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Lu Q, Zhou Y, Qian Q, Chen Z, Tan Q, Chen H, Yin F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Tian P, Sun D. Whole-exome sequencing identifies high-confidence genes for tic disorders in a Chinese Han population. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119759. [PMID: 38880274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tic disorder (TD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with high susceptibility. However, identifying high-confidence risk genes has been challenging due to poor replication across multiple studies. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 390 TD patients and 372 unaffected individuals in a Chinese Han population. Analysis of variance, burden analysis and in silico prediction were used to identify candidate genes for TD. To facilitate data analysis and to focus on high-confidence genes, we defined a panel of 160 genes as known causal or candidate TD genes from previous studies. Gene enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis were utilized to detect potential novel TD risk genes. RESULTS Totally, 14 variants across 12 known TD candidate genes were considered potential susceptibility variants. Ten variants across 10 known TD candidate genes were identified as potential disease-causing variants. Burden analysis identified variants of 28 known genes were significantly excess in TD patients. In addition, 354 previously unproven TD genes are over-represented in patients. Genes enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling, sphingolipid metabolism and serotonergic synaptic pathways, as well as those interacting with FN1, were considered potential new candidate genes for TD. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest WES study focusing on TD patients in a Chinese Han population. Several variants recurring in our cohort were identified as high-confidence risk loci for TD. Moreover, we provided potential new risk genes that may be prioritized for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Qian
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Peichao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Keszler G, Vékony B, Elek Z, Nemoda Z, Angyal N, Bánlaki Z, Kovács-Nagy R, Rónai Z, Réthelyi JM. MicroRNA-Mediated Suppression of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression Is Modulated by a Schizophrenia-Associated Non-Coding Polymorphism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4477. [PMID: 38674063 PMCID: PMC11050407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a pivotal regulator of differentiation and survival of dopaminergic neurons, are reportedly decreased in schizophrenia. To explore the involvement of GDNF in the pathogenesis of the disease, a case-control association analysis was performed between five non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across the GDNF gene and schizophrenia. Of them, the 'G' allele of the rs11111 SNP located in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the gene was found to associate with schizophrenia. In silico analysis revealed that the rs11111 'G' allele might create binding sites for three microRNA (miRNA) species. To explore the significance of this polymorphism, transient co-transfection assays were performed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells with a luciferase reporter construct harboring either the 'A' or 'G' allele of the 3'-UTR of GDNF in combination with the hsa-miR-1185-1-3p pre-miRNA. It was demonstrated that in the presence of the rs11111 'G' (but not the 'A') allele, hsa-miR-1185-2-3p repressed luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Deletion of the miRNA binding site or its substitution with the complementary sequence abrogated the modulatory effect. Our results imply that the rs11111 'G' allele occurring more frequently in patients with schizophrenia might downregulate GDNF expression in a miRNA-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Keszler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - Bálint Vékony
- Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Elek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zsófia Nemoda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - Nóra Angyal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zsófia Bánlaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - Réka Kovács-Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.); (Z.N.); (N.A.); (Z.B.); (R.K.-N.); (Z.R.)
| | - János M. Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Levy AM, Paschou P, Tümer Z. Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Where Are We? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1321. [PMID: 34573303 PMCID: PMC8468358 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental and -psychiatric tic-disorder of complex etiology which is often comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twin and family studies of GTS individuals have shown a high level of heritability suggesting, that genetic risk factors play an important role in disease etiology. However, the identification of major GTS susceptibility genes has been challenging, presumably due to the complex interplay between several genetic factors and environmental influences, low penetrance of each individual factor, genetic diversity in populations, and the presence of comorbid disorders. To understand the genetic components of GTS etiopathology, we conducted an extensive review of the literature, compiling the candidate susceptibility genes identified through various genetic approaches. Even though several strong candidate genes have hitherto been identified, none of these have turned out to be major susceptibility genes yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Levy
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ma Q, Cai M, Shang JW, Yang J, Gu XY, Liu WB, Yang Q. Glial cell induced neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:954-961. [PMID: 33336053 PMCID: PMC7712328 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have an important application prospect in the field of cell therapy for various neurodegenerative diseases, and inducing factors that regulate BMSC differentiation are proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we explored the effect of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the course of BMSC differentiation. Methods BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and induced by GDNF. The effects of GDNF on BMSC viability and proliferation were verified by cell counting kit-8, MTT, bromodeoxyuridine, and flow cytometry assays. Neuronal differentiation from BMSCs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence via measuring the expression of several neural specific markers. Results Compared to untreated BMSCs, GDNF induced the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells and enhanced the expression levels of neuronal markers including nestin and NCAM. Moreover, the expression of SCF was suppressed by GDNF stimulation. Conclusion GDNF could elevate the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells and could be considered as an effective candidate cell for future neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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Szejko N, Lombroso A, Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Refractory Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Many Pieces That Define the Puzzle. Front Neurol 2020; 11:589511. [PMID: 33391155 PMCID: PMC7775596 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.589511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics. The clinical spectrum of GTS is heterogeneous and varies from mild cases that do not require any medical attention to cases that are refractory to standard treatments. One of the unresolved issues is the definition of what constitutes treatment-refractory GTS. While for some other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a clear definition has been established, there is still no consensus with regard to GTS. One important issue is that many individuals with GTS also meet criteria for one or more other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In many individuals, the severity of these comorbid conditions contributes to the degree to which GTS is treatment refractory. The scope of this paper is to present the current state-of-the-art regarding refractory GTS and indicate possible approaches to define it. In closing, we discuss promising approaches to the treatment of individuals with refractory GTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szejko
