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Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the genus artemisia. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:439-474. [PMID: 33893998 PMCID: PMC8067791 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia and its allied species have been employed for conventional medicine in the Northern temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia for the treatments of digestive problems, morning sickness, irregular menstrual cycle, typhoid, epilepsy, renal problems, bronchitis malaria, etc. The multidisciplinary use of artemisia species has various other health benefits that are related to its traditional and modern pharmaceutical perspectives. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the traditional, modern, biological as well as pharmacological use of the essential oil and herbal extracts of Artemisia nilagirica, Artemisia parviflora, and other allied species of Artemisia. It also discusses the botanical circulation and its phytochemical constituents viz disaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The plants have different biological importance like antiparasitic, antimalarial, antihyperlipidemic, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, antiemetic, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, insecticidal, antiviral activities, and also against COVID-19. Toxicological studies showed that the plants at a low dose and short duration are non or low-toxic. In contrast, a high dose at 3 g/kg and for a longer duration can cause toxicity like rapid respiration, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medicinal uses, clinical efficacy and safety are crucial next steps.
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Diop EA, Jacquat J, Drouin N, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Diop T, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Quantitative CE analysis of punicalagin in Combretum aculeatum extracts traditionally used in Senegal for the treatment of tuberculosis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2820-2827. [PMID: 31407800 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious bacterial disease, which most commonly affects the lungs. In the search for novel active compounds or medicines against tuberculosis, an ethnopharmacological survey combined with a host-pathogen assay has recently highlighted the potency of an aqueous extract of Combretum aculeatum. C. aculeatum is used in traditional medicine and has demonstrated a significant in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Punicalagin, an ellagitannin, was isolated and found to be related to the biological activity of the extract. An analytical method for the evaluation of punicalagin in C. aculeatum was developed by capillary electrophoresis. After method optimization, the quantification of punicalagin was achieved for the evaluation of various plant extracts to determine the content of punicalagin related to the extraction modes and conditions, origin of the plant material, and harvesting period. The developed method demonstrated that the leaves presented the highest punicalagin content compared to the seeds and stems. A decoction of 30 min in boiling water was found to be the best extraction mode of C. aculeatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElHadji Assane Diop
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jenna Jacquat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Drouin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tahir Diop
- Biology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julie Schappler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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Martínez R, Zamudio GJN, Pretelin-Castillo G, Torres-Ochoa RO, Medina-Franco JL, Espitia Pinzón CI, Miranda MS, Hernández E, Alanís-Garza B. Synthesis and antitubercular activity of new N-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-(nitroheteroaryl)carboxamides. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNitro-substituted heteroaromatic carboxamides 1a-e were synthesized and tested against three Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell lines. The activities can be explained in terms of the distribution of the electronic density across the nitro-substituted heteroaromatic ring attached to the amide group. 1,3,5-Oxadiazole derivatives 1c-e are candidates for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Ongoing studies are focused on exploring the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit M. tuberculosis cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd. México, México
| | - Gladys J. Nieves Zamudio
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd. México, México
| | - Gustavo Pretelin-Castillo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd. México, México
| | - Rubén O. Torres-Ochoa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd. México, México
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad3000, 04510Cd. México, México
| | - Clara I. Espitia Pinzón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd. México, México
| | - Mayra Silva Miranda
- Catedrática CONACYT adscrita al Insituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd. México, México
| | - Eugenio Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66400 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Blanca Alanís-Garza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero s/n Col. Mitras Centro. Monterrey, N. L. MéxicoC. P. 64460
