1
|
Del Campo-Montoya R, Luquin MR, Puerta E, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto M. Hydrogels for Brain Repair: Application to Parkinson's Disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1521-1537. [PMID: 36240170 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2136161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there are no curative therapies, with only symptomatic treatment available. One of the principal reasons for the lack of treatments is the problem of delivering drugs to the brain, mainly due to the blood-brain barrier. Hydrogels are presented as ideal platforms for delivering treatments to the brain ranging from small molecules to cell replacement therapies. AREAS COVERED The potential application of hydrogel-based therapies for Parkinson's disease is addressed. The desirable composition and mechanical properties of these therapies for brain application are discussed, alongside the preclinical research available with hydrogels in Parkinson's disease. Lastly, translational and manufacturing challenges are presented. EXPERT OPINION Parkinson's disease urgently needs novel therapies to delay its progression and for advanced stages, at which conventional therapies fail to control motor symptoms. Neurotrophic factor-loaded hydrogels with stem cells offer one of the most promising therapies. This approach may increase the striatal dopamine content while protecting and promoting the differentiation of stem cells although the generation of synapses between engrafted and host cells remains an issue to overcome. Other challenges to consider are related to the route of administration of hydrogels and their large-scale production, required to accelerate their translation toward the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E Garbayo
- University of navarra, pamplona, 31008 spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefani A, Pierantozzi M, Cardarelli S, Stefani L, Cerroni R, Conti M, Garasto E, Mercuri NB, Marini C, Sucapane P. Neurotrophins as Therapeutic Agents for Parkinson’s Disease; New Chances From Focused Ultrasound? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846681. [PMID: 35401084 PMCID: PMC8990810 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance–guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) represents an effective micro-lesioning approach to target pharmaco-resistant tremor, mostly in patients afflicted by essential tremor (ET) and/or Parkinson’s disease (PD). So far, experimental protocols are verifying the clinical extension to other facets of the movement disorder galaxy (i.e., internal pallidus for disabling dyskinesias). Aside from those neurosurgical options, one of the most intriguing opportunities of this technique relies on its capability to remedy the impermeability of blood–brain barrier (BBB). Temporary BBB opening through low-intensity focused ultrasound turned out to be safe and feasible in patients with PD, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As a mere consequence of the procedures, some groups described even reversible but significant mild cognitive amelioration, up to hippocampal neurogenesis partially associated to the increased of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A further development elevates MRgFUS to the status of therapeutic tool for drug delivery of putative neurorestorative therapies. Since 2012, FUS-assisted intravenous administration of BDNF or neurturin allowed hippocampal or striatal delivery. Experimental studies emphasized synergistic modalities. In a rodent model for Huntington’s disease, engineered liposomes can carry glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plasmid DNA (GDNFp) to form a GDNFp-liposome (GDNFp-LPs) complex through pulsed FUS exposures with microbubbles; in a subacute MPTP-PD model, the combination of intravenous administration of neurotrophic factors (either through protein or gene delivery) plus FUS did curb nigrostriatal degeneration. Here, we explore these arguments, focusing on the current, translational application of neurotrophins in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Stefani,
| | | | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Stefani
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Department of System Medicine, UOC Neurology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Garasto
- Department of System Medicine, UOC Neurology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of System Medicine, UOC Neurology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Marini
- UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Application of neurotoxin- and pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease in the evaluation of new drug delivery systems. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:35-58. [PMID: 36651528 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neuro-degenerative disease after Alzheimer´s disease. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, due to the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and a decrease in the dopa-mine contents of the caudate-putamen structures. To this date, there is no cure for the disease and available treatments are aimed at controlling the symptoms. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new treatments for PD. In the past decades, animal models of PD have been proven to be valuable tools in elucidating the nature of the pathogenic processes involved in the disease, and in designing new pharmacological approaches. Here, we review the use of neurotoxin-induced and pesticide-induced animal models of PD, specifically those induced by rotenone, paraquat, maneb, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine), and their application in the development of new drug delivery systems for PD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mechanistic Insight from Preclinical Models of Parkinson's Disease Could Help Redirect Clinical Trial Efforts in GDNF Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111702. [PMID: 34769132 PMCID: PMC8583859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by four pathognomonic hallmarks: (1) motor and non-motor deficits; (2) neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; (3) pathological aggregates of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein; (4) neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system. Recent evidence sustains that the aggregation of pathological α-syn occurs in the early stages of the disease, becoming the