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Osman AE, Brema I, AlQurashi A, Al-Jurayyan A, Bradley B, Hamza MA. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs 2070874 at Interleukin-4 is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus independently of human leukocyte antigens. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221090330. [PMID: 35404688 PMCID: PMC9006359 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221090330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta (β-) cells. Previous studies suggested an imbalance between and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines exacerbates T1DM development. Objectives We aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with T1DM carry a higher frequency of regulatory genes associated with low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), its receptor (IL-4R), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Methods Accordingly, we compared frequencies of five different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in T1DM patients and healthy controls who had been typed for HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 genes. Results The frequencies of rs2070874 (IL-4) alleles C and T differed between T1DM patients and controls (cp = 0.0065), as did their codominant (cp = 0.026) and recessive (cp = 0.015) models. Increased frequencies were observed in T1DM patients for HLA alleles: DRB1*03 (pc < 0.0013), DRB1*04 (cp = 0.0169), DQA1*03 (cp = 0.0222), DQA1*05 (cp < 0.0006), DQB1*02 (cp = 0.0005), and DQB1*06 (cp < 0.0005). And lower frequencies were observed for: DRB1*07 (cp = 0.0078), DRB1*11 (cp = 0.0013), DRB1*13 (cp < 0.0364), DRB1*15 (cp < 0.0013), DQA1*01 (cp < 0.0006), and DQA1*02 (cp = 0.0348). Certain DRB1: DQA1: DQB1 haplotypes showed greater frequencies, including, 03:05:02 (p < 0.0001) and 04:03:03 (p = 0.0017), whereas others showed lower frequencies, including, 07:02:02 (p = 0.0032), 11:05:03 (p = 0.0007), and 15:01:06 (p = 0.0002). Stratification for the above HLA haplotypes with rs2070874 C/C exhibited no significant differences between T1DM patients overall and controls. However, when stratified for the vulnerable HLA haplotype (03:05:02/04:03:03), young patients in whom T1DM began at ≤13 years had a higher frequency of the SNP (rs2070874 C/C); a gene associated with low IL-4 production (p < 0.024). Conclusion This study suggests that possession of the rs2070874 C/C genotype, which is associated with low production of IL-4, increases the risk of T1DM in young individuals carrying vulnerable HLA alleles/haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad E Osman
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad Brema
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa AlQurashi
- Research Center, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Jurayyan
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Bradley
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, 175150National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Muaawia A Hamza
- Research Center, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang S, Liu G, Yang B, Zhang Z, Hu D, Wu C, Qin Y, Dou Q, Dai Q, Hu W. Low-fouling CNT-PEG-hydrogel coated quartz crystal microbalance sensor for saliva glucose detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22556-22564. [PMID: 35480473 PMCID: PMC9034414 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02841c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva glucose detection based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor has emerged as a promising tool and a non-invasive diagnostic technique for diabetes. However, the low glucose concentration and strong protein interference in the saliva hinder the QCM sensors from practical applications. In this study, we present a robust and simple anti-fouling CNT-PEG-hydrogel film-coated QCM sensor for the detection of saliva glucose with high sensitivity. The CNT-PEG-hydrogel film consists of two layers; the bottom base PBA-hydrogel film is designed to recognize the glucose while the top CNT-PEG layer is used to restrict protein adsorption and improve the biocompatibility. Our results show that this CNT-PEG-hydrogel film exhibited a 10-fold enhancement on the detection limit compared to the PBA-hydrogel. Meanwhile, the adsorption of proteins on the surface of the CNT-PEG-hydrogel film, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), mucin (MUC), and fibrinogen (FIB), were reduced by 99.1%, 77.8%, and 83.7%, respectively. The CNT-PEG-hydrogel film could detect the typical saliva glucose level (0-50 mg L-1) in 10% saliva with a good responsivity. To sum up, this new tool with low-fouling film featuring high stability, specificity, and selectivity holds great potential for non-invasive monitoring of saliva glucose in human physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Guanjiang Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Bei Yang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Debo Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Chenchen Wu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Yaling Qin
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Qian Dou
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-010-82545720
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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Li KX, Ji MJ, Sun HJ. An updated pharmacological insight of resveratrol in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Gene 2021; 780:145532. [PMID: 33631244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common complications of diabetes, nephropathy develops in approximately 40% of diabetic individuals. Although end stage kidney disease is known as one of the most consequences of diabetic nephropathy, the majority of diabetic individuals might die from cardiovascular diseases and infections before renal replacement treatment. Moreover, the routine medical treatments for diabetes hold undesirable side effects. The explosive prevalence of diabetes urges clinicians and scientists to investigate the complementary or alternative therapies. Phytochemicals are emerging as alternatives with a wide range of therapeutic effects on various pathologies, including diabetic kidney disease. Of those phytochemicals, resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic stilbene, has been found to exert a broad spectrum of health benefits via various signaling molecules. In particular, resveratrol has gained a great deal of attention because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardiovascular-protective, and anti-tumor properties. In the renal system, emerging evidence shows that resveratrol has already been used to ameliorate chronic or acute kidney injury. This review critically summarizes the current findings and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in diabetic renal damage. In addition, we will discuss the adverse and inconsistent effects of resveratrol in diabetic nephropathy. Although there is increasing evidence that resveratrol affords great potential in diabetic nephropathy therapy, these results should be treated with caution before its clinical translation. In addition, the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics profiles, such as poor bioavailability, may limit its extensive clinical applications. It is clear that further research is needed to unravel these limitations and improve its efficacy against diabetic nephropathy. Increasing investigation of resveratrol in diabetic kidney disease will not only help us better understand its pharmacological actions, but also provide novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xue Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Miao-Jin Ji
