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Bu S, Pang H, Li X, Zhao M, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu H, Fan G. Structural and Functional Alterations of Motor-Thalamus in Different Motor Subtype of Parkinson's Disease: An Individual Study. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1605-1614. [PMID: 37863779 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the structural and functional alterations occurring within bilateral premotor thalamus (mPMtha) in motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one individuals with instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype, 60 individuals with tremor-dominant (TD) subtype and 66 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the study. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and 3D T1-weighted (3DT1) scans. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis and Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis were performed to evaluate the function and volume of mPMtha. Additionally, correlations between motor performance and FC values, volumes were examined separately. Support vector machine (SVM) model based on FC values and thalamic volumes was conducted to assist in the clinical diagnosis of PD motor subtype. RESULTS Compared to HCs and PIGD, TD subtype showed increased FC between the bilateral mPMtha and left middle occipital gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). While PIGD subtype demonstrated decreased FC between right mPMtha and precentral gyrus (PreCG), supramarginal, IPL and superior parietal lobule. FC of bilateral mPMtha with the identified regions were significantly correlated with motor performance scores in PD patients. The SVM classification based on FC values demonstrated a high level of efficiency (AUC=0.874). The volumes of the bilateral mPMtha were indifferent among three groups. CONCLUSION We noted distinct FC alterations of mPMtha in TD and PIGD subtypes, and these changes were correlated with motor performance. Furthermore, the machine learning based on statistically significant FC might be served as an alternative approach for automatically classifying PD motor subtypes individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Bu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.)
| | - Huize Pang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.)
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.)
| | - Mengwan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.)
| | - Juzhou Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.)
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (H.Y.)
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China (S.B., H.P., X.L., M.Z., J.W., Y.L., G.F.).
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Bove F, Angeloni B, Sanginario P, Rossini PM, Calabresi P, Di Iorio R. Neuroplasticity in levodopa-induced dyskinesias: An overview on pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 232:102548. [PMID: 38040324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a common complication in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A complex cascade of electrophysiological and molecular events that induce aberrant plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of LIDs. In the striatum, multiple neurotransmitters regulate the different forms of physiological synaptic plasticity to provide it in a bidirectional and Hebbian manner. In PD, impairment of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) progresses with disease and dopaminergic denervation of striatum. The altered balance between LTP and LTD processes leads to unidirectional changes in plasticity that cause network dysregulation and the development of involuntary movements. These alterations have been documented, in both experimental models and PD patients, not only in deep brain structures but also at motor cortex. Invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation treatments, as deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or transcranial direct current stimulation, may provide strategies to modulate the aberrant plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia network of patients affected by LIDs, thus restoring normal neurophysiological functioning and treating dyskinesias. In this review, we discuss the evidence for neuroplasticity impairment in experimental PD models and in patients affected by LIDs, and potential neuromodulation strategies that may modulate aberrant plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bove
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Angeloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sanginario
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Iorio
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Bianco V, Veniero D, D'Acunto A, Koch G, Picazio S. Challenging inhibitory control with high- and low-calorie food: A behavioural and TMS study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1016017. [PMID: 36908918 PMCID: PMC9992824 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1016017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most people are often tempted by their impulses to "indulge" in high-calorie food, even if this behaviour is not consistent with their goal to control weight in the long term and might not be healthy. The outcome of this conflict is strongly dependent on inhibitory control. It has already been reported that individuals with weaker inhibitory control consume more high-calorie food, are more often unsuccessful dieters, overweight or obese compared to people with more effective inhibitory control. In the present study, we aimed at investigating inhibitory control in the context of human eating behaviour. A sample of 20 healthy normal-weight adults performed a 50% probability visual affective Go/NoGo task involving food (high- and low-calorie) and non-food images as stimuli. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered over the right primary motor cortex (M1) either 300 ms after image presentation to measure corticospinal excitability during the different stimulus categories or 300 ms after the appearance of a fixation point, as a control stimulation condition. The experimental session consisted of a food target and a non-food target block. Behavioural outcomes showed a natural implicit inclination towards high-calorie food in that participants were faster and more accurate compared to the other categories. This advantage was selectively deleted by TMS, which slowed down reaction times. MEPs did not differ according to the stimulus category, but, as expected, were bigger for Go compared to NoGo trials. Participants judged high-calorie food also as more appetising than low-calorie food images. Overall, our results point to a differential modulation when targeting inhibitory control, in favour of the more palatable food category (high-calorie). Present data suggest that the activity of the motor system is modulated by food nutritional value, being more engaged by appetising food. Future work should explore to what extent these processes are affected in patients with eating disorders and should aim to better characterise the related dynamics of cortical connectivity within the motor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Domenica Veniero
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia D'Acunto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Human Physiology Section, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Picazio