first trigger of neuroinflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Thus, a therapeutic line aims at striking back α-synucleinopathy and neuroinflammation to impede neurodegeneration. Another therapeutic line is restoring the compromised dopaminergic system using neurotrophic factors, particularly the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Preclinical studies with GDNF have provided encouraging results but often lack evaluation of anti-α-syn and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, clinical trials have yielded imprecise results and have reported the emergence of severe side effects. Here, we analyze the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical outcomes, review the mechanisms of the aggregation of pathological α-syn, including neuroinflammation, and evaluate the neurorestorative properties of GDNF, emphasizing its anti-α-syn and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bondarenko O, Saarma M. Neurotrophic Factors in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Trials, Open Challenges and Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery to the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:682597. [PMID: 34149364 PMCID: PMC8206542 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.682597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are small secreted proteins that support the development, maturation and survival of neurons. NTFs injected into the brain rescue and regenerate certain neuronal populations lost in neurodegenerative diseases, demonstrating the potential of NTFs to cure the diseases rather than simply alleviating the symptoms. NTFs (as the vast majority of molecules) do not pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and therefore, are delivered directly into the brain of patients using costly and risky intracranial surgery. The delivery efficacy and poor diffusion of some NTFs inside the brain are considered the major problems behind their modest effects in clinical trials. Thus, there is a great need for NTFs to be delivered systemically thereby avoiding intracranial surgery. Nanoparticles (NPs), particles with the size dimensions of 1-100 nm, can be used to stabilize NTFs and facilitate their transport through the BBB. Several studies have shown that NTFs can be loaded into or attached onto NPs, administered systemically and transported to the brain. To improve the NP-mediated NTF delivery through the BBB, the surface of NPs can be functionalized with specific ligands such as transferrin, insulin, lactoferrin, apolipoproteins, antibodies or short peptides that will be recognized and internalized by the respective receptors on brain endothelial cells. In this review, we elaborate on the most suitable NTF delivery methods and envision "ideal" NTF for Parkinson's disease (PD) and clinical trial thereof. We shortly summarize clinical trials of four NTFs, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NRTN), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), that were tested in PD patients, focusing mainly on GDNF and CDNF. We summarize current possibilities of NP-mediated delivery of NTFs to the brain and discuss whether NPs have impact in improving the properties of NTFs and delivery across the BBB. Emerging delivery approaches and future directions of NTF-based nanomedicine are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Bondarenko
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Torres-Ortega PV, Smerdou C, Ansorena E, Ballesteros-Briones MC, Martisova E, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Optimization of a GDNF production method based on Semliki Forest virus vector. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105726. [PMID: 33482318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) is the most potent dopaminergic factor described so far, and it is therefore considered a promising drug for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. However, the production of therapeutic proteins with a high degree of purity and a specific glycosylation pattern is a major challenge that hinders its commercialization. Although a variety of systems can be used for protein production, only a small number of them are suitable to produce clinical-grade proteins. Specifically, the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) has shown to be an effective system for the expression of high levels of hGDNF, with appropriate post-translational modifications and protein folding. This system, which is based on the electroporation of BHK-21 cells using a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) as expression vector, induces a strong shut-off of host cell protein synthesis that simplify the purification process. However, SFV vector exhibits a temperature-dependent cytopathic effect on host cells, which could limit hGDNF expression. The aim of this study was to improve the expression and purification of hGDNF using a biphasic temperature cultivation protocol that would decrease the cytopathic effect induced by SFV. Here we show that an increase in the temperature from 33°C to 37°C during the "shut-off period", produced a significant improvement in cell survival and hGDNF expression. In consonance, this protocol led to the production of almost 3-fold more hGDNF when compared to the previously described methods. Therefore, a "recovery period" at 37°C before cells are exposed at 33°C is crucial to maintain cell viability and increase hGDNF expression. The protocol described constitutes an efficient and highly scalable method to produce highly pure hGDNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vicente Torres-Ortega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ansorena
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Cristina Ballesteros-Briones
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Martisova
