1
|
Cao J, Du L, Zhao X, Liu Z, Yuan J, Luo Y, Zhang S, Qin Z, Guo J. LncRNA sequencing reveals an essential role for the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Immun 2024:10.1038/s41435-024-00295-2. [PMID: 39242755 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is becoming increasingly common and posing a severe threat to men's health, particularly in developing countries. The function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PSCC progression remains mysterious. Therefore, we explored the significance of lncRNAs in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in PSCC tumor progression. The 5 healthy and 6 tumor tissue samples were subjected to lncRNA sequencing. Using miRcode, LncBase, miRTarBase, miRWalk, and TargetScan, we constructed a ceRNA network of differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Our analysis resulted in a ceRNA network consisting of 4 lncRNAs, 18 miRNAs, and 38 mRNAs, whose upstream regulators, the lncRNAs MIR205HG, MIAT, HCP5, and PVT1, were all elevated in PSCC. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that cell proliferation-related genes TFAP2C, MKI67, and TP63, positively regulated by 4 lncRNAs, were considerably overexpressed in tumor tissues. Immune analysis revealed a significant upregulation in macrophage and exhausted T cell infiltration in PSCC. Our study identified a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network for PSCC, revealing possible molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of PSCC progression by key lncRNAs and their connections to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The ceRNA network provides a novel perspective for elucidating the pathogenesis of PSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Junbin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defect Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Nanning, China.
| | - Jie Guo
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Deus A, Gonçalves G, da Silva J, de Jesus LC, Azevedo-Santos APS, Dall Agnol H, Pereira SR. Microbiome reveals inflammatory-related bacteria and putative functional pathways involved in human papillomavirus-associated penile squamous cell carcinoma. Andrology 2024; 12:809-820. [PMID: 37840240 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare disease that is more prevalent in developing countries, such as Brazil, and is linked to poor genital hygiene, which promotes the proliferation of microorganisms. Dysbiosis has an effect on the local immune response, increases the risk of viral infection, and can generate inflammatory processes. Current knowledge of the microbiota found in penile tissues is limited, and the bacterial diversity of the PSCC remains unknown. In this investigation, the microbiota associated with penile cancer and its potential role in tumor development and progression were identified. METHODS The 16S rRNA gene was analyzed by next-generation sequencing in 19 tumors and their respective non-tumor adjacent tissues to perform taxonomic classification, analysis of core microbiome, abundance, and diversity of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) (QIIME2 v.2020.2), and in silico functional prediction (PICRUST2, p < 0.05). RESULTS In both tissues, the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and genera Alcaligenes and Fusobaterium, were the most prevalent. Tumors presented a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteriota, Campilobacteria, and Fusobacterium (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, and p = 0.039, respectively). In addition, the beta diversity analysis revealed a tendency for the formation of two distinct groups when only advanced tumors (pT2 and pT3) were considered. Further, the functional analysis identified the top 35 pathways, and 79.5% of PSCC samples contained pro-inflammatory microorganisms. CONCLUSION We describe the first microbiome of penile carcinoma, which revealed an abundant and diverse microbiota as well as inflammatory-related taxa (the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, the genera Fusobacterium and Prevotella, and the species Finegoldia magma and Pseudomonas geniculata) and molecular pathways (chitin derivates degradation, the protocatechuic acid pathway, inositol metabolism, and the sucrose pathway), which have also been linked to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Moreover, we found specific and abundant ASVs in both tumor and non-tumor tissues. Our data encourage further study to better understand the role of these microorganisms in penile carcinogenesis, offering an opportunity for advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and early therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Deus
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Jenilson da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Hivana Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Silma Regina Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hashemi Gheinani A, Kim J, You S, Adam RM. Bioinformatics in urology - molecular characterization of pathophysiology and response to treatment. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:214-242. [PMID: 37604982 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of bioinformatics has revolutionized the practice of medicine in the past 20 years. From early studies that uncovered subtypes of cancer to broad efforts spearheaded by the Cancer Genome Atlas initiative, the use of bioinformatics strategies to analyse high-dimensional data has provided unprecedented insights into the molecular basis of disease. In addition to the identification of disease subtypes - which enables risk stratification - informatics analysis has facilitated the identification of novel risk factors and drivers of disease, biomarkers of progression and treatment response, as well as possibilities for drug repurposing or repositioning; moreover, bioinformatics has guided research towards precision and personalized medicine. Implementation of specific computational approaches such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and molecular subtyping has yet to become widespread in urology clinical practice for reasons of cost, disruption of clinical workflow and need for prospective validation of informatics approaches in independent patient cohorts. Solving these challenges might accelerate routine integration of bioinformatics into clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biasini L, Zamperin G, Pascoli F, Abbadi M, Buratin A, Marsella A, Panzarin V, Toffan A. Transcriptome Profiling of Oncorhynchus mykiss Infected with Low or Highly Pathogenic Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV). Microorganisms 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 38257883 PMCID: PMC10821180 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the most important produced species in freshwater within the European Union, usually reared in intensive farming systems. This species is highly susceptible to viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a severe systemic disease widespread globally throughout the world. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the etiological agent and, recently, three classes of VHSV virulence (high, moderate, and low) have been proposed based on the mortality rates, which are strictly dependent on the viral strain. The molecular mechanisms that regulate VHSV virulence and the stimulated gene responses in the host during infection are not completely unveiled. While some preliminary transcriptomic studies have been reported in other fish species, to date there are no publications on rainbow trout. Herein, we report the first time-course RNA sequencing analysis on rainbow trout juveniles experimentally infected with high and low VHSV pathogenic Italian strains. Transcriptome analysis was performed on head kidney samples collected at different time points (1, 2, and 5 days post infection). A large set of notable genes were found to be differentially expressed (DEGs) in all the challenged groups (e.s. trim63a, acod1, cox-2, skia, hipk1, cx35.4, ins, mtnr1a, tlr3, tlr7, mda5, lgp2). Moreover, the number of DEGs progressively increased especially during time with a greater amount found in the group infected with the high VHSV virulent strain. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted that functions related to inflammation were modulated in rainbow trout during the first days of VHSV infection, regardless of the pathogenicity of the strain. While some functions showed slight differences in enrichments between the two infected groups, others appeared more exclusively modulated in the group challenged with the highly pathogenic strain.
Collapse
|
5
|
Grass GD, Ercan D, Obermayer AN, Shaw T, Stewart PA, Chahoud J, Dhillon J, Lopez A, Johnstone PAS, Rogatto SR, Spiess PE, Eschrich SA. An Assessment of the Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surfaceome for Biomarker and Therapeutic Target Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3636. [PMID: 37509297 PMCID: PMC10377392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world and the underlying mechanisms of this disease have not been fully investigated. About 30-50% of cases are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may have prognostic value. When PSCC becomes resistant to upfront therapies there are limited options, thus further research is needed in this venue. The extracellular domain-facing protein profile on the cell surface (i.e., the surfaceome) is a key area for biomarker and drug target discovery. This research employs computational methods combined with cell line translatomic (n = 5) and RNA-seq transcriptomic data from patient-derived tumors (n = 18) to characterize the PSCC surfaceome, evaluate the composition dependency on HPV infection, and explore the prognostic impact of identified surfaceome candidates. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate the localization of select surfaceome markers. This analysis characterized a diverse surfaceome within patient tumors with 25% and 18% of the surfaceome represented by the functional classes of receptors and transporters, respectively. Significant differences in protein classes were noted by HPV status, with the most change being seen in transporter proteins (25%). IHC confirmed the robust surface expression of select surfaceome targets in the top 85% of expression and a superfamily immunoglobulin protein called BSG/CD147 was prognostic of survival. This study provides the first description of the PSCC surfaceome and its relation to HPV infection and sets a foundation for novel biomarker and drug target discovery in this rare cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Daniel Grass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dalia Ercan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alyssa N Obermayer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Timothy Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paul A Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alex Lopez
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Peter A S Johnstone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Vejle, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta AK, Kumar M. An integrative approach toward identification and analysis of therapeutic targets involved in HPV pathogenesis with a focus on carcinomas. Cancer Biomark 2023; 36:31-52. [PMID: 36245368 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection of high-risk HPVs is known to cause diverse carcinomas, mainly cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, etc. However, efficient treatment is still lacking. OBJECTIVE Identify and analyze potential therapeutic targets involved in HPV oncogenesis and repurposing drug candidates. METHODS Integrative analyses were performed on the compendium of 1887 HPV infection-associated or integration-driven disrupted genes cataloged from the Open Targets Platform and HPVbase resource. Potential target genes are prioritized using STRING, Cytoscape, cytoHubba, and MCODE. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis are performed. Further, TCGA cancer genomic data of CESC and HNSCC is analyzed. Moreover, regulatory networks are also deduced by employing NetworkAnalyst. RESULTS We have implemented a unique approach for identifying and prioritizing druggable targets and repurposing drug candidates against HPV oncogenesis. Overall, hundred key genes with 44 core targets were prioritized with transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulators pertinent to HPV pathogenesis. Genomic alteration profiling further substantiated our findings. Among identified druggable targets, TP53, NOTCH1, PIK3CA, EP300, CREBBP, EGFR, ERBB2, PTEN, and FN1 are frequently mutated in CESC and HNSCC. Furthermore, PIK3CA, CCND1, RFC4, KAT5, MYC, PTK2, EGFR, and ERBB2 show significant copy number gain, and FN1, CHEK1, CUL1, EZH2, NRAS, and H2AFX was marked for the substantial copy number loss in both carcinomas. Likewise, under-explored relevant regulators, i.e., TFs (HINFP, ARID3A, NFATC2, NKX3-2, EN1) and miRNAs (has-mir-98-5p, has-mir-24-3p, has-mir-192-5p, has-mir-519d-3p) is also identified. CONCLUSIONS We have identified potential therapeutic targets, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators to explicate HPV pathogenesis as well as potential repurposing drug candidates. This study would aid in biomarker and drug discovery against HPV-mediated carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Gupta
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Winkelmann R, Bankov K, Döring C, Cinatl J, Grothe S, Rothweiler F, Michaelis M, Schmitt C, Wild PJ, Demes M, Cinatl J, Vallo S. Increased HRD score in cisplatin resistant penile cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1352. [PMID: 36564761 PMCID: PMC9789628 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION Penile cancer is a rare disease in demand for new therapeutic options. Frequently used combination chemotherapy with 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with metastatic penile cancer mostly results in the development of acquired drug resistance. Availability of cell culture models with acquired resistance against standard therapy could help to understand molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance and to identify candidate treatments for an efficient second line therapy. METHODS We generated a cell line from a humanpapilloma virus (HPV) negative penile squamous cell carcinoma (UKF-PEC-1). This cell line was subject to chronic exposure to chemotherapy with CDDP and / or 5-FU to induce acquired resistance in the newly established chemo-resistant sublines (PEC-1rCDDP2500, adapted to 2500 ng/ml CDDP; UKF-PEC-1r5-FU500, adapted to 500 ng/ml 5- FU; UKF-PEC1rCDDP2500/r5-FU500, adapted to 2500 ng/ml CDDP and 500 ng/ml 5 -FU). Afterwards cell line pellets were formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded and subject to sequencing as well as testing for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Additionally, exemplary immunohistochemical stainings for p53 and gammaH2AX were applied for verification purposes. Finally, UKF-PEC-1rCDDP2500, UKF-PEC-1r5-FU500, UKF-PEC1rCDDP2500/r5-FU500, and UKF-PEC-3 (an alternative penis cancer cell line) were tested for sensitivity to paclitaxel, docetaxel, olaparib, and rucaparib. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The chemo-resistant sublines differed in their mutational landscapes. UKF-PEC-1rCDDP2500 was characterized by an increased HRD score, which is supposed to be associated with increased PARP inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity in cancer. However, UKF-PEC-1rCDDP2500 did not display sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Winkelmann
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Grothe
- Dr. Petra Joh Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Dr. Petra Joh Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- grid.9759.20000 0001 2232 2818School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Christina Schmitt
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.417999.b0000 0000 9260 4223Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie Demes
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Dr. Petra Joh Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Vallo
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,Urologie an der Zeil, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Teixeira Júnior AAL, da Costa Melo SP, Pinho JD, Sobrinho TBM, Rocha TMS, Duarte DRD, de Oliveira Barbosa L, Duarte WE, de Castro Belfort MR, Duarte KG, da Silva Neto AL, de Ribamar Rodrigues Calixto J, Paiva Paiva LC, do Nascimento FSMS, Alencar Junior AM, Khayat AS, da Graça Carvalhal Frazão Corrêa R, Lages JS, Dos Reis RB, Araújo WS, Silva GEB. A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1063. [PMID: 36243680 PMCID: PMC9569053 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although penile cancer (PC) is uncommon in developed countries, it is widespread in developing countries. The state of Maranhão (Northeast, Brazil) has the highest global incidence recorded for PC, and, despite its socioeconomic vulnerability, it has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to determine the histopathological features, the prevalence of HPV infection, and the immunohistochemical profile of PC in Maranhão. