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Arese M, Mahmoudian M, Bussolino F. RNA aptamer-mediated gene therapy of prostate cancer: lessons from the past and future directions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1609-1621. [PMID: 38058168 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2292691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world, and the fifth cause of death from cancer in men. Among the non-surgical treatments for PCa, gene therapy strategies are in the early stages of development and recent clinical trials have provided new insights suggesting promising future. AREAS COVERED Recently, the creation of targeted gene delivery systems, based on specific PCa cell surface markers, has been viewed as a viable therapeutic approach. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is vastly expressed in nearly all prostate malignancies, and the intensity of expression increases with tumor aggressiveness, androgen independence, and metastasis. RNA aptamers are short and single-stranded oligonucleotides, which selectively bind to a specific ligand on the surface of the cells, which makes them fascinating small molecules for target delivery of therapeutics. PSMA-selective RNA aptamers represent great potential for developing targeted-gene delivery tools for PCa. EXPERT OPINION This review provides a thorough horizon for the researchers interested in developing targeted gene delivery systems for PCa via PSMA RNA aptamers. In addition, we provided general information about different prospects of RNA aptamers including discovery approaches, stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Arese
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudian
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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2
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de la Calle CM, Shee K, Yang H, Lonergan PE, Nguyen HG. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:708-726. [PMID: 36168057 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to proliferate in unfavourable conditions, cancer cells can take advantage of the naturally occurring endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) via three highly conserved signalling arms: IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. All three arms of the UPR have key roles in every step of tumour progression: from cancer initiation to tumour growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy. At present, no cure for metastatic prostate cancer exists, as targeting the androgen receptor eventually results in treatment resistance. New research has uncovered an important role for the UPR in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and crosstalk between the UPR and androgen receptor signalling pathways. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, targetable points of vulnerability can be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M de la Calle
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Shee
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heiko Yang
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Lonergan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hao G Nguyen
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Pereira S, Ma G, Na L, Hudoklin S, Kreft ME, Kostevsek N, Al-Jamal WT. Encapsulation of doxorubicin prodrug in heat-triggered liposomes overcomes off-target activation for advanced prostate cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:530-546. [PMID: 34954416 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
L-377,202 prodrug consists of doxorubicin (Dox) conjugated to a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) peptide substrate that can be cleaved by enzymatically active PSA at the tumor site. Despite the initial promise in phase I trial, further testing of L-377,202 (herein called Dox-PSA) was ceased due to some degree of non-specific activation and toxicity concerns. To improve safety of Dox-PSA, we encapsulated it into low temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSL) to bypass systemic activation, while maintaining its biological activity upon controlled release in response to mild hyperthermia (HT). A time-dependent accumulation of activated prodrug in the nuclei of PSA-expressing cells exposed to mild HT was observed, showing that Dox-PSA was efficiently released from the LTSL, cleaved by PSA and entering the cell nucleus as free Dox. Furthermore, we have shown that Dox-PSA loading in LTSL can block its biological activity at 37°C, while the combination with mild HT resulted in augmented cytotoxicity in both 2D and 3D PC models compared to the free Dox-PSA. More importantly, Dox-PSA encapsulation in LTSL prolonged its blood circulation and reduced Dox accumulation in the heart of C4-2B tumor-bearing mice over the free Dox-PSA, thus significantly improving Dox-PSA therapeutic window. Finally, Dox-PSA-loaded LTSL combined with HT significantly delayed tumor growth at a similar rate as mice treated with free Dox-PSA in both solid and metastatic PC tumor models. This indicates this strategy could block the systemic cleavage of Dox-PSA without reducing its efficacy in vivo, which could represent a safer option to treat patients with locally advanced PC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigates a new tactic to tackle non-specific cleavage of doxorubicin PSA-activatable prodrug (L-377,202) to treat advanced prostate cancer. In the present study, we report a nanoparticle-based approach to overcome the non-specific activation of L-377,202 in the systemic circulation. This includes encapsulating Dox-PSA in low temperature-sensitive liposomes to prevent its premature hydrolysis and non-specific cleavage. This class of liposomes offers payload protection against degradation in plasma, improved pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting, and an efficient and controlled drug release triggered by mild hyperthermia (HT) (∼42°C). We believe that this strategy holds great promise in bypassing any systemic toxicity concerns that could arise from the premature activation of the prodrug whilst simultaneously being able to control the spatiotemporal context of Dox-PSA cleavage and metabolism.