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/ Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krishnan UM. Biomaterials in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105003. [PMID: 33657427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the treatment of which is mainly centred around supplementation of dopamine. Additional targets have been identified and newer chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced but their clinical efficacy is limited due to solubility, bioavailability issues and inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A wide range of biomaterials ranging from biomolecules, polymers, inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been employed to assist the delivery of these therapeutic agents into the brain. Additionally, strategies to deliver cells to restore the dopaminergic neurons also have shown promise due to the integration of biocompatible materials that aid neurogenesis through a combination of topographical, chemical and mechanical cues. Neuroprosthetics is an area that may become significant in treatment of motor deficits associated with Parkinson's disease, and involves development of highly conductive and robust electrode materials with excellent cytocompatibility. This review summarizes the major role played by biomaterials in design of novel strategies and in the improvement of existing therapeutic methods as well as the emerging trends in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Arts, Science & Humanities, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jarrin S, Hakami A, Newland B, Dowd E. Growth Factor Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: Alternative Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:S229-S236. [PMID: 33896851 PMCID: PMC8543245 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and billions in global investment, there remains no preventative or curative treatment for any neurodegenerative condition, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Arguably, the most promising approach for neuroprotection and neurorestoration in PD is using growth factors which can promote the growth and survival of degenerating neurons. However, although neurotrophin therapy may seem like the ideal approach for neurodegenerative disease, the use of growth factors as drugs presents major challenges because of their protein structure which creates serious hurdles related to accessing the brain and specific targeting of affected brain regions. To address these challenges, several different delivery systems have been developed, and two major approaches-direct infusion of the growth factor protein into the target brain region and in vivo gene therapy-have progressed to clinical trials in patients with PD. In addition to these clinically evaluated approaches, a range of other delivery methods are in various degrees of development, each with their own unique potential. This review will give a short overview of some of these alternative delivery systems, with a focus on ex vivo gene therapy and biomaterial-aided protein and gene delivery, and will provide some perspectives on their potential for clinical development and translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jarrin
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abrar Hakami
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eilís Dowd
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garbayo E, Pascual‐Gil S, Rodríguez‐Nogales C, Saludas L, Estella‐Hermoso de Mendoza A, Blanco‐Prieto MJ. Nanomedicine and drug delivery systems in cancer and regenerative medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1637. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona Spain
| | - Simon Pascual‐Gil
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Carlos Rodríguez‐Nogales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Laura Saludas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | | | - Maria J. Blanco‐Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Torres-Ortega PV, Saludas L, Hanafy AS, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Micro- and nanotechnology approaches to improve Parkinson's disease therapy. J Control Release 2018; 295:201-213. [PMID: 30579984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for Parkinson's disease are symptomatic and unable to regenerate the brain tissue. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of a wide variety of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative molecules such as neurotrophic factors, antioxidants and RNA-based therapeutics has been explored. However, drug delivery to the brain is still a challenge and the therapeutic efficacy of many drugs is limited. In the last decade, micro- and nanoparticles have proved to be powerful tools for the administration of these molecules to the brain, enabling the development of new strategies against Parkinson's disease. The list of encapsulated drugs and the nature of the particles used is long, and numerous studies have been carried out supporting their efficacy in treating this pathology. This review aims to give an overview of the latest advances and emerging frontiers in micro- and nanomedical approaches for repairing dopaminergic neurons. Special emphasis will be placed on offering a new perspective to link these advances with the most relevant clinical trials and with the real possibility of transferring micro- and nanoformulations to industrial scale-up processes. This review is intended as a contribution towards facing the challenges that still exist in the clinical translation of micro- and nanotechnologies to administer therapeutic agents in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vicente Torres-Ortega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Saludas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amira Sayed Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María José Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Del Rey NLG, Quiroga-Varela A, Garbayo E, Carballo-Carbajal I, Fernández-Santiago R, Monje MHG, Trigo-Damas I, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Blesa J. Advances in Parkinson's Disease: 200 Years Later. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:113. [PMID: 30618654 PMCID: PMC6306622 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When James Parkinson described the classical symptoms of the disease he could hardly foresee the evolution of our understanding over the next two hundred years. Nowadays, Parkinson’s disease is considered a complex multifactorial disease in which genetic factors, either causative or susceptibility variants, unknown environmental cues, and the potential interaction of both could ultimately trigger the pathology. Noteworthy advances have been made in different fields from the clinical phenotype to the decoding of some potential neuropathological features, among which are the fields of genetics, drug discovery or biomaterials for drug delivery, which, though recent in origin, have evolved swiftly to become the basis of research into the disease today. In this review, we highlight some of the key advances in the field over the past two centuries and discuss the current challenges focusing on exciting new research developments likely to come in the next few years. Also, the importance of pre-motor symptoms and early diagnosis in the search for more effective therapeutic options is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-González Del Rey