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 200 PC cases were evaluated. HPV detection was performed using nested-PCR followed by direct sequencing for genotyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using monoclonal antibodies anti-p16INK4a, p53, and ki-67. RESULTS Our data revealed a delay of 17 months in diagnosis, a high rate of penile amputation (96.5%), and HPV infection (80.5%) in patients from Maranhão (Molecular detection). We demonstrated the high rate of HPV in PC also by histopathological and IHC analysis. Most patients presented koilocytosis (75.5%), which was associated with those reporting more than 10 different sexual partners during their lifetime (p = 0.001). IHC revealed frequent p16INK4a overexpression (26.0%) associated with basaloid (p < 0.001) and high-grade tumors (p = 0.008). Interestingly, p16 appears not to be a better prognostic factor in our disease-free survival analysis, as previously reported. We also demonstrated high ki-67 and p53 expression in a subset of cases, which was related to worse prognostic factors such as high-grade tumors, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. We found a significant impact of high ki-67 (p = 0.002, log-rank) and p53 (p = 0.032, log-rank) expression on decreasing patients' survival, as well as grade, pT, stage, pattern, and depth of invasion (p < 0.05, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS Our data reaffirmed the high incidence of HPV infection in PC cases from Maranhão and offer new insights into potential factors that may contribute to the high PC incidence in the region. We highlighted the possible association of HPV with worse clinical prognosis factors, differently from what was observed in other regions. Furthermore, our IHC analysis reinforces p16, ki-67, and p53 expression as important diagnosis and/or prognosis biomarkers, potentially used in the clinical setting in emerging countries such as Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Augusto Lima Teixeira Júnior
- Department of Genetics and Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Syomara Pereira da Costa Melo
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Bastos Moraes Sobrinho
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Thalita Moura Silva Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Denner Rodrigo Diniz Duarte
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Liseana de Oliveira Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Wesliany Everton Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina de Castro Belfort
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Kelly Gomes Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lima da Silva Neto
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcio Cristiano Paiva Paiva
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Machado Alencar Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.,University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joyce Santos Lages
- University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Borges Dos Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Silva Araújo
- Department of Genetics and Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
do Canto LM, da Silva JM, Castelo-Branco PV, da Silva IM, Nogueira L, Fonseca-Alves CE, Khayat A, Birbrair A, Pereira SR. Mutational Signature and Integrative Genomic Analysis of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Latin American Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143514. [PMID: 35884575 PMCID: PMC9316960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA sequencing has been crucial to comprehending cancer mutational patterns, leading to the identification of driver genes and altered signaling pathways. Thus, identifying new pathogenic variants and their impact on tumor onset, progression, and treatment response has fueled tumor biology research. Here, we present novel findings addressing the first whole-exome sequencing (WES) of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) from Latin Americans and its association with pathogenesis. We also compared the molecular profile of the tumors to that of three previous studies from populations with different genetic and socioeconomic backgrounds, the majority of which was HPV-negative. We describe the most altered genes and the main pathogenic variants found in the Latin Americans, ten of which are exclusive to our study sample. The data allowed us to identify molecular pathways and druggable targets with potential treatment value for this still-neglected HPV-associated carcinoma. Abstract High-throughput DNA sequencing has allowed for the identification of genomic alterations and their impact on tumor development, progression, and therapeutic responses. In PSCC, for which the incidence has progressively increased worldwide, there are still limited data on the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the mutational signature of 30 human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated PSCC cases from Latin Americans, using whole-exome sequencing. Copy number variations (CNVs) were also identified and compared to previous array-generated data. Enrichment analyses were performed to reveal disrupted pathways and to identify alterations mapped to HPV integration sites (HPVis) and miRNA–mRNA hybridization regions. Among the most frequently mutated genes were NOTCH1, TERT, TTN, FAT1, TP53, CDKN2A, RYR2, CASP8, FBXW7, HMCN2, and ITGA8. Of note, 92% of these altered genes were localized at HPVis. We also found mutations in ten novel genes (KMT2C, SMARCA4, PTPRB, AJUBA, CR1, KMT2D, NBEA, FAM135B, GTF2I, and CIC), thus increasing our understanding of the potential HPV-disrupted pathways. Therefore, our study reveals innovative targets with potential therapeutic benefits for HPV-associated PSCCs. The CNV analysis by sequencing (CNV-seq) revealed five cancer-associated genes as the most frequent with gains (NOTCH1, MYC, NUMA1, PLAG1, and RAD21), while 30% of the tumors showed SMARCA4 with loss. Additionally, four cancer-associated genes (CARD11, CSMD3, KDR, and TLX3) carried untranslated regions (UTRs) variants, which may impact gene regulation by affecting the miRNAs hybridization regions. Altogether, these data contribute to the characterization of the mutational spectrum and its impact on cellular signaling pathways in PSCC, thus reinforcing the pivotal role of HPV infection in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Matos do Canto
- Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Jenilson Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (P.V.C.-B.); (I.M.d.S.)