- Division of Neurocritical Care & Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Lombroso
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Angeli Landeros-Weisenberger
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James F Leckman
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Kloft L, Steinel T, Kathmann N. Systematic review of co-occurring OCD and TD: Evidence for a tic-related OCD subtype? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:280-314. [PMID: 30278193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of associated features of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TD) and to critically evaluate hypotheses regarding the nature of their comorbidity. METHOD We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. To this aim, the PubMed, PsychInfo and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched up to August 30, 2018. For gender and age-of-onset we additionally conducted meta-analyses. RESULTS One hundred eighty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. We substantiate some acknowledged features and report evidence for differential biological mechanisms and treatment response. In general, studies were of limited methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS Several specific features are reliable associated with co-occurring OCD + TD. The field lacks methodological sound studies. The review found evidence against and in favor for different hypotheses regarding the nature of comorbidity of OCD and TD. This could indicate the existence of a stepwise model of co-morbidity, or could be an artefact of the low methodological quality of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kloft
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:301-316. [PMID: 28555406 PMCID: PMC5708161 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in Tourette syndrome (TS) are characterized by scattered and poorly replicated findings. We aimed to replicate findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our cohort included 465 probands with chronic tic disorder (93% TS) and both parents from 412 families (some probands were siblings). We assessed 75 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 465 parent-child trios; 117 additional SNPs in 211 trios; and 4 additional SNPs in 254 trios. We performed SNP and gene-based transmission disequilibrium tests and compared nominally significant SNP results with those from a large independent case-control cohort. After quality control 71 SNPs were available in 371 trios; 112 SNPs in 179 trios; and 3 SNPs in 192 trios. 17 were candidate SNPs implicated in TS and 2 were implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 142 were tagging SNPs from eight monoamine neurotransmitter-related genes (including dopamine and serotonin); 10 were top SNPs from TS GWAS; and 13 top SNPs from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OCD, or ASD GWAS. None of the SNPs or genes reached significance after adjustment for multiple testing. We observed nominal significance for the candidate SNPs rs3744161 (TBCD) and rs4565946 (TPH2) and for five tagging SNPs; none of these showed significance in the independent cohort. Also, SLC1A1 in our gene-based analysis and two TS GWAS SNPs showed nominal significance, rs11603305 (intergenic) and rs621942 (PICALM). We found no convincing support for previously implicated genetic polymorphisms. Targeted re-sequencing should fully appreciate the relevance of candidate genes.
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Ibáñez CF, Andressoo JO. Biology of GDNF and its receptors — Relevance for disorders of the central nervous system. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 97:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Marsili L, Suppa A, Di Stasio F, Belvisi D, Upadhyay N, Berardelli I, Pasquini M, Petrucci S, Ginevrino M, Fabbrini G, Cardona F, Defazio G, Berardelli A. BDNF and LTP-/LTD-like plasticity of the primary motor cortex in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Exp Brain Res 2016; 235:841-850. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dong H, Liu W, Liu M, Xu L, Li Q, Zhang R, Zhang X, Liu S. Investigation of a Possible Role for the Histidine Decarboxylase Gene in Tourette Syndrome in the Chinese Han Population: A Family-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160265. [PMID: 27529419 PMCID: PMC4986944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a polygenic neuropsychiatric disease. Previous studies have indicated that dysregulation in the histaminergic system may play a crucial role in disease onset. In this study, we investigated the role of the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC) in TS susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. After genotyping 241 TS nuclear families trios, we analyzed three tag HDC single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs854150, rs854151, and rs854157) in a family-based study using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype relative risk (HRR). TDT showed no over-transmission in these SNPs across the HDC region (for rs854150: χ2 = 0.472, P = 0.537, OR = 1.097, 95%CI = 0.738–1.630; for rs854151: χ2 = 0.043, P = 0.889, OR = 1.145, 95%CI = 0.767–1.709; for rs854157:χ2 = 0.984, P = 0.367, OR = 1.020, 95%CI = 0.508–2.049). HRR also showed the same tendency (for rs854150: χ2 = 0.211, P = 0.646, OR = 1.088, 95%CI = 0.759–1.559; for rs854151: χ2 = 0.134, P = 0.714, OR = 0.935, 95%CI = 0.653–1.339; for rs854157:χ2 = 0.841, P = 0.359, OR = 1.206, 95%CI = 0.808–1.799). Additionally, the haplotype-based haplotype relative risk showed a negative association. Although these findings indicate an unlikely association between HDC and TS in the Chinese Han population, a potential role for HDC cannot be ruled out in TS etiology. Future research should investigate this more thoroughly using different populations and larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Prenatal diagnosis center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Longqiang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Andrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Prenatal diagnosis center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (XZ)
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Prenatal diagnosis center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Genetic Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (XZ)
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Pagliaroli L, Vető B, Arányi T, Barta C. From Genetics to Epigenetics: New Perspectives in Tourette Syndrome Research. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:277. [PMID: 27462201 PMCID: PMC4940402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. TS presents high comorbidity rates with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). TS is highly heritable and has a complex polygenic background. However, environmental factors also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms. Different epigenetic mechanisms may represent the link between these two causalities. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to have an impact in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, however very little is known about its effects on Tourette Syndrome. This review provides a summary of the recent findings in genetic background of TS, followed by an overview on different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic studies in other neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed along with the TS-related epigenetic findings available in the literature to date. Moreover, we are proposing that some general epigenetic mechanisms seen in other neuropsychiatric disorders may also play a role in the pathogenesis of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Vető
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, University of AngersAngers, France
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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