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Nair SS, Gaikwad SS, Kulkarni SP, Mukne AP. Allium sativum Constituents Exhibit Anti-tubercular Activity In vitro and in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S209-S215. [PMID: 28808382 PMCID: PMC5538156 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_435_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long duration of treatment, side-effects of currently used anti-tubercular drugs and emergence of drug-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) warrants the need to develop new drugs to tackle the scourge of tuberculosis (TB). Garlic is an edible plant reported to have anti-tubercular activity. However, previous researches on anti-tubercular effect of garlic were focused mostly on preliminary in vitro screening. Objective: To identify constituents responsible for anti-tubercular activity of thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of garlic (GE) and to evaluate activity of the most active constituent in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MTBH). Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have isolated eight compounds from GE by flash chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Individual isolates and GE were screened for activity against MTBH by Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay (REMA). Results: Anti-tubercular activity of GE was superior to that of isolates when evaluated by REMA, possibly due to synergism amongst the constituents of GE. Cytotoxicity of GE was evaluated in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and it was observed that GE had a favorable selectivity index (>10). Therefore, anti-tubercular activity of GE was further evaluated by intracellular macrophage infection model. GE demonstrated concentration-dependent activity in macrophages infected with MTBH. Conclusion: This is the first report on intracellular anti-tubercular activity of any extract of garlic or its components. Appreciable intracellular anti-tubercular activity of GE in macrophages combined with low cytotoxicity makes it a suitable candidate for further development as an anti-tubercular agent. SUMMARY Thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of Allium sativum showed better activity than its isolated constituents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.(MTBH) when evaluated by Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay The extract showed least cytotoxic potential against RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells as compared to rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol when evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The extract had an appreciable selectivity index Extract showed appreciable activity in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells infected with MTBH, indicating its potential to be developed further as an anti-tubercular agent that can be administered as an adjunct to the existing anti-tubercular drug regimen.
Abbreviations used: TB: Tuberculosis, MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTBH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, GE: Thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of garlic, REMA: Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay, VD: Vinyldithiin, CFU: Colony forming unit, 1H NMR: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, FT-IR: Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, LC-MS: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, IC50: Concentration required to inhibit the cells by 50%, ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna S Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujay S Gaikwad
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annex, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita P Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annex, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Pravin Mukne
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
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HPLC analysis and antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and antiviral activities of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zheng Y, Jiang X, Gao F, Song J, Sun J, Wang L, Sun X, Lu Z, Zhang H. Identification of plant-derived natural products as potential inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:400. [PMID: 25315519 PMCID: PMC4203866 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteasome has been established as a viable target for the development of anti-tuberculosis agents. In this study, the inhibitory activities of 100 plant-derived natural products on the Mtb proteasome were analyzed to identify novel potential inhibitors. Methods The fluorescent substrate Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC can be hydrolyzed by the proteasome to release free AMC, the fluorescence of which is proportional to the proteasome activity. The inhibitory activities of 100 natural products (each at a final concentration of 200 μM) were detected by this method using MG132 as a positive control. Results Twelve of these natural products (10 of which were flavonoids) inhibited the activity of the Mtb proteasome by more than 65%. Comparison of the structural differences between the flavonoids with good inhibitory activity and those without inhibitory activity revealed that the hydroxyl at the flavonoid C ring C-3 or the hydroxyl/methoxyl at the flavonoid A ring C-6 were critical for the inhibition of proteasomal activity. Conclusions These data indicate that flavonoids represent a basis for rational structural design in the process of novel anti-tuberculosis drug discovery.