| | - Patrícia Valèria Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (P.V.C.-B.); (I.M.d.S.)
| | - Ingrid Monteiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (P.V.C.-B.); (I.M.d.S.)
| | | | | | - André Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil;
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Silma Regina Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (P.V.C.-B.); (I.M.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-98-32728543
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Silva J, da Costa CC, de Farias Ramos I, Laus AC, Sussuchi L, Reis RM, Khayat AS, Cavalli LR, Pereira SR. Upregulated miRNAs on the TP53 and RB1 Binding Seedless Regions in High-Risk HPV-Associated Penile Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:875939. [PMID: 35812732 PMCID: PMC9263206 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.875939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development by the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can occur through the canonical HPV/p53/RB1 pathway mediated by the E2/E6/E7 viral oncoproteins. During the transformation process, HPV inserts its genetic material into host Integration Sites (IS), affecting coding genes and miRNAs. In penile cancer (PeCa) there is limited data on the miRNAs that regulate mRNA targets associated with HPV, such as the TP53 and RB1 genes. Considering the high frequency of HPV infection in PeCa patients in Northeast Brazil, global miRNA expression profiling was performed in high-risk HPV-associated PeCa that presented with TP53 and RB1 mRNA downregulated expression. The miRNA expression profile of 22 PeCa tissue samples and five non-tumor penile tissues showed 507 differentially expressed miRNAs: 494 downregulated and 13 upregulated (let-7a-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-15b-5p miR-16-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-205-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-31-5p and miR-93-5p), of which 11 were identified to be in HPV16-IS and targeting TP53 and RB1 genes. One hundred and thirty-one and 490 miRNA binding sites were observed for TP53 and RB1, respectively, most of which were in seedless regions. These findings suggest that up-regulation of miRNA expression can directly repress TP53 and RB1 expression by their binding sites in the non-canonical seedless regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenilson da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Carla Cutrim da Costa
- Degree in Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Ingryd de Farias Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Luciane Sussuchi
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Silma Regina Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Silma Regina Pereira,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alencar AM, Sonpavde G. Emerging Therapies in Penile Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910335. [PMID: 35800050 PMCID: PMC9253417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of rare tumors like penile cancer were always hampered by the lack of deep comprehension of the molecular biology and genomic and epigenomic alterations involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, as well as by the difficulty in recruitment of patients for prospective clinical trials. Despite the high rates of cure in early localized penile cancers with surgery or other local procedures, locally advanced and metastatic tumors require systemic treatment, with chemotherapy being the current standard, but with high toxicity and no proven real impact on survival. Recent important findings of frequent genomic alterations and mutation signatures in penile cancer have motivated several trials in new modalities of systemic treatments, especially immunotherapy. This review aims to present the most recent advances and the prospect of new modalities of systemic therapies with ongoing studies in penile cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Machado Alencar
- Grupo de Estudos em Patologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital São Domingos/Dasa, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pinho JD, Silva GEB, Teixeira-Júnior AAL, Rocha TMS, Batista LL, de Sousa AM, Calixto JDRR, Burbano RR, de Souza CRT, Khayat AS. Non-Coding RNA in Penile Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812008. [PMID: 35651809 PMCID: PMC9150447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer (PC) still presents a health threat for developing countries, in particular Brazil. Despite this, little progress has been made on the study of markers, including molecular ones, that can aid in the correct management of the patient, especially concerning lymphadenectomy. As in other neoplasms, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been investigated for penile cancer, with emphasis on microRNAs, piRNAs (PIWI-interacting small RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). In this context, this review aims to assemble the available knowledge on non-coding RNA linked in PC, contributing to our understanding of the penile carcinogenesis process and addressing their clinical relevance. ncRNAs are part of the novel generation of biomarkers, with high potential for diagnosis and prognosis, orientating the type of treatment. Furthermore, its versatility regarding the use of paraffin samples makes it possible to carry out retrospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Diniz Pinho