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Quiroga-Varela
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iria Carballo-Carbajal
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana H G Monje
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martínez-Ballesta MC, Gil-Izquierdo Á, García-Viguera C, Domínguez-Perles R. Nanoparticles and Controlled Delivery for Bioactive Compounds: Outlining Challenges for New "Smart-Foods" for Health. Foods 2018; 7:E72. [PMID: 29735897 PMCID: PMC5977092 DOI: 10.3390/foods7050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a field of research that has been stressed as a very valuable approach for the prevention and treatment of different human health disorders. This has been stressed as a delivery system for the therapeutic fight against an array of pathophysiological situations. Actually, industry has applied this technology in the search for new oral delivery alternatives obtained upon the modification of the solubility properties of bioactive compounds. Significant works have been made in the last years for testing the input that nanomaterials and nanoparticles provide for an array of pathophysiological situations. In this frame, this review addresses general questions concerning the extent to which nanoparticles offer alternatives that improve therapeutic value, while avoid toxicity, by releasing bioactive compounds specifically to target tissues affected by specific chemical and pathophysiological settings. In this regard, to date, the contribution of nanoparticles to protect encapsulated bioactive compounds from degradation as a result of gastrointestinal digestion and cellular metabolism, to enable their release in a controlled manner, enhancing biodistribution of bioactive compounds, and to allow them to target those tissues affected by biological disturbances has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MCarment Martínez-Ballesta
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lafuente JV, Requejo C, Carrasco A, Bengoetxea H. Nanoformulation: A Useful Therapeutic Strategy for Improving Neuroprotection and the Neurorestorative Potential in Experimental Models of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 137:99-122. [PMID: 29132545 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder, but current therapies are only symptomatic. Experimental models are necessary to go deeper in the comprehension of pathophysiological mechanism and to assess new therapeutic strategies. The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion either in medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or into the striatum in rats affords to study various stages of PD depending on the evolution time lapsed. A promising alternative to address the neurodegenerative process is the use of neurotrophic factors; but its clinical use has been limited due to its short half-life and rapid degradation after in vivo administration, along with difficulties for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining revealed a significant decrease of the TH-immunopositive striatal volume in 6-OHDA group from rostral to caudal one. The loss of TH-ir neurons and axodendritic network (ADN) was higher in caudal sections showing a selective vulnerability of the topological distributed dopaminergic system. In addition to a remarkable depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system, the administration of 6-OHDA into MFB induces some other neuropathological changes such as an increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells in substantia nigra (SN) as well as in striatum. Intrastriatal implantation of micro- or nanosystems delivering neurotrophic factor in parkinsonized rats for bypassing BBB leads to a significative functional and morphological recovery. Neurorestorative morphological changes (preservation of the TH-ir cells and ADN) along the rostrocaudal axis of caudoputamen complex and SN have been probed supporting a selective recovering after the treatment as well. Others innovative therapeutic strategies, such as the intranasal delivery, have been recently assessed in order to search the NTF effects. In addition some others methodological key points are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Lafuente
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
| | - Catalina Requejo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Alejandro Carrasco
- Group Nanoneurosurgery, Institute of Health Research Biocruces, Barakaldo, Spain; Service Neurosurgery, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Intranasal Administration of TAT-Conjugated Lipid Nanocarriers Loading GDNF for Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:145-155. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Nogales C, Garbayo E, Martínez-Valbuena I, Sebastián V, Luquin MR, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Development and characterization of polo-like kinase 2 loaded nanoparticles-A novel strategy for (serine-129) phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein. Int J Pharm 2017; 514:142-149. [PMID: 27863657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polo like kinase 2 (PLK2), a serine/threonine serum inducible kinase, has been proposed to be the major factor responsible for phosphorylating alpha-synuclein (α-syn) at Serine-129 (Ser-129) in Parkinson's disease (PD). A suitable strategy to gain insights into PLK2's biological effects might be to increase PLK2 intracellular levels with the aim of reproducing the slow progressive neuronal changes that occur in PD. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a novel drug delivery system (DDS) for PLK2 cytosolic delivery using Total recirculating one machine system (TROMS), a technique capable of encapsulating fragile molecules while maintaining their native properties. A protocol for nanoparticle (NP) preparation using TROMS was set up. NPs showed a mean diameter of 257±15.61nm and zeta potential of -16±2mV, suitable for cell internalization. TEM and SEM images showed individual, spherical, dispersed NPs. The drug entrapment efficacy was 61.86±3.9%. PLK2-NPs were able to enter SH-SY5Y cells and phosphorylate α-syn at Ser-129, demonstrating that the enzyme retained its activity after the NP manufacturing process. This is the first study to develop a DDS for continuous intracellular delivery of PLK2. These promising results indicate that this novel nanotechnology approach could be used to elucidate the biological effects of PLK2 on dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez-Nogales
