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Maran JJ, Adesina MM, Green CR, Kwakowsky A, Mugisho OO. The central role of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases in the eye and the brain. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101954. [PMID: 37187367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With increasing age, structural changes occur in the eye and brain. Neuronal death, inflammation, vascular disruption, and microglial activation are among many of the pathological changes that can occur during ageing. Furthermore, ageing individuals are at increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases in these organs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although these diseases pose a significant global public health burden, current treatment options focus on slowing disease progression and symptomatic control rather than targeting underlying causes. Interestingly, recent investigations have proposed an analogous aetiology between age-related diseases in the eye and brain, where a process of chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated. Studies have suggested that patients with AD or PD are also associated with an increased risk of AMD, glaucoma, and cataracts. Moreover, pathognomonic amyloid-β and α-synuclein aggregates, which accumulate in AD and PD, respectively, can be found in ocular parenchyma. In terms of a common molecular pathway that underpins these diseases, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is thought to play a vital role in the manifestation of all these diseases. This review summarises the current evidence regarding cellular and molecular changes in the brain and eye with age, similarities between ocular and cerebral age-related diseases, and the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a critical mediator of disease propagation in the eye and the brain during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Maran
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Moradeke M Adesina
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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2
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Narrative Review Concerning the Clinical Spectrum of Ophthalmological Impairments in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol Int 2023; 15:140-161. [PMID: 36810467 PMCID: PMC9944508 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic non-motor impairments are common in Parkinson's disease patients, from the onset of the neurodegenerative disease and even prior to the development of motor symptoms. This is a very crucial component of the potential for early detection of this disease, even in its earliest stages. Since the ophthalmological disease is extensive and impacts all extraocular and intraocular components of the optical analyzer, a competent assessment of it would be beneficial for the patients. Because the retina is an extension of the nervous system and has the same embryonic genesis as the central nervous system, it is helpful to investigate the retinal changes in Parkinson's disease in order to hypothesize insights that may also be applicable to the brain. As a consequence, the detection of these symptoms and signs may improve the medical evaluation of PD and predict the illness' prognosis. Another valuable aspect of this pathology is the fact that the ophthalmological damage contributes significantly to the decrease in the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. We provide an overview of the most significant ophthalmologic impairments associated with Parkinson's disease. These results certainly constitute a large number of the prevalent visual impairments experienced by PD patients.
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Malik A, Khan JM, Alhomida AS, Ola MS. Modulation of the Structure and Stability of Novel Camel Lens Alpha-Crystallin by pH and Thermal Stress. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050273. [PMID: 35621572 PMCID: PMC9140948 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-crystallin protein performs structural and chaperone functions in the lens and comprises alphaA and alphaB subunits at a molar ratio of 3:1. The highly complex alpha-crystallin structure challenges structural biologists because of its large dynamic quaternary structure (300−1000 kDa). Camel lens alpha-crystallin is a poorly characterized molecular chaperone, and the alphaB subunit possesses a novel extension at the N-terminal domain. We purified camel lens alpha-crystallin using size exclusion chromatography, and the purity was analyzed by gradient (4−12%) sodium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alpha-crystallin was equilibrated in the pH range of 1.0 to 7.5. Subsequently, thermal stress (20−94 °C) was applied to the alpha-crystallin samples, and changes in the conformation and stability were recorded by dynamic multimode spectroscopy and intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Camel lens alpha-crystallin formed a random coil-like structure without losing its native-like beta-sheeted structure under two conditions: >50 °C at pH 7.5 and all temperatures at pH 2.0. The calculated enthalpy of denaturation, as determined by dynamic multimode spectroscopy at pH 7.5, 4.0, 2.0, and 1.0 revealed that alpha-crystallin never completely denatures under acidic conditions or thermal denaturation. Alpha-crystallin undergoes a single, reversible thermal transition at pH 7.5. The thermodynamic data (unfolding enthalpy and heat capacity change) and chaperone activities indicated that alpha-crystallin does not completely unfold above the thermal transition. Camels adapted to live in hot desert climates naturally exhibit the abovementioned unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.S.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.S.O.)