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Wang F, Li Z, Feng X, Yang D, Lin M. Advances in PSMA-targeted therapy for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:11-26. [PMID: 34050265 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane glycoprotein located on the cell membrane, is specifically and highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa). Besides, its expression level is related to tumor invasiveness. As a molecular target of PCa, PSMA has been extensively studied in the past two decades. Currently, a great deal of evidence suggests that significant progresses have been made in the PSMA-targeted therapy of PCa. Herein, different PSMA-targeted therapies for PCa are reviewed, including radioligand therapy (177Lu-PSMA-RLT, 225Ac-PSMA-RLT), antibody-drug conjugates (MLN2704, PSMA-MMAE, MEDI3726), cellular immunotherapy (CAR-T, CAR/NK-92, PSMA-targeted BiTE), photodynamic therapy, imaging-guided surgery (radionuclide-guided surgery, fluorescence-guided surgery, multimodal imaging-guided surgery), and ultrasound-mediated nanobubble destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujin Wang
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Mei Lin
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Dually targeted bioinspired nanovesicle delays advanced prostate cancer tumour growth in vivo. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:559-575. [PMID: 34274531 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is second-leading cancer in men, with limited treatment options available for men with advanced and metastatic PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been exploited as therapeutic targets in PC due to their upregulation in the advanced stages of the disease. To date, several PSA- and PSMA-activatable prodrugs have been developed to reduce the systemic toxicity of existing chemotherapeutics. Bioinspired nanovesicles have been exploited in drug delivery, offering prolonged drug blood circulation and higher tumour accumulation. For the first time, this study describes the engineering of dually targeted PSA/PSMA nanovesicles for advanced PC. PSMA-targeted bioinspired hybrids were prepared by hydrating a lipid film with anti-PSMA-U937 cell membranes and DOX-PSA prodrug, followed by extrusion. The bioinspired hybrids were characterised using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Dot blot, flow cytometry and Western blot. Cellular binding and toxicity studies in PC cancer cell lines were carried out using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and resazurin assay. Finally, tumour targeting and therapeutic efficacy studies were performed in solid and metastatic C4-2B-tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, our PSMA-targeted hybrids demonstrated high cell uptake in PSMA-expressing cells with significant accumulation in solid and metastatic C4-2B tumour tissues following intravenous administration. More promisingly, our dually targeted PSA/PSMA hybrid significantly slowed down the C4-2B tumour growth in vivo, compared to free DOX-PSA and non-targeted PSA-hybrid. Our PSA/PSMA bioinspired hybrid could offer a highly selective treatment for advanced PC with lower side effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigates a new approach to treat prostate cancer using dually targeted bioinspired nanovesicle . Our bioinspired vesicles are made mainly of a human blood cell membrane with a ligand recognising a specific marker (PSMA) on the surface of the prostate cancer cells. The present work describes the successful loading of a doxorubicin prodrug linked to a PSA- activatable peptide into these targeted bioinspired nanovesicle , where the active PSA enzyme presents in these cells converts the drug to its active form. Our dually targeted PSA/PSMA hybrid vesicles has successfully improved site-specific prodrug delivery to tackle advanced prostate cancer, offering a novel and effective prostate cancer treatment.