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhao R, Chu X, Ge Y, Guo X, Xue Y. Brain connectivity markers in degenerative cervical myelopathy patients with depression for predicting the prognosis following decompression surgery. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1003578. [PMID: 36353137 PMCID: PMC9637895 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if brain functional connectivity (FC) is associated with the prognosis in depressed degenerative cervical myelopathy patients (DCM) and to investigate the possible brain functional mechanism. METHODS Resting-state fMRI scans and peripheral blood cell counts from 33 depressed DCM patients, 33 age and gender-matched DCM patients without depression were analyzed. All patients were evaluated using Japanese Orthopedic Association score before and 6 weeks after decompression surgery. JOA recovery rate was calculated to assess the functional recovery for DCM patients. For each participant, seed-based functional connectivity maps based on sub-regions centered on the striatum were computed and compared between groups. Pearson correlations were performed to explore the relationships between clinical measures and brain alterations in depressed DCM patients. To further investigate the relationships between brain alterations and clinical measures in depressed DCM patients, mediation analyses were performed. Flow cytometry was also performed on the three of the 33 depressed DCM patients, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS In comparison to patients without depression, DCM patients exhibited lower FC between the dorsal caudate (dC) and the inferior frontal operculum, which is located in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). In depressed DCM patients, the altered dC-dlPFC FC was associated with inflammation as determined by the neutrophils/lymphocyte's ratio and prognosis. Furthermore, the mediation analysis demonstrated that the dC-dlPFC FC mediated the effect of inflammation on prognosis. The outcomes of our three cases followed a similar pattern to these findings. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings imply that inflammation slowed the functional recovery in depressed DCM patients through the striatal-frontal FC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqi Ge
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Jung JH, Kim YJ, Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Baik K, Jeong SH, Lee YG, Lee HS, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Jeong Y, Lee PH. White matter connectivity networks predict levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2022; 269:2948-2960. [PMID: 34762146 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although levodopa-induced dyskinesia-relevant white matter change has been evaluated, it is uncertain whether these changes may reflect the underlying predisposing conditions leading to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of white matter connectivity networks in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease. METHODS We recruited 30 patients who developed levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years from MRI acquisition (vulnerable-group), 47 patients who had not developed levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years (resistant-group), and 28 controls. We performed comparative analyses of whole-brain white matter integrity and connectivity using tract-based spatial and network- and degree-based statistics. We evaluated the predictability of levodopa-induced dyskinesia development and relationship with its latency, using the average connectivity strength as a predictor in Cox- and linear-regression, respectively. RESULTS Mean-diffusivity was lower mainly at the left frontal region in the vulnerable-group compared to the resistant-group. Network-based statistics identified a subnetwork consisting of the bilateral fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic and lateral parietal regions (subnetwork A) and degree-based statistics identified four subnetworks (hub-subnetwork) consisting of edges centered on the left superior frontal gyrus, left putamen, left insular, or left precentral gyrus, where the vulnerable-group had stronger connectivity compared to the resistant-group. Stronger connectivity within the subnetwork A and hub-subnetwork centered on the left superior frontal gyrus was a predictor of levodopa-induced dyskinesia development independent of known risk factors and had an inverse relationship with its latency. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that white matter connectivity subnetworks within corticostriatal regions play a pivotal role in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yae Ji Kim
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Gun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
- KI for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bove F, Calabresi P. Plasticity, genetics, and epigenetics in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:167-184. [PMID: 35034732 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
l-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a frequent complication in l-dopa-treated patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). In the last years, several progresses in the knowledge of LIDs mechanisms have led to the identification of several molecular and electrophysiologic events. A complex cascade of intracellular events underlies the pathophysiology of LIDs, and, among these, aberrant plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia system, at striatal and cortical level, plays a key role. Furthermore, several recent studies have investigated genetic susceptibility and epigenetic modifications in LIDs pathophysiology that might have future relevance in clinical practice and pharmacologic research. These progresses might lead to the development of specific strategies not only to treat, but also to prevent or delay the development of LIDs in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bove
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Parkinson's disease: Alterations of motor plasticity and motor learning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:135-151. [PMID: 35034730 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the alterations in motor learning and motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder. Impairments in motor learning, which is a hallmark of basal ganglia disorders, influence the performance of motor learning-related behavioral tasks and have clinical implications for the management of disturbance in gait and posture, and for rehabilitative management of PD. Although plasticity is classically induced and assessed in sliced preparation in animal models, in this review we have concentrated on the results from non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with PD, in addition to a few animal electrophysiologic studies. The chapter summarizes the results from different cortical and subcortical plasticity investigations. Plasticity induction protocols reveal deficient plasticity in PD and these plasticity measures are modulated by medications and deep brain stimulation. There is considerable variability in these measures that are related to inter-individual variations, different disease characteristics and methodological considerations. Nevertheless, these pathophysiologic studies expand our knowledge of cortical excitability, plasticity and the effects of different treatments in PD. These tools of modulating plasticity and motor learning improve our understanding of PD pathophysiology and help to develop new treatments for this disabling condition.