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Borm CDJM, Werkmann M, de Graaf D, Visser F, Hofer A, Peball M, Smilowska K, Putz D, Seppi K, Poewe W, Hoyng C, Bloem BR, Theelen T, de Vries NM. Undetected ophthalmological disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2022; 269:3821-3832. [PMID: 35262759 PMCID: PMC9217779 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ophthalmological disorders are common and frequently disabling for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, details on the prevalence, severity and impact of ophthalmological disorders thus far lacking. We aimed to identify PD patients with undetected ophthalmological disorders in a large cross-sectional, observational study. Methods We previously delivered a screening questionnaire to detect ophthalmological symptoms (Visual impairment in PD questionnaire; VIPD-Q) to 848 patients. Here, we report on a subgroup of 102 patients who received complete ophthalmological assessment aimed at identifying clinically relevant ophthalmological diseases, which were classified as either vison-threatening or not. Impact on daily life functioning was measured using the visual functioning-25 questionnaire (VFQ-25) and fall frequency. Results Almost all patients (92%) had one or more clinically relevant ophthalmological disorders. Of those, 77% had a potentially vision-threatening disease, while 34% had a potentially treatable ophthalmological disease which impacted on quality of life. The most prevalent ophthalmological disorders were dry eyes (86%), ocular misalignment (50%) and convergence insufficiency (41%). We found a weak but significant association between clinically relevant ophthalmological diseases and both fall frequency (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.037) and VFQ-25 score (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.02). The VIPD-Q could not correctly identify patients with relevant ophthalmological disorders. Conclusions Surprisingly, in our study sample, many participants manifested previously undetected ophthalmological diseases, most of which threatened vision, impacted on daily life functioning and were amenable to treatment. Screening for these ophthalmological disorders using a questionnaire asking about symptoms seems insufficient. Instead, episodic ophthalmological assessments should be considered for PD patients, aiming to identify vision-threatening yet treatable diseases. Trial registration Dutch Trial Registration, NL7421. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11014-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn D J M Borm
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mario Werkmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Debbie de Graaf
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Visser
- Department of Neurology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Peball
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Smilowska
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Putz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carel Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Theelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yue Y, Tian T. Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? Front Neurosci 2022; 15:799526. [PMID: 35185448 PMCID: PMC8854654 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.799526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with motor and non-motor symptoms associated with two main pathological hallmarks, including the deterioration of dopaminergic cells and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Yet, PD is a neurodegenerative process whose origin is uncertain and progression difficult to monitor and predict. Currently, a possibility is that PD may be secondary to long lasting peripheral affectations. In this regard, it has been shown that retinal degeneration is present in PD patients. Although it is unknown if retinal degeneration precedes PD motor symptoms, the possibility exists since degeneration of peripheral organs (e.g., olfaction, gut) have already been proven to antedate PD motor symptoms. In this paper, we explore this possibility by introducing the anatomical and functional relationship of retina and brain and providing an overview of the physiopathological changes of retinal structure and visual function in PD. On the basis of the current status of visual deficits in individuals with PD, we discuss the modalities and pathological mechanism of visual function or morphological changes in the retina and focus on the correlation between visual impairment and some representative structural features with clinical significance. To consider retinal degeneration as a contributor to PD origin and progress is important because PD evolution may be monitored and predicted by retinal studies through state-of-the-art techniques of the retina. It is significant to integrally understand the role of retinal morphological and functional changes in the neurodegenerative process for the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhua Yue
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhua Yue,
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tian Tian,
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Wilson D, Hallett M, Anderson T. An Eye on Movement Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:1168-1180. [PMID: 34765682 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye disorders spanning a range of ocular tissue are common in patients with movement disorders. Highlighting these ocular manifestations will benefit patients and may even aid in diagnosis. In this educational review we outline the anatomy and function of the ocular tissues with a focus on the tissues most affected in movement disorders. We review the movement disorders associated with ocular pathology and where possible explore the underlying cellular basis thought to be driving the pathology and provide a brief overview of ophthalmic investigations available to the neurologist. This review does not cover intracranial primary visual pathways, higher visual function, or the ocular motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Wilson
- Department of Neurology Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand.,New Zealand Brain Research Institute Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Tim Anderson
- Department of Neurology Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand.,New Zealand Brain Research Institute Christchurch New Zealand.,Department of Medicine Otago University Dunedin New Zealand
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Cerebral Organoids Derived from a Parkinson's Patient Exhibit Unique Pathogenesis from Chikungunya Virus Infection When Compared to a Non-Parkinson's Patient. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070913. [PMID: 34358063 PMCID: PMC8308834 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Arboviruses of medical and veterinary significance have been identified on all seven continents, with every human and animal population at risk for exposure. Like arboviruses, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are found wherever there are humans. Significant differences in baseline gene and protein expression have been determined between human-induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from non-Parkinson’s disease individuals and from individuals with Parkinson’s disease. It was hypothesized that these inherent differences could impact cerebral organoid responses to viral infection. (2) Methods: In this study, cerebral organoids from a non-Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s patient were infected with Chikungunya virus and observed for two weeks. (3) Results: Parkinson’s organoids lost mass and exhibited a differential antiviral response different from non-Parkinson’s organoids. Neurotransmission data from both infected non-Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s organoids had dysregulation of IL-1, IL-10, and IL-6. These cytokines are associated with mood and could be contributing to persistent depression seen in patients following CHIKV infection. Both organoid types had increased expression of CXCL10, which is linked to demyelination. (4) Conclusions: The differential antiviral response of Parkinson’s organoids compared with non-Parkinson’s organoids highlights the need for more research in neurotropic infections in a neurologically compromised host.