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Garbayo
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - V Sebastián
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department & Nanoscience Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - M R Luquin
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Blanco-Prieto
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garbayo E, Ansorena E, Lana H, Carmona-Abellan MDM, Marcilla I, Lanciego JL, Luquin MR, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Brain delivery of microencapsulated GDNF induces functional and structural recovery in parkinsonian monkeys. Biomaterials 2016; 110:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
17
|
Pascual-Gil S, Simón-Yarza T, Garbayo E, Prósper F, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Cytokine-loaded PLGA and PEG-PLGA microparticles showed similar heart regeneration in a rat myocardial infarction model. Int J Pharm 2016; 523:531-533. [PMID: 27838293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin (NRG1) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) are well known growth factors implicated in cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival, as well as in angiogenesis, the development of adult heart and the maintenance of cardiac function. NRG1 and FGF1 have become promising therapeutic agents to treat myocardial infarction (MI) disorder. Unfortunately, clinical trials performed so far reported negative efficacy results, because growth factors are rapidly degraded and eliminated from the biological tissues once administered. In order to increase their bioavailability and favour their therapeutic effects, they have been combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polyethylene glycol microparticles (PLGA MPs and PEG-PLGA MPs). Here we compare both types of microparticles loaded with NRG1 or FGF1 in terms of efficacy in a rat MI model. Our results showed that intramyocardial injection of NRG1 or FGF1-loaded PLGA and PEG-PLGA MPs brought about similar improvements in the ejection fraction, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis after administration into the infarcted hearts. PEG coating did not add any effect regarding MP efficacy. Both PLGA and PEG-PLGA MPs were equally phagocyted in the heart. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the opsonisation process in heart tissue. The results allow us to conclude that the opsonisation process is different in heart tissue compared to blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascual-Gil
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Simón-Yarza
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Hematology Service and Area of Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Newland B, Dunnett SB, Dowd E. Targeting delivery in Parkinson's disease. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1313-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
19
|
Hernando S, Gartziandia O, Herran E, Pedraz JL, Igartua M, Hernandez RM. Advances in nanomedicine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1267-85. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer‘s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Despite all the efforts made by the scientific community, current available treatments have limited effectiveness, without halting the progression of the disease. That is why, new molecules such as growth factors, antioxidants and metal chelators have been raised as new therapeutical approaches. However, these molecules have difficulties to cross the blood–brain barrier limiting its therapeutic effect. The development of nanometric drug delivery systems may permit a targeted and sustained release of old and new treatments offering a novel strategy to treat these neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarized the main investigated drug delivery systems as promising approaches to treat Alzheimer‘s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Oihane Gartziandia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Enara Herran
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Newland B, Wolff P, Zhou D, Wang W, Zhang H, Rosser A, Wang W, Werner C. Synthesis of ROS scavenging microspheres from a dopamine containing poly(β-amino ester) for applications for neurodegenerative disorders. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:400-4. [PMID: 26756041 PMCID: PMC5657472 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a substantial decrease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neurological deterioration during PD can be, in part, attributed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Radical scavengers have previously been shown to protect dopaminergic cells from toxic effects in vitro. Hence, new approaches need to be investigated to improve the administration of antioxidants in order to provide neuroprotection. Polymers exhibiting catechol structures offer one such approach due to their interesting physicochemical properties. In the present study a photocrosslinkable dopamine-containing poly(β-amino ester) (DPAE) was synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and dopamine hydrochloride using Michael type addition. A water-in-oil emulsion technique was used to photo-crosslink the polymer into spherical microparticles. DPAE microspheres featured excellent scavenging properties towards 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a dose dependent manner and could even reduce the dissolved oxygen content of physiological solution. Furthermore, the concentrations required for radical scavenging were shown to be non-toxic towards dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells as well as primary astrocytes and primary embryonic rat ventral midbrain cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, Germany. and Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Wolff
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wei Wang
- Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Long-term controlled GDNF over-expression reduces dopamine transporter activity without affecting tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the rat mesostriatal system. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 88:44-54. [PMID: 26777664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein expressed in dopaminergic (DA-) cells that takes back DA into presynaptic neurons after its release. DAT dysfunction has been involved in different neuro-psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, numerous studies support that the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a protective effect on DA-cells. However, studies in rodents show that prolonged GDNF over-expression may cause a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, the limiting enzyme in DA synthesis) decline. The evidence of TH down-regulation suggests that another player in DA handling, DAT, may also be regulated by prolonged GDNF over-expression, and the possibility that this effect is induced at GDNF expression levels lower than those inducing TH down-regulation. This issue was investigated here using intrastriatal injections of a tetracycline-inducible adeno-associated viral vector expressing human GDNF cDNA (AAV-tetON-GDNF) in rats, and doxycycline (DOX; 0.01, 0.03, 0.5 and 3mg/ml) in the drinking water during 5weeks. We found that 3mg/ml DOX promotes an increase in striatal GDNF expression of 12× basal GDNF levels and both DA uptake decrease and TH down-regulation in its native and Ser40 phosphorylated forms. However, 0.5mg/ml DOX promotes a GDNF expression increase of 3× basal GDNF levels with DA uptake decrease but not TH down-regulation. The use of western-blot under non-reducing conditions, co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay revealed that the DA uptake decrease is associated with the formation of DAT dimers and an increase in DAT-α-synuclein interactions, without changes in total DAT levels or its compartmental distribution. In conclusion, at appropriate GDNF transduction levels, DA uptake is regulated through DAT protein-protein interactions without interfering with DA synthesis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Rodríguez-Nogales C, Garbayo E, Carmona-Abellán MM, Luquin MR, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Brain aging and Parkinson's disease: New therapeutic approaches using drug delivery systems. Maturitas 2015; 84:25-31. [PMID: 26653838 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, aging being the strongest risk factor for brain degeneration. Understanding PD pathogenesis and how aging increases the risk of disease would aid the development of therapies able to slow or prevent the progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. In this review we provide an overview of the most promising therapeutic targets and strategies to delay the loss of dopaminergic neurons observed both in PD and aging. Among them, handling alpha-synuclein toxicity, enhancing proteasome and lysosome clearance, ameliorating mitochondrial disruptions and modifying the glial environment are so far the most promising candidates. These new and conventional drugs may present problems related to their labile nature and to the difficulties in reaching the brain. Thus, we highlight the latest types of drug delivery system (DDS)-based strategies for PD treatment, including DDS for local and systemic drug delivery. Finally, the ongoing challenges for the discovery of new targets and the opportunities for DDS-based therapies to improve and efficacious PD therapy will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez-Nogales
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - E Garbayo
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M M Carmona-Abellán
- Laboratory of Regenerative Therapy, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Spain
| | - M R Luquin
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Regenerative Therapy, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Spain
| | - M J Blanco-Prieto
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Vera M, Barcia E, Negro S, Marcianes P, García-García L, Slowing K, Fernández-Carballido A. New celecoxib multiparticulate systems to improve glioblastoma treatment. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:518-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Gastaldi L, Battaglia L, Peira E, Chirio D, Muntoni E, Solazzi I, Gallarate M, Dosio F. Solid lipid nanoparticles as vehicles of drugs to the brain: Current state of the art. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:433-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
Fonseca CP, Gama S, Saavedra A, Baltazar G. H2O2- or l-DOPA-injured dopaminergic neurons trigger the release of soluble mediators that up-regulate striatal GDNF through different signalling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:927-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 is neuroprotective and alters glial cell phenotype in the chronic MPTP mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2603-2616. [PMID: 24973119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cannabinoid receptor expression and concentration of endocannabinoids have been described in Parkinson's disease; however, it remains unclear whether they contribute to, or result from, the disease process. To evaluate whether targeting the endocannabinoid system could provide potential benefits in the treatment of the disease, the effect of a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor that prevents degradation of 2-arachidonyl-glycerol was tested in mice treated chronically with probenecid and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTPp). Chronic administration of the compound, JZL184 (8 mg/kg), prevented MPTPp-induced motor impairment and preserved the nigrostriatal pathway. Furthermore, none of the hypokinetic effects associated with cannabinoid receptor agonism were observed. In the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta, MPTPp animals treated with JZL184 exhibited astroglial and microglial phenotypic changes that were accompanied by increases in TGFβ messenger RNA expression and in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA and protein levels. JZL184 induced an increase in β-catenin translocation to the nucleus, implicating the Wnt/catenin pathway. Together, these results demonstrate a potent neuroprotective effect of JZL184 on the nigrostriatal pathway of parkinsonian animals, likely involving restorative astroglia and microglia activation and the release of neuroprotective and antiinflammatory molecules.