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Wu Y, Cao XB, Zeng WQ, Zhai H, Zhang XQ, Yang XM, Cheng C, Wang JL, Yang XM, Xu Y. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:758345. [PMID: 34858315 PMCID: PMC8631751 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.758345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widely studied non-invasive neuromodulation technology to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Many studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation has beneficial effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and is patient-tolerable, barely with reported adverse effects. Changes in brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter, neurorestoration, and blood flow modulation could play crucial roles in the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The appearance of new modes and application for emerging targets are possible solutions for transcranial magnetic stimulation to achieve sustained efficacy. Since the sample size in all available studies is small, more randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to elucidate the specific treatment mechanisms and optimize treatment parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Bing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Qi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Man Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang Z, Zhang LL, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu K. Long-Term Wu Qin Xi Exercise on Response Inhibition and Cortical Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease: Design and Implementation of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2021; 12:675050. [PMID: 34349720 PMCID: PMC8326919 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.675050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Motor symptom disorders in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) are closely related to reduced inhibitory ability. Although exercise has been shown to improve this ability in patients with PD, its effects on proactive and reactive inhibition have not been determined. Most previous studies of inhibitory control disorder in people with PD have been behavioral, and little attention has been paid to functional cortical connectivity. Wu Qin Xi, a low–medium-intensity qigong exercise that is safe and easy to do for elderly individuals, can support physical well-being and help prevent and alleviate disease. In this study, our aims were to explore the effects of a long-term Wu Qin Xi intervention on response inhibition and to examine how improved inhibition control relates to cortical connectivity using dual-site paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS), in patients with mild–moderate PD. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 90 elderly subjects will be recruited and allocated randomly to Wu Qin Xi, balance exercise, and healthy control groups. The exercise interventions will be implemented in three 90-min sessions per week for 24 weeks; the healthy control group will receive no intervention. The primary assessments will be response inhibition metrics and task-based ppTMS. The secondary outcomes will include motor symptom severity, mobility, balance, emotional state, and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, at the conclusion of the intervention period (week 24), and a few months after the intervention (week 36 follow-up). Discussion: This study is designed to provide insights into the effects of practicing Wu Qin Xi on response inhibition function in people with PD. The results will provide evidence on the value of traditional Chinese exercise as a therapeutic rehabilitation option for these patients. They will also provide data addressing how brain function–related cortical connectivity is related to reactive vs. proactive inhibition in people with PD participating in an exercise intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: This study has been registered prospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000038517, 18 January 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Exercise and Healthy Science, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China.,School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- School of Leisure Sport and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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Lohse A, Meder D, Nielsen S, Lund AE, Herz DM, Løkkegaard A, Siebner HR. Low-frequency transcranial stimulation of pre-supplementary motor area alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: a randomized cross-over trial. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa147. [PMID: 33225277 PMCID: PMC7667528 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia gradually emerges during long-term dopamine therapy, causing major disability in patients with Parkinson disease. Using pharmacodynamic functional MRI, we have previously shown that the intake of levodopa triggers an excessive activation of the pre-supplementary motor area in Parkinson disease patients with peak-of-dose dyskinesia. In this pre-registered, interventional study, we tested whether the abnormal responsiveness of the pre-supplementary motor area to levodopa may constitute a ‘stimulation target’ for treating dyskinesia. A gender-balanced group of 17 Parkinson disease patients with peak-of-dose dyskinesia received 30 min of robot-assisted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, after they had paused their anti-Parkinson medication. Real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 100% or sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 30% of individual resting corticomotor threshold of left first dorsal interosseous muscle was applied on separate days in counterbalanced order. Following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, patients took 200 mg of oral levodopa and underwent functional MRI to map brain activity, while they performed the same go/no-go task as in our previous study. Blinded video assessment revealed that real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delayed the onset of dyskinesia and reduced its severity relative to sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Individual improvement in dyskinesia severity scaled linearly with the modulatory effect of real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on task-related activation in the pre-supplementary motor area. Stimulation-induced delay in dyskinesia onset correlated positively with the induced electrical field strength in the pre-supplementary motor area. Our results provide converging evidence that the levodopa-triggered increase in pre-supplementary motor area activity plays a causal role in the pathophysiology of peak-of-dose dyskinesia and constitutes a promising cortical target for brain stimulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Lohse