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Lal V, Mehta S, Takkar A, Ray S. Ophthalmological findings in movement disorders. ANNALS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aomd.aomd_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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Malik A, Almaharfi HA, Khan JM, Hisamuddin M, Alamery SF, Haq SH, Ahmed MZ. Protection of ζ-crystallin by α-crystallin under thermal stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:289-298. [PMID: 33278428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Several factors including post-translational modification, thermal and solar radiations promote cataractogenesis. The camel lens proteins survive very harsh desert conditions and resist cataractogenesis. The folding and aggregation mechanism of camel lens proteins are poorly characterized. The camel lens contains three ubiquitous crystallins (α-, β-, and γ-crystallin) and a novel protein (ζ-crystallin) in large amounts. In this study, a sequence similarity search of camel α-crystallin with that of other organisms showed that the camel αB-crystallin consists of an extended N-terminal domain. Our results indicate that camel α-crystallin efficiently prevented aggregation of ζ-crystallin, with or without an obligate cofactor up to 89 °C. It performed a quick and efficient holdase function irrespective of the unfolding stage or aggregation. Camel α-crystallin exhibits approximately 20% chaperone activity between 30 and 40 °C and is completely activated above 40 °C. Camel α-crystallin underwent a single reversible thermal transition without loss of β-sheet secondary structure. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and ANS binding experiments revealed two transitions which corresponded to activation of its chaperone function. In contrast to earlier studies, camel α-crystallin completely protected lens proteins during thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Ahmed Almaharfi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Hisamuddin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Freeh Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samina Hyder Haq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Pavlenko TA, Chesnokova NB, Nodel MR, Kim AR, Ugrumov MV. Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations of Catecholamine Dysfunction in the Eye in Parkinson's Disease As a Basis for Developing Early Diagnosis. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:52-62. [PMID: 32742727 PMCID: PMC7385097 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides information on the non-motor peripheral manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with a pathology of the visual analyzer and the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. The relationship between neurodegenerative processes that take place in the brain and in the eye opens new prospects to use preventive ophthalmologic examination to diagnose PD long before the characteristic motor symptoms appear. This will encourage the use of neuroprotective therapy, which stops, or at least slows down, neuronal death, instead of the current replacement therapy with dopamine agonists. An important result of an eye examination of patients with PD may be a non-invasive identification of new peripheral biomarkers manifesting themselves as changes in the composition of the lacrimal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Pavlenko
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062 Russia
| | - N. B. Chesnokova
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062 Russia
| | - M. R. Nodel
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Moscow, 129226 Russia
| | - A. R. Kim
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - M. V. Ugrumov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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Borm CDJM, Visser F, Werkmann M, de Graaf D, Putz D, Seppi K, Poewe W, Vlaar AMM, Hoyng C, Bloem BR, Theelen T, de Vries NM. Seeing ophthalmologic problems in Parkinson disease: Results of a visual impairment questionnaire. Neurology 2020; 94:e1539-e1547. [PMID: 32161030 PMCID: PMC7251522 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and clinical effect of ophthalmologic symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), compared with controls, using a standardized questionnaire. Methods In this observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study, 848 patients with PD and 250 healthy controls completed the Visual Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (VIPD-Q). The VIPD-Q addressed 4 domains according to structures: (1) ocular surface; (2) intraocular; (3) oculomotor; and (4) optic nerve. The questionnaire also assessed the effect of ophthalmologic symptoms on daily activities. Results One or more ophthalmologic symptoms were reported by 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80–85) of patients, compared with 48% (95% CI, 42–54) of controls (p < 0.001). Patients with PD experienced more ophthalmologic symptoms across all domains than controls (p < 0.001), as reflected by a higher VIPD-Q total score among patients (median 10 [interquartile range (IQR) 13]) than controls (median 2 [IQR 5]; p < 0.001). Ophthalmologic symptoms interfered with daily activities in 68% (95% CI, 65–71) of patients, compared with 35% (95% CI, 29–41) of controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with PD have a higher prevalence of ophthalmologic symptoms than controls. Moreover, these frequently interfere with daily activities. A screening questionnaire such as the VIPD-Q may help with identifying ophthalmologic symptoms in PD, thereby enabling more timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn D J M Borm
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Femke Visser
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Werkmann
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Debbie de Graaf
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Diana Putz
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annemarie M M Vlaar
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carel Hoyng
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Theelen
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nienke M de Vries
- From Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (C.D.J.M.B., D.d.G., B.R.B., N.M.d.V.), and Department of Ophthalmology (C.H., T.T.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (F.V., A.M.M.V.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Departments of Neurology (M.W., K.S., W.P.) and Ophthalmology (D.P.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