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Wang M, Chen W, Chen J, Yuan S, Hu J, Han B, Huang Y, Zhou W. Abnormal saccharides affecting cancer multi-drug resistance (MDR) and the reversal strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113487. [PMID: 33933752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of multiple cancers. However, highly adaptable and activated survival signaling pathways of cancer cells readily emerge after long exposure to chemotherapeutics drugs, resulting in multi-drug resistance (MDR) and treatment failure. Recently, growing evidences indicate that the molecular action mechanisms of cancer MDR are closely associated with abnormalities in saccharides. In this review, saccharides affecting cancer MDR development are elaborated and analyzed in terms of aberrant aerobic glycolysis and its related enzymes, abnormal glycan structures and their associated enzymes, and glycoproteins. The reversal strategies including depletion of ATP, circumventing the original MDR pathway, activation by or inhibition of sugar-related enzymes, combination therapy with traditional cytotoxic agents, and direct modification on the sugar moiety, are ultimately proposed. It follows that abnormal saccharides have a significant effect on cancer MDR development, providing a new perspective for overcoming MDR and improving the outcome of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Production Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95, Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 41007, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China
| | - Sisi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Targeting Toxins toward Tumors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051292. [PMID: 33673582 PMCID: PMC7956858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer diseases, e.g., prostate cancer and lung cancer, develop very slowly. Common chemotherapeutics like vincristine, vinblastine and taxol target cancer cells in their proliferating states. In slowly developing cancer diseases only a minor part of the malignant cells will be in a proliferative state, and consequently these drugs will exert a concomitant damage on rapidly proliferating benign tissue as well. A number of toxins possess an ability to kill cells in all states independently of whether they are benign or malignant. Such toxins can only be used as chemotherapeutics if they can be targeted selectively against the tumors. Examples of such toxins are mertansine, calicheamicins and thapsigargins, which all kill cells at low micromolar or nanomolar concentrations. Advanced prodrug concepts enabling targeting of these toxins to cancer tissue comprise antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT), lectin-directed enzyme-activated prodrug therapy (LEAPT), and antibody-drug conjugated therapy (ADC), which will be discussed in the present review. The review also includes recent examples of protease-targeting chimera (PROTAC) for knockdown of receptors essential for development of tumors. In addition, targeting of toxins relying on tumor-overexpressed enzymes with unique substrate specificity will be mentioned.
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8
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Pagliaro L, Marchesini M, Roti G. Targeting oncogenic Notch signaling with SERCA inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33407740 PMCID: PMC7789735 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P-type ATPase inhibitors are among the most successful and widely prescribed therapeutics in modern pharmacology. Clinical transition has been safely achieved for H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors like digoxin. However, this is more challenging for Ca2+-ATPase modulators due to the physiological role of Ca2+ in cardiac dynamics. Over the past two decades, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) modulators have been studied as potential chemotherapy agents because of their Ca2+-mediated pan-cancer lethal effects. Instead, recent evidence suggests that SERCA inhibition suppresses oncogenic Notch1 signaling emerging as an alternative to γ-secretase modulators that showed limited clinical activity due to severe side effects. In this review, we focus on how SERCA inhibitors alter Notch1 signaling and show that Notch on-target-mediated antileukemia properties of these molecules can be achieved without causing overt Ca2+ cellular overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Marchesini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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Christensen SB, Simonsen HT, Engedal N, Nissen P, Møller JV, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. From Plant to Patient: Thapsigargin, a Tool for Understanding Natural Product Chemistry, Total Syntheses, Biosynthesis, Taxonomy, ATPases, Cell Death, and Drug Development. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:59-114. [PMID: 33797641 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thapsigargin, the first representative of the hexaoxygenated guaianolides, was isolated 40 years ago in order to understand the skin-irritant principles of the resin of the umbelliferous plant Thapsia garganica. The pronounced cytotoxicity of thapsigargin is caused by highly selective inhibition of the intracellular sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) situated on the membrane of the endo- or sarcoplasmic reticulum. Thapsigargin is selective to the SERCA pump and to a minor extent the secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+ ATPase (SPCA) pump. Thapsigargin has become a tool for investigation of the importance of SERCA in intracellular calcium homeostasis. In addition, complex formation of thapsigargin with SERCA has enabled crystallization and structure determination of calcium-free states by X-ray crystallography. These results led to descriptions of the mechanism of action and kinetic properties of SERCA and other ATPases. Inhibition of SERCA depletes Ca2+ from the sarco- and endoplasmic reticulum provoking the unfolded protein response, and thereby has enabled new studies on the mechanism of cell death. Development of protocols for selective transformation of thapsigargin disclosed the chemistry and facilitated total synthesis of the molecule. Conversion of trilobolide into thapsigargin offered an economically feasible sustainable source