- Zé Doca Center for Higher Studies, State University of Maranhão, Zé Doca, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jaqueline Diniz Pinho,
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Lima Teixeira-Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita Moura Silva Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lecildo Lira Batista
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Coordination of Medicine, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Amanda Marques de Sousa
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pathogenesis of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Update and Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010251. [PMID: 35008677 PMCID: PMC8745288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm with dual pathogenesis (human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent). The development of targeted treatment is hindered by poor knowledge of the molecular landscape of PSCC. We performed a thorough review of genetic alterations of PSCC focused on somatic mutations and/or copy number alterations. A total of seven articles have been identified which, overall, include 268 PSCC. However, the series are heterogeneous regarding methodologies employed for DNA sequencing and HPV detection together with HPV prevalence, and include, in general, a limited number of cases, which results in markedly different findings. Reported top-ranked mutations involve TP53, CDKN2A, FAT1, NOTCH-1 and PIK3CA. Numerical alterations involve gains in MYC and EGFR, as well as amplifications in HPV integration loci. A few genes including TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA and CCND1 harbor both somatic mutations and copy number alterations. Notch, RTK-RAS and Hippo pathways are frequently deregulated. Nevertheless, the relevance of the identified alterations, their role in signaling pathways or their association with HPV status remain elusive. Combined targeting of different pathways might represent a valid therapeutic approach in PSCC. This work calls for large-scale sequencing studies with robust HPV testing to improve the genomic understanding of PSCC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Genome-Wide Profiling Reveals HPV Integration Pattern and Activated Carcinogenic Pathways in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236104. [PMID: 34885212 PMCID: PMC8657281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) has been regarded as an HPV-related cancer for a long time. However, the integration pattern and carcinogenic pathways of HPV in PSCC remain unclear. The results of this study provide insights into the HPV-related carcinogenic mechanism in PSCC, which may be less prone to involvement in the traditional E6/E7 carcinogenic process, and are characterized by effects on the host genome, which result in the inactivation of tumor suppressors (CADM2, etc.) and the activation of oncogenes (KLF5, etc.), thus activating oncogenic signaling pathways (MAPK, JAK/STAT, etc.). This study could enhance our understanding of HPV integration and pave the way for subsequent HPV studies in PSCC. Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant etiologic driver of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). The integration pattern of HPV and its carcinogenic mechanism in PSCC remain largely unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 108 PSCC cases who received surgery between 2008 and 2017. Using high-throughput viral integration detection, we identified 35 HPV-integrated PSCCs. Unlike cervical cancer, the HPV E2 oncogene was not prone to involvement in integration. Eleven of the 35 (31.4%) HPV-integrated PSCCs harbored intact HPV E2; these tumors had lower HPV E6 and E7 expression and higher expression of p53 and pRb proteins than those with disrupted E2 did (p < 0.001 and p = 0.024). Integration breakpoints are preferentially distributed in or near host genes, including previously reported hotspots (KLF5, etc.) and newly identified hotspots (CADM2, etc.), which are mainly involved in oncogenic signaling pathways (MAPK, JAK/STAT, etc.). Regarding the phosphorylation levels of JNK, p38 was higher in HPV-positive tumors with MAPK-associated integration than those in HPV-positive tumors with other integration and those in HPV-negative tumors. In vitro, KLF5 knockdown inhibited proliferation and invasion of PSCC cells, while silencing CADM2 promoted migration and invasion. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of HPV-induced carcinogenesis in PSCC, which may not only rely on the E6/E7 oncogenes, but mat also affect the expression of critical genes and thus activate oncogenic pathways.