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - David Meder
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Silas Nielsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Anders Elkjær Lund
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Damian M Herz
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Annemette Løkkegaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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11
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Rawji V, Latorre A, Sharma N, Rothwell JC, Rocchi L. On the Use of TMS to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2020; 11:584664. [PMID: 33224098 PMCID: PMC7669623 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.584664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a collection of disorders that result in the progressive degeneration and death of neurons. They are clinically heterogenous and can present as deficits in movement, cognition, executive function, memory, visuospatial awareness and language. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool that allows for the assessment of cortical function in vivo. We review how TMS has been used for the investigation of three neurodegenerative diseases that differ in their neuroanatomical axes: (1) Motor cortex-corticospinal tract (motor neuron diseases), (2) Non-motor cortical areas (dementias), and (3) Subcortical structures (parkinsonisms). We also make four recommendations that we hope will benefit the use of TMS in neurodegenerative diseases. Firstly, TMS has traditionally been limited by the lack of an objective output and so has been confined to stimulation of the motor cortex; this limitation can be overcome by the use of concurrent neuroimaging methods such as EEG. Given that neurodegenerative diseases progress over time, TMS measures should aim to track longitudinal changes, especially when the aim of the study is to look at disease progression and symptomatology. The lack of gold-standard diagnostic confirmation undermines the validity of findings in clinical populations. Consequently, diagnostic certainty should be maximized through a variety of methods including multiple, independent clinical assessments, imaging and fluids biomarkers, and post-mortem pathological confirmation where possible. There is great interest in understanding the mechanisms by which symptoms arise in neurodegenerative disorders. However, TMS assessments in patients are usually carried out during resting conditions, when the brain network engaged during these symptoms is not expressed. Rather, a context-appropriate form of TMS would be more suitable in probing the physiology driving clinical symptoms. In all, we hope that the recommendations made here will help to further understand the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Madrid J, Benninger DH. Non-invasive brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: Clinical evidence, latest concepts and future goals: A systematic review. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 347:108957. [PMID: 33017643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is becoming a major public-health issue in an aging population. Available approaches to treat advanced PD still have limitations; new therapies are needed. The non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may offer a complementary approach to treat advanced PD by personalized stimulation. Although NIBS is not as effective as the gold-standard levodopa, recent randomized controlled trials show promising outcomes in the treatment of PD symptoms. Nevertheless, only a few NIBS-stimulation paradigms have shown to improve PD's symptoms. Current clinical recommendations based on the level of evidence are reported in Table 1 through Table 3. Furthermore, novel technological advances hold promise and may soon enable the non-invasive stimulation of deeper brain structures for longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Madrid
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David H Benninger
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Donzuso G, Agosta F, Canu E, Filippi M. MRI of Motor and Nonmotor Therapy-Induced Complications in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:724-740. [PMID: 32181946 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa therapy remains the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and it is associated with the greatest improvement in motor function as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Dopamine agonists have also proven their efficacy as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease but also as adjunct therapy. However, the chronic use of dopaminergic therapy is associated with disabling motor and nonmotor side effects and complications, among which levodopa-induced dyskinesias and impulse control behaviors are the most common. The underlying mechanisms of these disorders are not fully understood. In the last decade, classic neuroimaging methods and more sophisticated techniques, such as analysis of gray-matter structural imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have given access to anatomical and functional abnormalities, respectively, in the brain. This review presents an overview of structural and functional brain changes associated with motor and nonmotor therapy-induced complications in Parkinson's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging may offer structural and/or functional neuroimaging biomarkers that could be used as predictive signs of development, maintenance, and progression of these complications. Neurophysiological tools, such as theta burst stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, might help us to integrate neuroimaging findings and clinical features and could be used as therapeutic options, translating neuroimaging data into clinical practice. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donzuso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department "G.F. Ingrassia," Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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14