of thapsigargin, which enables a future drug production. Principles for prodrug development were used by conjugating a payload derived from thapsigargin with a hydrophilic peptide selectively cleaved by proteases in the tumor. Mipsagargin was developed in order to obtain a drug for treatment of cancer diseases characterized by the presence of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the neovascular tissue of the tumors. Even though mipsagargin showed interesting clinical effects the results did not encourage funding and consequently the attempt to register the drug has been abandoned. In spite of this disappointing fact, the research performed to develop the drug has resulted in important scientific discoveries concerning the chemistry, biosynthesis and biochemistry of sesquiterpene lactones, the mechanism of action of ATPases including SERCA, mechanisms for cell death caused by the unfolded protein response, and the use of prodrugs for cancer-targeting cytotoxins. The presence of toxins in only some species belonging to Thapsia also led to a major revision of the taxonomy of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Brøgger Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bld 223, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Vuust Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Bld 1182, Room 114, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, The Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, The Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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10
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Zhou J, Hou J, Rao J, Zhou C, Liu Y, Gao W. Magnetically Directed Enzyme/Prodrug Prostate Cancer Therapy Based on β-Glucosidase/Amygdalin. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4639-4657. [PMID: 32636623 PMCID: PMC7334483 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s242359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-Glucosidase (β-Glu) can activate amygdalin to kill prostate cancer cells, but the poor specificity of this killing effect may cause severe general toxicity in vivo, limiting the practical clinical application of this approach. Materials and Methods In this study, starch-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were successively conjugated with β-Glu and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by chemical coupling methods. Cell experiments were used to confirm the effects of immobilized β-Glu on amygdalin-mediated prostate cancer cell death in vitro. Subcutaneous xenograft models were used to carry out the targeting experiment and magnetically directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (MDEPT) experiment in vivo. Results Immobilized β-Glu activated amygdalin-mediated prostate cancer cell death. Tumor-targeting studies showed that PEG modification increased the accumulation of β-Glu-loaded nanoparticles in targeted tumor tissue subjected to an external magnetic field and decreased the accumulation of the nanoparticles in the liver and spleen. Based on an enzyme activity of up to 134.89 ± 14.18mU/g tissue in the targeted tumor tissue, PEG-β-Glu-MNP/amygdalin combination therapy achieved targeted activation of amygdalin and tumor growth inhibition in C57BL/6 mice bearing RM1 xenografts. Safety evaluations showed that this strategy had some impact on liver and heart function but did not cause obvious organ damage. Conclusion All findings indicate that this magnetically directed enzyme/prodrug therapy strategy has the potential to become a promising new approach for targeted therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Urology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Rao
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Zhou
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxi Gao
- Department of Urology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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11
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Aloysius H, Hu L. Synthesis and evaluation of new peptide-linked doxorubicin conjugates as prodrugs activated by prostate-specific antigen. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and evaluation of new 4-peptidamido-2-fluorobenzyl phosphoramide mustard conjugates as prodrugs activated by prostate-specific antigen. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Cheng L, Yue CF, Wang Y, Cao HF, Dong JF, Dong LX, Chen DY. Can docetaxel combined prednisone effectively treat hormone refractory prostate cancer?: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20367. [PMID: 32481418 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that docetaxel combined prednisone (DP) has been used for the treatment of patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). However, its results are still inconsistent. Therefore, this study will synthesize the latest evidence of the efficacy and safety of DP for the treatment of patients with HRPC. METHODS Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, and CNKI will be searched to identify randomized controlled trials published from their inception to the March 1, 2020, irrespective language and publication time restrictions. We will calculate the pooled effects of dichotomous outcomes as risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals, and that of continuous outcomes as standardized mean difference or mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. Study quality will be assessed using Cochrane risk of bias, and quality of evidence for main outcome will be evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. Statistical analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS This study will appraise the efficacy and safety of DP for the treatment of patients with HRPC. The primary outcome includes overall survival, and the secondary outcomes comprise of progression-free survival, prostate-specific antigen response rate, duration of prostate-specific antigen response, objective tumor response rate, disease-free survival, quality of life, and adverse events. CONCLUSION The results of this study may provide helpful evidence of DP for the treatment of patients with HRPC.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202040112.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai-Fang Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University
| | | | | | - Jian-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology, Jiamusi Anorectal Hospital, Jiamusi, China