Collapse
|
15
|
Thomas A, do Canto Alvim LM, Rainho CA, Juengel E, Blaheta RA, Spiess PE, Rogatto SR, Tsaur I. Systemic treatment of penile squamous cell carcinoma-hurdles and hopes of preclinical models and clinical regimens: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:4085-4098. [PMID: 34804850 PMCID: PMC8575571 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite contemporary research efforts, the prognosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC) has not significantly improved over the past decade. Despite frequently encountered patient-related delayed medical consultations impairing outcomes, several other aspects contribute to the lack of advancement in the treatment of this condition. One essential reason is that translational research, a prerequisite for the clinically successful disease management, is still at an early stage in PeSCC as compared to many other malignancies. Preclinical experimental models are indispensable for the evaluation of tumor biology and identification of genomic alterations. However, since neither commercial PeSCC cell lines are available nor xenograft models sustainably established, such analyses are challenging in this field of research. In addition, systemic therapies are less effective and toxic without decisive breakthroughs over recent years. Current systemic management of PeSCC is based on protocols that have been investigated in small series of only up to 30 patients. Thus, there is an unmet medical need for new approaches necessitating research efforts to develop more efficacious systemic strategies. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge in the molecular alterations involved in the etiology and ensuing steps for cancer progression, existing preclinical models of translational research, clinically relevant systemic protocols, and ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luisa Matos do Canto Alvim
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claudia Aparecida Rainho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Harris RA, Stevens JM, Pickering DL, Althof PA, Smith LM, Sanmann JN, Dave BJ. Frequency, variations, and prognostic implications of chromosome 14q32 deletions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2021; 110:106665. [PMID: 34293710 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical implications of deletions within chromosome 14q32 in CLL pathogenesis remain unclear. We examined the frequency of 14q32 deletions among CLL cases by karyotype and FISH, categorized the variation using genomic microarray, and assessed the prognostic impact by time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) analysis. A 14q32 abnormality was detected in 35 % (245/698) of cases, with the majority containing a 5' partial telomeric 14q32 deletion. These deletions within the IGH variable region (35/40) ranged from 236 kb to 1.4 Mb involving FAM30A, ADAM6, LINC00226, and LINC00221. The 214 kb minimum deleted region implicated in CLL pathogenesis encompassed LINC00221. Cases with a 14q32 deletion had a shorter median TTFT compared to cases with a sole deletion/nullisomy 13q, a good prognostic indicator, and longer than cases with a sole deletion of 11q or 17p, conferring an unfavorable prognosis. This investigation underscores the importance of comprehensive testing to apprehend the implications of 14q32 deletions in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Harris
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jadd M Stevens
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Diane L Pickering
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Pamela A Althof
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jennifer N Sanmann
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bhavana J Dave
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva JD, Nogueira L, Coelho R, Deus A, Khayat A, Marchi R, Oliveira ED, Santos APD, Cavalli L, Pereira S. HPV-associated penile cancer: Impact of copy number alterations in miRNA/mRNA interactions and potential druggable targets. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:147-160. [PMID: 34151841 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased worldwide, mostly in HPV+ patients. Nevertheless, there is still no targeted treatment for this carcinoma. OBJECTIVE To predict the main signaling pathways involved in penile tumorigenesis and its potential drug targets. METHODS Genome-wide copy number profiling was performed in 28 PeCa. Integration analysis of CNAs and miRNAs and mRNA targets was performed by DIANA-TarBase v.8. The potential impact of the miRNAs/target genes on biological pathways was assessed by DIANA-miRPath v.3.0. For each miRNA, KEGG pathways were generated based on the tarbase and microT-CDS algorithms. Pharmaco-miR was used to identify associations between miRNAs and their target genes to predict druggable targets. RESULTS 269 miRNAs and 2,395 genes were mapped in cytobands with CNAs. The comparison of the miRNAs mapped at these cytobands and the miRNAs that were predicted to regulate the genes also mapped in these regions, resulted in a set of common 35 miRNAs and 292 genes. Enrichment pathway revealed their involvement in five top signaling pathways. EGFR and COX2 were identified as potential druggable targets. CONCLUSION Our data indicate the potential use of EGFR and COX2 inhibitors as a target treatment for PeCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenilson da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Leudivan Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.,Aldenora Bello Cancer Hospital, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ronald Coelho
- Aldenora Bello Cancer Hospital, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Deus
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.,Aldenora Bello Cancer Hospital, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - André Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Marchi
