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Wydrych A, Pakuła B, Janikiewicz J, Dobosz AM, Jakubek-Olszewska P, Skowrońska M, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I, Cwyl M, Popielarz M, Pinton P, Zavan B, Dobrzyń A, Lebiedzińska-Arciszewska M, Więckowski MR. Metabolic impairments in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1866:149517. [PMID: 39366438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a broad, heterogeneous group of rare inherited diseases (1-3 patients/1,000,000 people) characterized by progressive symptoms associated with excessive abnormal iron deposition in the brain. Approximately 15,000-20,000 individuals worldwide are estimated to be affected by NBIA. NBIA is usually associated with slowly progressive pyramidal and extrapyramidal symptoms, axonal motor neuropathy, optic nerve atrophy, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, eleven subtypes of NBIA have been described and the most common ones include pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) and beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). We present a comprehensive overview of the evidence for disturbed cellular homeostasis and metabolic alterations in NBIA variants, with a careful focus on mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid metabolism which drives a new perspective in understanding the course of this infrequent malady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wydrych
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pakuła
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw
| | - Aneta M Dobosz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw
| | - Patrycja Jakubek-Olszewska
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Skowrońska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Cwyl
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; NBIA Poland Association, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw
| | | | - Mariusz R Więckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Cong Y, So V, Tijssen MAJ, Verbeek DS, Reggiori F, Mauthe M. WDR45, one gene associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Autophagy 2021; 17:3908-3923. [PMID: 33843443 PMCID: PMC8726670 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1899669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The WDR45 gene is localized on the X-chromosome and variants in this gene are linked to six different neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., ß-propeller protein associated neurodegeneration, Rett-like syndrome, intellectual disability, and epileptic encephalopathies including developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and West syndrome and potentially also specific malignancies. WDR45/WIPI4 is a WD-repeat β-propeller protein that belongs to the WIPI (WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting) family. The precise cellular function of WDR45 is still largely unknown, but deletions or conventional variants in WDR45 can lead to macroautophagy/autophagy defects, malfunctioning mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unbalanced iron homeostasis, suggesting that this protein functions in one or more pathways regulating directly or indirectly those processes. As a result, the underlying cause of the WDR45-associated disorders remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the cellular and physiological functions of WDR45 and highlight how genetic variants in its encoding gene may contribute to the pathophysiology of the associated diseases. In particular, we connect clinical manifestations of the disorders with their potential cellular origin of malfunctioning and critically discuss whether it is possible that one of the most prominent shared features, i.e., brain iron accumulation, is the primary cause for those disorders. Abbreviations: ATG/Atg: autophagy related; BPAN: ß-propeller protein associated neurodegeneration; CNS: central nervous system; DEE: developmental and epileptic encephalopathy; EEG: electroencephalograph; ENO2/neuron-specific enolase, enolase 2; EOEE: early-onset epileptic encephalopathy; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ID: intellectual disability; IDR: intrinsically disordered region; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NBIA: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RLS: Rett-like syndrome; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent So
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dineke S Verbeek
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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