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Chung SJ, Kim HR, Jung JH, Lee PH, Jeong Y, Sohn YH. Identifying the Functional Brain Network of Motor Reserve in Early Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:577-586. [PMID: 32096277 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) does not always correlate with the degree of nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss. Individuals with greater motor reserve may have milder motor signs than their striatal dopamine loss. In this study, we explored the functional brain network associated with motor reserve in early-stage PD. METHODS We analyzed 134 patients with de novo PD who underwent dopamine transporter scans and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We estimated individual motor reserve based on initial motor deficits and striatal dopamine depletion using a residual model. We applied network-based statistic analysis to identify the functional brain network associated with the measure of motor reserve (ie, motor reserve network). We also assessed the effect of motor reserve network connectivity strength on the longitudinal increase in levodopa-equivalent dose during the 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS Network-based statistic analysis identified the motor reserve network composed of the basal ganglia, inferior frontal cortex, insula, and cerebellar vermis at a primary threshold of P value 0.001. Patients with an increased degree of functional connectivity within the motor reserve network had greater motor reserve. There was a significant interaction between the motor reserve network strength and time in the linear mixed model, indicating that higher motor reserve network strength was associated with slower longitudinal increase in levodopa-equivalent dose. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the functional brain network associated with motor reserve in patients with early-stage PD. Functional connections within the motor reserve network are associated with the individual's capacity to cope with PD-related pathologies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hang-Rai Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Zhi Y, Wang M, Yuan YS, Shen YT, Ma KW, Gan CT, Si QQ, Wang LN, Cao SW, Zhang KZ. The increased gray matter volumes of precentral gyri in Parkinson's disease patients with diphasic dyskinesia. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9661-9671. [PMID: 31699957 PMCID: PMC6874449 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal dopaminergic modulation of the cortico-basal ganglia motor loops results in the emergence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). We focused on alterations in the gray matter (GM) volume and the cortical thickness of the brain, especially in cortico-basal ganglia motor loops, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with diphasic dyskinesia. 48 PD patients with diphasic dyskinesia, 60 PD patients without dyskinesia and 48 healthy controls (HC) were included. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to get GM images from MRI brain images. FreeSurfer was used to get cortical thickness. Distinct analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and linear contrasts were performed for early- and late-onset PD groups. The severity of diphasic dyskinesia was evaluated by the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS). Finally, the correlations between mean volumes of clusters showing differences and the UDysRS scores were performed by Pearson’s correlation. The GM volumes of precentral gyri were increased in PD patients with diphasic dyskinesia when compared with those without dyskinesia, which were positively correlated with UDysRS scores in PD patients with diphasic dyskinesia. However, there was no significant difference in cortical thickness among groups. The increased precentral gyri GM volumes might be associated with the pathogenesis and the severity of diphasic dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Ke-Wei Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Cai-Ting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Qian-Qian Si
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Ke-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
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16
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Yoo HS, Choi YH, Chung SJ, Lee YH, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee JM, Lee PH. Cerebellar connectivity in Parkinson's disease with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2251-2260. [PMID: 31643140 PMCID: PMC6856615 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The precise pathogenesis or neural correlates underlying levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains poorly understood. There is growing evidence of the involvement of the cerebellum in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study evaluated the role of motor cerebellar connectivity in determining vulnerability to LID. METHODS We enrolled 25 de novo patients with PD who developed LID within 5 years of levodopa treatment, 26 propensity score-matched PD patients who had not developed LID, and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We performed a comparative analysis of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between the motor cerebellum and whole brain between the groups. RESULTS The patients with PD had increased FC bewteen the motor cerebellum and posterior cortical and cerebellar regions, while no gray matter regions had decreased FC with the motor cerebellum compared to the control participant. The patients with PD who were vulnerable to the development of LID had a significantly higher FC between the motor cerebellum lobule VIIIb and the left inferior frontal gyrus than those who were resistant to LID development. The connectivity of the motor cerebellum and left inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the latency from PD onset to the occurrence of LID. INTERPRETATION Increased FC between the motor cerebellum and left inferior frontal gyrus in de novo patients with PD could be an important determinant of vulnerability to LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Turco F, Canessa A, Olivieri C, Pozzi NG, Palmisano C, Arnulfo G, Marotta G, Volkmann J, Pezzoli G, Isaias IU. Cortical response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients with dyskinesias. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2362-2373. [PMID: 30117212 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are a common and disabling side effect of dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease, but their neural mechanisms in vivo are still poorly understood. Besides striatal pathology, the importance of cortical dysfunction has been increasingly recognized. The supplementary motor area in particular, may have a relevant role in dyskinesias onset given its involvement in endogenously generated actions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levodopa-related cortical excitability changes along with the emergence of levodopa-induced peak-of-dose dyskinesias in subjects with Parkinson's disease. Thirteen patients without dyskinesias and ten with dyskinesias received 200/50 mg fast-acting oral levodopa/benserazide following overnight withdrawal (12 hr) from their dopaminergic medication. We targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation to the supplementary motor area, ipsilateral to the most dopamine-depleted striatum defined with single-photon emission computed tomography with [123 I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane, and recorded transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials with high-density electroencephalography before and at 30, 60, and 180 min after levodopa/benserazide intake. Clinical improvement from levodopa/benserazide paralleled the increase in cortical excitability in both groups. Subjects with dyskinesias showed higher fluctuation of cortical excitability in comparison to non-dyskinetic patients, possibly reflecting dyskinetic movements. Together with endogenous brain oscillation, levodopa-related dynamics of brain state could influence the therapeutic response of neuromodulatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turco
- Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica (FERB Onlus), Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Canessa
- Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica (FERB Onlus), Milan, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Olivieri
- Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica (FERB Onlus), Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoló G Pozzi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg and Julius-Maximillian-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg and Julius-Maximillian-University, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, MBMC Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Arnulfo
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg and Julius-Maximillian-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg and Julius-Maximillian-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ioannis U Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg and Julius-Maximillian-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
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18
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Picazio S, Ponzo V, Caltagirone C, Brusa L, Koch G. Dysfunctional inhibitory control in Parkinson’s disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neurol 2018; 265:2088-2096. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Bonnì S, Ponzo V, Tramontano M, Martino Cinnera A, Caltagirone C, Koch G, Peppe A. Neurophysiological and clinical effects of blindfolded balance training (BBT) in Parkinson's disease patients: a preliminary study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 55:176-182. [PMID: 29745627 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that rehabilitative strategies based on sensorimotor stimulation in the neurorehabilitation of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be useful to improve gait in PD patients. AIM We supposed that sensorimotor stimulation produces modulation of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) arising from the supplementary motor area (SMA). We aimed to investigate the clinical and neurophysiological effects of a blindfolded balance training (BBT). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Italian hospital. POPULATION Sixteen PD patients. METHODS The patients were randomized in two groups, one group treated with two-weeks BBT and one group treated with two-weeks of physical therapy (PT). We assessed gait parameters (swing, stance, double stance phase of cycle gait) and neurophysiological measurement (functional connectivity between SMA and motor area M1) before and after treatments. RESULTS We found a decrease of stance and double stance phase and increase of swing phase respect to gait cycle, in BBT group compared to PT group, paralleled by a selective modulation in functional connectivity between M1 and SMA for BBT group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that BBT represents a complementary rehabilitative strategy, based on visual deprivation and proprioceptive perturbation in recovery of gait in PD patients, in short time window, likely involving vestibular system and its connections with motor areas. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The use of vestibular system stimulation, involving SMA-M1 circuits, may be useful to improve gait control in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bonnì
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation and Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy -
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation and Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tramontano
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Alex Martino Cinnera
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation and Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation and Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy.,Stroke Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Peppe
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
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20
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Rajan R, Popa T, Quartarone A, Ghilardi MF, Kishore A. Cortical plasticity and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Connecting the dots in a multicomponent network. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:992-999. [PMID: 28454042 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are motor complications following long term dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Impaired brain plasticity resulting in the creation of aberrant motor maps intended to encode normal voluntary movement is proposed to result in the development of dyskinesias. Traditionally, the various nodes in the motor network like the striato-cortical and the cerebello-thalamic loops were thought to function independent of each other with little communication among them. Anatomical evidence from primates revealed the existence of reciprocal loops between the basal ganglia and the cerebellum providing an anatomical basis for communication between the motor network loops. Dyskinetic PD patients reveal impaired brain plasticity within the motor cortex which may be modulated by cortico-cortical, cerebello-cortical or striato-cortical connections. In this article, we review the evidence for altered plasticity in the multicomponent motor network in the context of levodopa induced dyskinesias in PD. Current evidence suggests a pivotal role for the cerebellum in the larger motor network with the ability to integrate sensorimotor information and independently influence multiple nodes in this network. Targeting the cerebellum seems to be a justified approach for future interventions aimed at attenuating levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Rajan
- Comprehensive Care Center for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India.
| | - Traian Popa
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Via Palermo, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Center for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India.
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