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo de Oliveira
- Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Evandro Chagas, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luciane Cavalli
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Silma Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pinho JD, Barros Silva GE, Teixeira Júnior AAL, Belfort MRDC, Mendes JMM, Calixto JDRR, Nogueira LR, Burbano RR, Khayat AS. Downregulation of miR-145 is associated with perineural invasion in penile carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2019-2026. [PMID: 34159082 PMCID: PMC8185688 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for penile cancer (PC). The miR-145 expression has been correlated to this virus genomic amplification. In this context, this work aims to determine the expression level of miR-145 in penile tumors infected by high-risk HPV and correlate it with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor and protein expression of p53. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded from 52 patients with PC, at diagnosis and prior to any cancer treatment, were obtained. HPV identification was performed by nested type PCR, and miR-145 expression was obtained by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and Ki-67 was performed. Results Tumoral miR-145 expression was significantly lower compared to adjacent tissue. Additionally, there was a significant reduction of miR-145 expression in invasion perineural, histological associated HPV, and absence of p53 expression in positive HPV cases. HPV infection was detected in 86.5%, the most frequent HPV16. Reduced disease-free survival was observed in patients with low expression of miR-145. Conclusions Our data suggest that the underexpression of miR-145 may be triggered by HPV action, decreasing protein expression of p53, and being correlated with perineural invasion. Therefore, the deregulation of miR-145 provides clues as to the potential role in penile carcinogenesis and is also a potential candidate for validation in noninvasive samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Diniz Pinho
- University State of Maranhão, Zé Doca, MA, Brazil.,Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Lima Teixeira Júnior
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Departamento of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina de Castro Belfort
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Macedo Mendes
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Belém, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu M, Wu S, Cheng G, Xu C, Chen Z. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of iNOS/NOS2 in gastric and colorectal cancer. Pteridines 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present work was to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS/ NOS2) in colorectal and gastric cancers and evaluate its association with patient’s prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis.
Methods The data for present study was obtained from the TCGA, GTEx, and STRING database. iNOS/NOS2 mRNA expression in normal tissue and colorectal, and gastric cancer tissuea were investigated through the GTEx and TCGA database. iNOS/NOS2 gene mutations and frequency were analyzed in the TCGA database using the cBioPortal online data analysis tool. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of iNOS/NOS2 was constructed by STRING database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of iNOS/NOS2 and relevant proteins involved in the PPI network were enriched and demonstrated by the bubble plot. Comparison of the overall survival(OS) and disease free survival(DFS) between samples expressing high and low levels of iNOS/NOS2 was analysis based on the TCGA databases through the GEPIA online data analysis tool.
Results For colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma(READ) iNOS/NOS2 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue were significant higher than those of corresponding normal colorectal tissue (p<0.05). iNOS/NOS2 mutations were identified in both colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Missense substitutions and synonymous substitution were the top two mutation types for colorectal and gastric cancer. The top positive and negative co-expressed genes correlated with iNOS/ NOS2 were TRIM40 (rpearson=0.56, p<0.05) and GDPD5 (rpearson=-0.41, p<0.05) in colorectal cancer respectively andCASP5 (rpearson=0.63,p<0.05) and PIAS3 (rpearson=-0.43,p<0.05) in gastric cancer. Twenty one proteins were included in the PPI network with 51 nodes and 345 edges which indicated the PPI enrichment wassignificant (p=1.0e-16). The KEGG of the included genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. There was a significant difference indisease free survival (DFS) between samples expressing high and low iNOS/NOS2 (HR=0.37, p=0.044) in rectal cancer. The difference was not statistical between iNOS/NOS2 high and low expressing groups for overall survival(OS) or DFS in the colon cancer or gastric cancer(p>0.05).
Conclusions iNOS/NOS2 mRNA isup-regulated in tumor tissue compared to corresponding normal tissue in colorectal and gastric cancer which implement it in the development of colorectal and gastric cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbei Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery , Lishui People’s Hospital , Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Suping Wu
- Department of ICU , Lishui People’s Hospital , Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Guoxiong Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Lishui People’s Hospital , Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Chaobo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Lishui People’s Hospital , Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Lishui People’s Hospital , Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province , China
| |
Collapse
|