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14
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Tarvainen I, Zimmermann T, Heinonen P, Jäntti MH, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Talman V, Franzyk H, Tuominen RK, Christensen SB. Missing Selectivity of Targeted 4β-Phorbol Prodrugs Expected to be Potential Chemotherapeutics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:671-677. [PMID: 32435369 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cytotoxic 4β-phorbol esters toward cancer tissue was attempted by conjugating a 4β-pborbol derivative with substrates for the proteases prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expressed in cancer tissue. The hydrophilic peptide moiety was hypothesized to prevent penetration of the prodrugs into cells and prevent interaction with PKC. Cleavage of the peptide in cancer tumors was envisioned to release lipophilic cytotoxins, which subsequently penetrate into cancer cells. The 4β-phorbol esters were prepared from 4β-phorbol isolated from Croton tiglium seeds, while the peptides were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Cellular assays revealed activation of PKC by the prodrugs and efficient killing of both peptidase positive as well as peptidase negative cells. Consequently no selectivity for enzyme expressing cells was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Tarvainen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomáš Zimmermann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pia Heinonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Helena Jäntti
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raimo K. Tuominen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Søren Brøgger Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Abstract
Introduction: Prodrugs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapy by targeting unique abnormal markers that are overexpressed by cancer cells and are absent in normal tissues. In this context, different strategies have been exploited and new ones are being developed each year. Areas covered: In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs in targeted cancer therapy is provided. Passive and active strategies are discussed in light of the advantages of each one and some successful examples are provided, as well as the clinical status of several prodrugs. Among them, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most commonly used. However, several drawbacks, including limited prodrug uptake, poor pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity problems, difficulties in selective targeting and gene expression, and optimized bystander effects limit their clinical applications. Expert opinion: Despite the efforts of different companies and research groups, several drawbacks, such as the lack of relevant in vivo models, complexity of the human metabolism, and economic limitations, have hampered the development of new prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy. As a result, we believe that the combination of prodrugs with cancer nanotechnology and other newly developed approaches, such as aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials, are efficient strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Souza
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- b Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Hybrid Materials , Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP , Diadema , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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16
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Lv Q, Wang D, Yang Z, Yang J, Zhang R, Yang X, Wang M, Wang Y. Repurposing antitubercular agent isoniazid for treatment of prostate cancer. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:296-306. [PMID: 30468220 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of versatile antitumor agents with tumor-imaging, targeting and therapeutic activity is promising for clinical cancer therapy. Prostate cancer is still the one of the leading threats to males. Current therapies have restricted clinical efficiency for patients with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Recent studies demonstrate that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) levels elevate with prostate cancer aggression and metastasis. In addition, MAOA inhibitor therapies have been reported as an effective means to reduce the metastasis of prostate cancer and extend mouse survival. Thus, these findings provide evidence that MAOA is promising for the treatment of metastatic and advanced prostate cancer. Herein, three isoniazid (INH)-dye conjugates were synthesized by conjugating MAOA inhibitor INH with mitochondria-targeting NIRF heptamethine dyes to improve the therapeutic efficacy of prostate cancer. These INH-dye conjugates could accumulate in PC-3 cellular mitochondria via organic anion transport peptide (OATP), increase ROS generation, and induce cancer cells apoptosis. In prostate cancer bearing xenografts, INH-dye conjugates showed significantly improved tumor-homing characteristics, resulting in potent antitumor activity via a reduction in MAOA activity. These results suggest that INH-dye conjugates have great potential to be used as versatile antitumor agents with prostate cancer targeting, NIR imaging, and potent antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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17
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Di Marco L, Zhang JZ, Doan J, Kim BJ, Yamamoto N, Bryce NS, Hambley TW. Modulating the Cellular Uptake of Fluorescently Tagged Substrates of Prostate-Specific Antigen before and after Enzymatic Activation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:124-133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Di Marco
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny Z. Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John Doan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Byung J. Kim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natsuho Yamamoto
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicole S. Bryce