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Feng L, Maddox MM, Alam MZ, Tsutsumi LS, Narula G, Bruhn DF, Wu X, Sandhaus S, Lee RB, Simmons CJ, Tse-Dinh YC, Hurdle JG, Lee RE, Sun D. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and antibacterial evaluation of 4-chromanones and chalcones, as well as olympicin A and derivatives. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8398-420. [PMID: 25238443 PMCID: PMC4207537 DOI: 10.1021/jm500853v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
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On
the basis of recently reported abyssinone II and olympicin A, a series
of chemically modified flavonoid phytochemicals were synthesized and
evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
a panel of Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens. Some of
the synthesized compounds exhibited good antibacterial activities
against Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration
as low as 0.39 μg/mL. SAR analysis revealed that the 2-hydrophobic
substituent and the 4-hydrogen bond donor/acceptor of the 4-chromanone
scaffold together with the hydroxy groups at 5- and 7-positions enhanced
antibacterial activities; the 2′,4′-dihydroxylated A
ring and the lipophilic substituted B ring of chalcone derivatives
were pharmacophoric elements for antibacterial activities. Mode of
action studies performed on selected compounds revealed that they
dissipated the bacterial membrane potential, resulting in the inhibition
of macromolecular biosynthesis; further studies showed that selected
compounds inhibited DNA topoisomerase IV, suggesting complex mechanisms
of actions for compounds in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo , 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
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Gupta P, Bhatter P, D’souza D, Tolani M, Daswani P, Tetali P, Birdi T. Evaluating the anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. axenically under reducing oxygen conditions and in intracellular assays. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:84. [PMID: 24592852 PMCID: PMC3946111 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background In tuberculosis (TB), the steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing drugs and latent TB continue to be major concerns. A combination of conventional drugs and plant derived therapeutics can serve to expand the antimicrobial spectrum, prevent the emergence of drug resistant mutants and minimize toxicity. Alpinia galanga, used in various traditional medicines, possesses broad spectrum antibacterial properties. The study was undertaken to assess the antimycobacterial potential of A. galanga in axenic (under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) and intracellular assays. Methods Phytochemical analysis was done using HPTLC. The acetone, aqueous and ethanolic extracts (1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) of A. galanga were tested axenically using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv and three drug sensitive and three multi drug resistant clinical isolates. The activity of the extracts was also evaluated intracellularly in A549 cell line against these strains. The extracts active under intracellular conditions were further tested in an axenic setup under reducing oxygen concentrations using only H37Rv. Results 1´ acetoxychavicol acetate, the reference standard used, was present in all the three extracts. The acetone and ethanolic extracts were active in axenic (aerobic and anaerobic) and intracellular assays. The aqueous extract did not demonstrate activity under the defined assay parameters. Conclusion A. galanga exhibits anti M.tb activity with multiple modes of action. Since the activity of the extracts was observed under reducing oxygen concentrations, it may be effective in treating the dormant and non-replicating bacteria of latent TB. Though the hypothesis needs further testing, A. galanga being a regular dietary component may be utilized in combination with the conventional TB therapy for enhanced efficacy.
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Sun D, Hurdle JG, Lee R, Lee R, Cushman M, Pezzuto JM. Evaluation of flavonoid and resveratrol chemical libraries reveals abyssinone II as a promising antibacterial lead. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1541-5. [PMID: 22847956 PMCID: PMC3516920 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead on! In the course of screening flavonoid and resveratrol libraries, abyssinone II, a naturally occurring prenylated flavonoid, was found to exhibit relatively good antitubercular and antibacterial activity. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that abyssinone II hyperpolarizes the bacterial membrane potential and inhibits the biosynthesis of key cellular macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
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Synergistic Antimycobacterial Actions of Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f) Sims. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:808979. [PMID: 22611433 PMCID: PMC3352337 DOI: 10.1155/2012/808979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Euclea natalensis A.DC., Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f) Sims, and Pelargonium sidoides DC. are South African plants traditionally used to treat tuberculosis. Extracts from these plants were used in combination with isoniazid (INH) to investigate the possibility of synergy with respect to antimycobacterial activity. The ethanol extract of K. vesicatoria was subjected to fractionation to identify the active compounds. The activity of the Knowltonia extract remained superior to the fractions with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625.0 μg/mL against Mycobacterium smegmatis and an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis. The K. vesicatoria extract was tested against two different drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, which resulted in an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL on both strains. The combination of K. vesicatoria with INH exhibited the best synergistic antimycobacterial activity with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.25 (a combined concentration of 6.28 μg/mL). A fifty percent inhibitory concentration of this combination against U937 cells was 121.0 μg/mL. Two compounds, stigmasta-5,23-dien-3-ol (1) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one (2), were isolated from K. vesicatoria as the first report of isolation for both compounds from this plant and the first report of antimycobacterial activity. Compound (1) was active against drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis with an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL.
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