Collapse
|
28
|
Thumsing S, Israsena N, Boonkrai C, Supaphol P. Preparation of bioactive glycosylated glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor-loaded microspheres for medical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saowapa Thumsing
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Neuroscience of Headache Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chatikorn Boonkrai
- The Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Neuroscience of Headache Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Formiga FR, Pelacho B, Garbayo E, Imbuluzqueta I, Díaz-Herráez P, Abizanda G, Gavira JJ, Simón-Yarza T, Albiasu E, Tamayo E, Prósper F, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Controlled delivery of fibroblast growth factor-1 and neuregulin-1 from biodegradable microparticles promotes cardiac repair in a rat myocardial infarction model through activation of endogenous regeneration. J Control Release 2013; 173:132-9. [PMID: 24200746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) and neuregulin-1 (NRG1) are growth factors involved in cardiac development and regeneration. Microparticles (MPs) mediate cytokine sustained release, and can be utilized to overcome issues related to the limited therapeutic protein stability during systemic administration. We sought to examine whether the administration of microparticles (MPs) containing FGF1 and NRG1 could promote cardiac regeneration in a myocardial infarction (MI) rat model. We investigated the possible underlying mechanisms contributing to the beneficial effects of this therapy, especially those linked to endogenous regeneration. FGF1- and NRG1-loaded MPs were prepared using a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Seventy-three female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, and MPs were intramyocardially injected in the peri-infarcted zone four days later. Cardiac function, heart tissue remodeling, revascularization, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and stem cell homing were evaluated one week and three months after treatment. MPs were shown to efficiently encapsulate FGF1 and NRG1, releasing the bioactive proteins in a sustained manner. Three months after treatment, a statistically significant improvement in cardiac function was detected in rats treated with growth factor-loaded MPs (FGF1, NRG1, or FGF1/NRG1). The therapy led to inhibition of cardiac remodeling with smaller infarct size, a lower fibrosis degree and induction of tissue revascularization. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and progenitor cell recruitment were detected. Our data support the therapeutic benefit of NRG1 and FGF1 when combined with protein delivery systems for cardiac regeneration. This approach could be scaled up for use in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio R Formiga
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Izaskun Imbuluzqueta
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Díaz-Herráez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan J Gavira
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Simón-Yarza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Edurne Albiasu
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Tamayo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Maria J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Angelova A, Angelov B, Drechsler M, Lesieur S. Neurotrophin delivery using nanotechnology. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1263-71. [PMID: 23891881 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deficits or overexpression of neurotrophins cause neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. These proteins are required for the maintenance of the function, plasticity and survival of neurons in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems. Significant efforts have been devoted to developing therapeutic delivery systems that enable control of neurotrophin dosage in the brain. Here, we suggest that nanoparticulate carriers favoring targeted delivery in specific brain areas and minimizing biodistribution to the systemic circulation should be developed toward clinical benefits of neuroregeneration. We also provide examples of improved targeted neurotrophin delivery to localized areas in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Angelova
- CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; University Paris Sud 11, Faculté de Pharmacie, LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garbayo E, Ansorena E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Drug development in Parkinson's disease: from emerging molecules to innovative drug delivery systems. Maturitas 2013; 76:272-8. [PMID: 23827471 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at addressing motor symptoms but there is no therapy focused on modifying the course of the disease. Successful treatment strategies have been so far limited and brain drug delivery remains a major challenge that restricts its treatment. This review provides an overview of the most promising emerging agents in the field of PD drug discovery, discussing improvements that have been made in brain drug delivery for PD. It will be shown that new approaches able to extend the length of the treatment, to release the drug in a continuous manner or to cross the blood-brain barrier and target a specific region are still needed. Overall, the results reviewed here show that there is an urgent need to develop both symptomatic and disease-modifying treatments, giving priority to neuroprotective treatments. Promising perspectives are being provided in this field by rasagiline and by neurotrophic factors like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. The identification of disease-relevant genes has also encouraged the search for disease-modifying therapies that function by identifying molecularly targeted drugs. The advent of new molecular and cellular targets like α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine protein kinase 2 or parkin, among others, will require innovative delivery therapies. In this regard, drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown great potential for improving the efficacy of conventional and new PD therapy and reducing its side effects. The new DDS discussed here, which include microparticles, nanoparticles and hydrogels among others, will probably open up possibilities that extend beyond symptomatic relief. However, further work needs to be done before DDS become a therapeutic option for PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Garbayo
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Allen SJ, Watson JJ, Shoemark DK, Barua NU, Patel NK. GDNF, NGF and BDNF as therapeutic options for neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:155-75. [PMID: 23348013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are important for the survival, maintenance and regeneration of specific neuronal populations in the adult brain. Depletion of these neurotrophic factors has been linked with disease pathology and symptoms, and replacement strategies are considered as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. GDNF administration has recently been shown to be an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, with clinical trials currently in progress. Trials with NGF for Alzheimer's disease are ongoing, with some degree of success. Preclinical results using BDNF also show much promise, although there are accompanying difficulties. Ultimately, the administration of a therapy involving proteins in the brain has inherent problems. Because of the blood-brain-barrier, the protein must be infused directly, produced by viral constructs, secreted from implanted protein-secreting cells or actively transported across the brain. An alternative to this is the use of a small molecule agonist, a modulator or enhancer targeting the associated receptors. We evaluate these neurotrophic factors as potential short or long-term treatments, weighing up preclinical and clinical results with the possible effects on the underlying neurodegenerative process.