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Trevor W. Hambley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Zimmermann T, Christensen SB, Franzyk H. Preparation of Enzyme-Activated Thapsigargin Prodrugs by Solid-Phase Synthesis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061463. [PMID: 29914143 PMCID: PMC6100299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cells in solid tumors divide less rapidly than cells in the bone marrow or cells of the immune system, mitotic inhibitors often cause severe side effects when used for treatment of diseases like prostate cancer and breast cancer. One approach to overcome this problem involves attempts at developing drugs based on general cytotoxins, like calicheamicin and thapsigargin, which kill cells at all phases of the cell cycle. However, such toxins can only be used when efficient targeting to the malignant tissue is possible. In the case of thapsigargin, selectivity for tumor-associated cells is achieved by conjugating the drug to a peptide that is only cleaved in the vicinity of tumors to release the cytotoxic drug or an analog with retained activity. Solid-phase synthesis protocols were developed for preparation of three already validated prodrugs of thapsigargin: one prodrug cleavable by human kallikrein 2, one prodrug cleavable by prostate-specific antigen, and one prodrug cleavable by prostate-specific membrane antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Zimmermann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Søren Brøgger Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Lv Q, Yang X, Wang M, Yang J, Qin Z, Kan Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang D, He Z. Mitochondria-targeted prostate cancer therapy using a near-infrared fluorescence dye–monoamine oxidase A inhibitor conjugate. J Control Release 2018; 279:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Burt AJ, Hantho JD, Nielsen AE, Mancini RJ. An Enzyme-Directed Imidazoquinoline Activated by Drug Resistance. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2184-2188. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Burt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Joseph D. Hantho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Amy E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Rock J. Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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21
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Lin TP, Chang YT, Lee SY, Campbell M, Wang TC, Shen SH, Chung HJ, Chang YH, Chiu AW, Pan CC, Lin CH, Chu CY, Kung HJ, Cheng CY, Chang PC. REST reduction is essential for hypoxia-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells by activating autophagy signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26137-51. [PMID: 27034167 PMCID: PMC5041970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is tightly associated with hormone refractory PCa (HRPC), an aggressive form of cancer that is nearly impossible to treat. Determining the mechanism of the development of NED may yield novel therapeutic strategies for HRPC. Here, we first demonstrate that repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes that has been implicated in androgen-deprivation and IL-6 induced NED, is essential for hypoxia-induced NED of PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome profiles of REST knockdown during hypoxia treatment demonstrated that REST is a master regulator of hypoxia-induced genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of hypoxia and REST knockdown co-upregulated genes revealed their correlation with HRPC. Consistently, gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that REST reduction potential associated with hypoxia-induced tumorigenesis, NE development, and AMPK pathway activation. Emerging reports have revealed that AMPK activation is a potential mechanism for hypoxia-induced autophagy. In line with this, we demonstrate that REST knockdown alone is capable of activating AMPK and autophagy activation is essential for hypoxia-induced NED of PCa cells. Here, making using of in vitro cell-based assay for NED, we reveal a new role for the transcriptional repressor REST in hypoxia-induced NED and characterized a sequential molecular mechanism downstream of REST resulting in AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy activation, which may be a common signaling pathway leading to NED of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ping Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sung-Yuan Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mel Campbell
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tien-Chiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Huei Shen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Jen Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Allen W Chiu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ying Chu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Dey S, Bajaj SO. Promising anticancer drug thapsigargin: A perspective toward the total synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1386789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sumit O. Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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MAOA-a novel decision maker of apoptosis and autophagy in hormone refractory neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46338. [PMID: 28402333 PMCID: PMC5389346 DOI: 10.1038/srep46338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two well-controlled mechanisms regulating cell fate. An understanding of decision-making between these two pathways is in its infancy. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that is well-known in psychiatric research. Emerging reports showed that overexpression MAOA is associated with prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that MAOA is involved in mediating neuroendocrine differentiation of PCa cells, a feature associated with hormone-refractory PCa (HRPC), a lethal type of disease. Following recent reports showing that NED of PCa requires down-regulation of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) and activation of autophagy; we observe that MAOA is a novel direct target gene of REST. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by overexpressed MAOA plays an essential role in inhibiting apoptosis and activating autophagy in NED PCa cells. MAOA inhibitors significantly reduced NED and autophagy activation of PCa cells. Our results here show MAOA as a new decision-maker for activating autophagy and MAOA inhibitors may be useful as a potential therapy for neuroendocrine tumors.
