PMCID: PMC7461905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland (SACC) is a rare malignant tumors of the head and neck region, but it is one of the most common malignant tumors that are prone to perineural invasion (PNI) of the head and neck. The prognosis of patients with SACC is strongly associated with the presence of perineural spread (PNS). Although many contributing factors have been reported, the mechanisms underlying the preferential destruction of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) by tumors and the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by nerve fibers in SACC, have received little research attention. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the characteristics of SACC in relation to the PNI, and then highlights the interplay between components of the tumor microenvironment and perineural niche, as well as their contributions to the PNI. Finally, we provide new insights into the possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PNI, with particular emphasis on the role of extracellular vesicles that may serve as an attractive entry point in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoning Zhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Tenascin C in the Tumor-Nerve Microenvironment Enhances Perineural Invasion and Correlates With Locoregional Recurrence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2020; 49:442-454. [PMID: 32132519 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perineural invasion is common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and worsens the postoperative prognosis. Tenascin C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, modulates tumor progression. We evaluated the functional roles of TNC, especially in perineural invasion of PDAC. METHODS We examined immunohistochemical TNC expression in 78 resected PDAC specimens. The relationships between TNC expression and clinicopathological features were retrospectively analyzed. Interactions between cancer cells and nerves with TNC supplementation were investigated using an in vitro coculture model with PDAC cell line and mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG). RESULTS Tenascin C expression was predominant in perineural sites at the invasive tumor front. High perineural TNC expression in 30 patients (38%) was associated with perineural invasion, pathological T stage ≥3, and postoperative locoregional recurrence. High TNC expression was independently associated with postoperative, poor recurrence-free survival by multivariate analysis. In the in vitro coculture model, a TNC-rich matrix enhanced both PDAC cell colony extensions toward nerves and DRG axonal outgrowth toward cancer cell colonies, whereas TNC did not affect axonal outgrowth or cancer cell proliferation in separately cultured DRG and PDAC cells. CONCLUSIONS Strong perineural TNC expression indicated poor prognosis with locoregional recurrence. The neurotropism of TNC-induced PDAC suggests that TNC is a potential PDAC therapeutic target.
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22
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Parikh AS, Puram SV, Faquin WC, Richmon JD, Emerick KS, Deschler DG, Varvares MA, Tirosh I, Bernstein BE, Lin DT. Immunohistochemical quantification of partial-EMT in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors is associated with nodal metastasis. Oral Oncol 2019; 99:104458. [PMID: 31704557 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantify by immunohistochemistry (IHC) a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) population in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and determine its predictive value for lymph node metastasis. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMA) were created using 2 mm cores from 99 OCSCC patients (47 with low volume T2 disease, 52 with high volume T4 disease, and ∼50% in each group with nodal metastasis). IHC staining was performed for three validated p-EMT markers (PDPN, LAMB3, LAMC2) and one marker of well-differentiated epithelial cells (SPRR1B). Staining was quantified in a blinded manner by two reviewers. Tumors were classified as malignant basal subtype based on staining for the four markers. In this subset, the p-EMT score was computed as the average of p-EMT markers. RESULTS 84 tumors were classified as malignant basal. There was 87% inter-rater consistency in marker quantification. There were associations of p-EMT scores with higher grade (2.15 vs. 1.92, p = 0.04), PNI (2.13 vs. 1.83, p = 0.003), and node positivity (2.09 vs. 1.87, p = 0.02), including occult node positivity (56% vs. 19%, p = 0.005). P-EMT was independently associated with nodal metastasis in a multivariate analysis (OR 3.12, p = 0.039). Overall and disease free survival showed trends towards being diminished in the p-EMT high group. CONCLUSIONS IHC quantification of p-EMT in OCSCC primary tumors is reliably associated with nodal metastasis, PNI, and high grade. With prospective validation, p-EMT biomarkers may aid in decision-making over whether to perform a neck dissection in the N0 neck and/or for adjuvant therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag S Parikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Richmon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Deschler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Derrick T Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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