Collapse
|
33
|
Géral C, Angelova A, Lesieur S. From molecular to nanotechnology strategies for delivery of neurotrophins: emphasis on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:127-67. [PMID: 24300402 PMCID: PMC3834942 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major public health problem, but beneficial clinical treatment with neurotrophic factors has not been established yet. The therapeutic use of neurotrophins has been restrained by their instability and rapid degradation in biological medium. A variety of strategies has been proposed for the administration of these leading therapeutic candidates, which are essential for the development, survival and function of human neurons. In this review, we describe the existing approaches for delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is the most abundant neurotrophin in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Biomimetic peptides of BDNF have emerged as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders. Polymer-based carriers have provided sustained neurotrophin delivery, whereas lipid-based particles have contributed also to potentiation of the BDNF action. Nanotechnology offers new possibilities for the design of vehicles for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Recent developments in nanoscale carriers for encapsulation and transport of BDNF are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Géral
- CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; E-Mails: (C.G.); (S.L.)
- Univ Paris Sud 11, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Angelina Angelova
- CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; E-Mails: (C.G.); (S.L.)
- Univ Paris Sud 11, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylviane Lesieur
- CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; E-Mails: (C.G.); (S.L.)
- Univ Paris Sud 11, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
L Ng K, Nguyễn L. Role of vitamin d in Parkinson's disease. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2012; 2012:134289. [PMID: 22619734 PMCID: PMC3349248 DOI: 10.5402/2012/134289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration in the elderly population. Clinically, it is characterized by tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural imbalance. A significant association between low serum vitamin D and PD has been demonstrated, suggesting that elevated vitamin D levels might provide protection against PD. Genetic studies have helped identify a number of proteins linking vitamin D to PD pathology, including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), chromosome 22, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene (PARP-1), neurotrophic factor (NTF), and Sp1 transcription factor. Vitamin D has also been implicated in PD through its effects on L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (L-VSCC), nerve growth factor (NGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prostaglandins (PGs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for PD patients. Among the different forms of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is best indicated for PD, because it is a highly active vitamin D3 metabolite with an appropriate receptor in the central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh L Ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, Westminster, CA 92683, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
PLGA-based nanoparticles: an overview of biomedical applications. J Control Release 2012; 161:505-22. [PMID: 22353619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2197] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successfully developed biodegradable polymers. Among the different polymers developed to formulate polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA has attracted considerable attention due to its attractive properties: (i) biodegradability and biocompatibility, (ii) FDA and European Medicine Agency approval in drug delivery systems for parenteral administration, (iii) well described formulations and methods of production adapted to various types of drugs e.g. hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecules or macromolecules, (iv) protection of drug from degradation, (v) possibility of sustained release, (vi) possibility to modify surface properties to provide stealthness and/or better interaction with biological materials and (vii) possibility to target nanoparticles to specific organs or cells. This review presents why PLGA has been chosen to design nanoparticles as drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications such as vaccination, cancer, inflammation and other diseases. This review focuses on the understanding of specific characteristics exploited by PLGA-based nanoparticles to target a specific organ or tissue or specific cells.
Collapse
|