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24
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Lesniewska-Kowiel MA, Muszalska I. Strategies in the designing of prodrugs, taking into account the antiviral and anticancer compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:53-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Hajnal K, Gabriel H, Aura R, Erzsébet V, Blanka SS. Prodrug Strategy in Drug Development. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/amma-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prodrugs are chemically modified derivatives introduced in therapy due to their advantageous physico-chemical properties (greater stability, improved solubility, increased permeability), used in inactive form. Biological effect is exerted by the active derivatives formed in organism through chemical transformation (biotransformation). Currently, 10% of pharmaceutical products are used as prodrugs, nearly half of them being converted to active form by hydrolysis, mainly by ester hydrolysis. The use of prodrugs aims to improve the bioavailability of compounds in order to resolve some unfavorable characteristics and to reduce first-pass metabolism. Other objectives are to increase drug absorption, to extend duration of action or to achieve a better tissue/organ selective transport in case of non-oral drug delivery forms. Prodrugs can be characterized by chemical structure, activation mechanism or through the presence of certain functional groups suitable for their preparation. Currently we distinguish in therapy traditional prodrugs prepared by chemical derivatisation, bioprecursors and targeted delivery systems. The present article is a review regarding the introduction and applications of prodrug design in various areas of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelemen Hajnal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Hancu Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Rusu Aura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Varga Erzsébet
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Székely Szentmiklósi Blanka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
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26
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Fu Y, Feng Q, Chen Y, Shen Y, Su Q, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Cheng Y. Comparison of Two Approaches for the Attachment of a Drug to Gold Nanoparticles and Their Anticancer Activities. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3308-17. [PMID: 27518201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Fu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Science, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qishuai Feng
- Shanghai
East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200029, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Shanghai
East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200029, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Shanghai
East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200029, China
| | - Qihang Su
- Shanghai
East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200029, China
| | - Yinglei Zhang
- Shanghai
East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200029, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Science, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Shanghai
East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200029, China
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27
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Design and synthesis of peptide conjugates of phosphoramide mustard as prodrugs activated by prostate-specific antigen. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2697-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Hu M, Peng S, He Y, Qin M, Cong X, Xing Y, Liu M, Yi Z. Lycorine is a novel inhibitor of the growth and metastasis of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15348-61. [PMID: 25915156 PMCID: PMC4558156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycorine, a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant family, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of physiological effects, including the potential effect against cancer. However, the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) efficacy of Lycorine remains unrevealed. In this context, we figured out Lycorine's anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties for PCa treatment. Lycorine inhibited proliferation of various PCa cell lines, induced cell apoptosis and cell death. Here we showed that Lycorine decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and EMT of prostate cancer cell lines. Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenotransplantations by ectopic implantation of the human hormone-refractory PC-3M-luc cells were used to confirm in vivo anticancer effects of Lycorine. Lycorine inhibited both growth and metastasis in multiple organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone) in vivo and improved mice survival. Lycorine prevented EGF-induced JAK/STAT signaling. Importantly, anti-cancer effects of Lycorine were dependent on STAT expression. We suggest that Lycorine is a potential therapeutic in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shihong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yajing Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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29
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Wang Y, Liu G, Tong D, Parmar H, Hasenmayer D, Yuan W, Zhang D, Jiang J. Metformin represses androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancers by targeting androgen receptor. Prostate 2015; 75:1187-96. [PMID: 25894097 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has been reported to inhibit the growth of different types of cancers, including prostate cancer. We were interested to understand if the effect of metformin on prostate cancer is AR-dependent and, if so, whether metformin could act synergistically with the other anti-AR agents to serve as a therapeutic regimen with high efficacy and low toxicity. METHODS Cell viabilities and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and annexin V-FITC staining, respectively, when the two human prostate cancer cell lines, the androgen-dependent LNCaP and the androgen-independent 22RV1 were treated with metformin alone or in combination with bicalutamide. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting assays were conducted to examine metformin effects on AR mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were conducted to confirm the recruitment of AR to the ARE(s) located on the promoter region of the AR target gene PSA. RESULTS Metformin treatment reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptosis for both cell lines and additive effects were observed when LNCaP cells were treated with combined metformin and bicalutamide. Metformin down-regulated full-length AR protein in LNCaP cells. Both full-length and the truncated AR (AR-v7) were down-regulated by metformin in CWR22Rv1 cells. In both LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 cells, metformin repressed AR signaling pathway not by affecting AR protein degradation/stability, but rather through down-regulating the levels of AR mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Metformin represses prostate cancer cell viability and enhances apoptosis by targeting the AR signaling pathway. Combinations of metformin and other anti-AR agents pose a potentially promising therapeutic approach for treatment of prostate cancers, especially the castrate-resistant prostate cancer, with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gaolei Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Henna Parmar
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald Hasenmayer
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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30
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Aloysius H, Hu L. Improving the Specificity of the Prostate-Specific Antigen Substrate Glutaryl-Hyp-Ala-Ser-Chg-Gln as a Promoiety. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:837-48. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herve Aloysius
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Longqin Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan 030001 China
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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