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Mulindwa J, Noyes H, Ilboudo H, Pagani L, Nyangiri O, Kimuda MP, Ahouty B, Asina OF, Ofon E, Kamoto K, Kabore JW, Koffi M, Ngoyi DM, Simo G, Chisi J, Sidibe I, Enyaru J, Simuunza M, Alibu P, Jamonneau V, Camara M, Tait A, Hall N, Bucheton B, MacLeod A, Hertz-Fowler C, Matovu E, Matovu E, Sidibe I, Mumba D, Koffi M, Simo G, Chisi J, Alibu VP, Macleod A, Bucheton B, Hertzfowler C, Elliot A, Camara M, Bishop O, Mulindwa J, Nyangiri O, Kimuda MP, Ofon E, Ahouty B, Kabore J. High Levels of Genetic Diversity within Nilo-Saharan Populations: Implications for Human Adaptation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:473-486. [PMID: 32781046 PMCID: PMC7477016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Africa contains more human genetic variation than any other continent, but the majority of the population-scale analyses of the African peoples have focused on just two of the four major linguistic groups, the Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic, leaving the Nilo-Saharan and Khoisan populations under-represented. In order to assess genetic variation and signatures of selection within a Nilo-Saharan population and between the Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic, we sequenced 50 genomes from the Nilo-Saharan Lugbara population of North-West Uganda and 250 genomes from 6 previously unsequenced Niger-Congo populations. We compared these data to data from a further 16 Eurasian and African populations including the Gumuz, another putative Nilo-Saharan population from Ethiopia. Of the 21 million variants identified in the Nilo-Saharan population, 3.57 million (17%) were not represented in dbSNP and included predicted non-synonymous mutations with possible phenotypic effects. We found greater genetic differentiation between the Nilo-Saharan Lugbara and Gumuz populations than between any two Afro-Asiatic or Niger-Congo populations. F3 tests showed that Gumuz contributed a genetic component to most Niger-Congo B populations whereas Lugabara did not. We scanned the genomes of the Lugbara for evidence of selective sweeps. We found selective sweeps at four loci (SLC24A5, SNX13, TYRP1, and UVRAG) associated with skin pigmentation, three of which already have been reported to be under selection. These selective sweeps point toward adaptations to the intense UV radiation of the Sahel.
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Artificial Pancreas Control Strategies Used for Type 1 Diabetes Control and Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis. APPLIED SYSTEM INNOVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/asi3030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive survey about the fundamental components of the artificial pancreas (AP) system including insulin administration and delivery, glucose measurement (GM), and control strategies/algorithms used for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment and control. Our main focus is on the T1DM that emerges due to pancreas’s failure to produce sufficient insulin due to the loss of beta cells (β-cells). We discuss various insulin administration and delivery methods including physiological methods, open-loop, and closed-loop schemes. Furthermore, we report several factors such as hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and many other physical factors that need to be considered while infusing insulin in human body via AP systems. We discuss three prominent control algorithms including proportional-integral- derivative (PID), fuzzy logic, and model predictive, which have been clinically evaluated and have all shown promising results. In addition, linear and non-linear insulin infusion control schemes have been formally discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which systematically covers recent developments in the AP components with a solid foundation for future studies in the T1DM field.
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Singh GC, Ahmed M, Zaid M, Hasnain S. Biochemical, serological, and genetic aspects related to gene HLA-DQB1 and its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1147. [PMID: 32142224 PMCID: PMC7216801 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is the autoimmune disorder of destruction of β cells of pancreas, creating insulin deficiency condition, which leads to hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, ketoacidosis, and other metabolic disorder especially in children. Different genetic aspects and environmental factors are involved in pathophysiology of the disease. About 20 genes are associated with this disease in which the most common is the different combination of haplotype DRB1‐DQA1‐DQB1 present at HLA gene. At HLA‐DQB1, there are some SNPs which are associated with T1DM. In T1DM, there are number of biochemical, serological parameters which show some abnormalities leading to some complications. Methods Samples were subjected to all biochemical and serological techniques to get the measurement of concentration of glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL and LDL cholesterol), urea, creatinine, albumin, insulin, anti‐insulin antibodies, C‐peptides, and leptin. All these values were compared with controls values and statistical analysis was also done on these values. At molecular level, two primers set which were allele specific at HLA‐DQB1, were used to amplify the SNPs, homozygous and heterozygous conditions were stated. Results PCR results for the studied population showed that most of samples have heterozygous condition for these SNPs of this allele specific region on HLA‐DQB1. Very few of them have homozygous state for it. Even in the control sample have the same conditions. Conclusion In Pakistan, there is dire need of studies about SNPs and haplotypes related to HLA‐DQB1 which show association with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur Charn Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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