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Schaeffer E, Postuma RB, Berg D. Prodromal PD: A new nosological entity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:331-356. [PMID: 32247370 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have brought a rapid growth in knowledge of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now clear that the clinical phase of PD is preceded by a phase of progressing neurodegeneration lasting many years. This involves not only central nervous system structures outside the substantia nigra and neurotransmitter systems other than the dopaminergic system, but also the peripheral nervous systems. Different ways of alpha-synuclein spreading are presumed, corresponding to typical prodromal non-motor symptoms like constipation, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and hyposmia. Moreover, many risk and prodromal markers have been identified and combined in the prodromal research criteria, which can be used to calculate an individual's probability of being in the prodromal phase of PD. Apart from specific genetic risk markers, including most importantly GBA- and LRRK2 mutations, RBD is currently the most important prodromal marker, predicting PD with a very high likelihood. This makes individuals with RBD a promising cohort for future clinical trials to detect and treat PD in its prodromal phase. New markers, especially those derived from tissue biopsies, quantitative motor assessment and imaging, appear very promising; these are paving the way for a better understanding of the prodromal phase and its potential clinicopathological subtypes, and a more precise probability calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Diplopia in Parkinson’s disease: visual illusion or oculomotor impairment? J Neurol 2019; 266:2457-2464. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Guo L, Normando EM, Shah PA, De Groef L, Cordeiro MF. Oculo-visual abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: Possible value as biomarkers. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1390-1406. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology; University College London; London UK
| | - Eduardo M. Normando
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology; University College London; London UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust; London UK
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Parth Arvind Shah
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology; University College London; London UK
| | - Lies De Groef
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology; University College London; London UK
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology; University College London; London UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust; London UK
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London; London UK
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15
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Ortuño-Lizarán I, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Walker DG, Adler CH, Cuenca N. Phosphorylated α-synuclein in the retina is a biomarker of Parkinson's disease pathology severity. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1315-1324. [PMID: 29737566 PMCID: PMC6146055 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD patients often have visual alterations, for example, loss of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity or motion perception, and diminished electroretinogram responses. PD pathology is mainly characterized by the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein deposits in the brain, but little is known about how synucleinopathy affects the retina. OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between α-synuclein deposits in the retina and brain of autopsied subjects with PD and incidental Lewy body disease. METHODS We evaluated the presence of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the retina of autopsied subjects with PD (9 subjects), incidental Lewy body disease (4 subjects), and controls (6 subjects) by immunohistochemistry and compared the retinal synucleinopathy with brain disease severity indicators. RESULTS Whereas controls did not show any phosphorylated α-synuclein immunoreactivity in their retina, all PD subjects and 3 of 4 incidental Lewy body disease subjects had phosphorylated α-synuclein deposits in ganglion cell perikarya, dendrites, and axons, some of them resembling brain Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. The Lewy-type synucleinopathy density in the retina significantly correlated with Lewy-type synucleinopathy density in the brain, with the Unified Parkinson's disease pathology stage and with the motor UPDRS. CONCLUSION These data suggest that phosphorylated α-synuclein accumulates in the retina in parallel with that in the brain, including in early stages preceding development of clinical signs of parkinsonism or dementia. Therefore, the retina may provide an in vivo indicator of brain pathology severity, and its detection could help in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
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16
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Si X, Pu J, Zhang B. Structure, Distribution, and Genetic Profile of α-Synuclein and Their Potential Clinical Application in Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2017; 10:69-79. [PMID: 28479587 PMCID: PMC5435834 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, is characterized by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. PD leads to a series of clinical symptoms, including motor and non-motor disturbances. α-synuclein, the major component of Lewy bodies, is a hallmark lesion in PD. In this review, we concentrate on presenting the latest research on the structure, distribution, and function of α-synuclein, and its interactions with PD. We also summarize the clinic applications of α-synuclein, which suggest its use as a biomarker, and the latest progress in α-synuclein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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R
eduction of
GAPDH
in lenses of
P
arkinson's disease patients:
A
possible new biomarker. Mov Disord 2016; 32:459-462. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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