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Ackah RL, Yasuhara J, Garg V. Genetics of aortic valve disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:169-178. [PMID: 36789772 PMCID: PMC10079625 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aortic valve disease is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, posing an increasing burden on society. Advances in next-generation technologies and disease models over the last decade have further delineated the genetic and molecular factors that might be exploited in development of therapeutics for affected patients. This review describes several advances in the molecular and genetic understanding of AVD, focusing on bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). RECENT FINDINGS Genomic studies have identified a myriad of genes implicated in the development of BAV, including NOTCH1 , SMAD6 and ADAMTS19 , along with members of the GATA and ROBO gene families. Similarly, several genes associated with the initiation and progression of CAVD, including NOTCH1 , LPA , PALMD , IL6 and FADS1/2 , serve as the launching point for emerging clinical trials. SUMMARY These new insights into the genetic contributors of AVD have offered new avenues for translational disease investigation, bridging molecular discoveries to emergent pharmacotherapeutic options. Future studies aimed at uncovering new genetic associations and further defining implicated molecular pathways are fuelling the new wave of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L. Ackah
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Yasuhara J, Schultz K, Bigelow AM, Garg V. Congenital aortic valve stenosis: from pathophysiology to molecular genetics and the need for novel therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142707. [PMID: 37187784 PMCID: PMC10175644 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is one of the most common valve anomalies and accounts for 3%-6% of cardiac malformations. As congenital AVS is often progressive, many patients, both children and adults, require transcatheter or surgical intervention throughout their lives. While the mechanisms of degenerative aortic valve disease in the adult population are partially described, the pathophysiology of adult AVS is different from congenital AVS in children as epigenetic and environmental risk factors play a significant role in manifestations of aortic valve disease in adults. Despite increased understanding of genetic basis of congenital aortic valve disease such as bicuspid aortic valve, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of congenital AVS in infants and children remain unknown. Herein, we review the pathophysiology of congenitally stenotic aortic valves and their natural history and disease course along with current management strategies. With the rapid expansion of knowledge of genetic origins of congenital heart defects, we also summarize the literature on the genetic contributors to congenital AVS. Further, this increased molecular understanding has led to the expansion of animal models with congenital aortic valve anomalies. Finally, we discuss the potential to develop novel therapeutics for congenital AVS that expand on integration of these molecular and genetic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yasuhara Vidu Garg
| | - Karlee Schultz
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amee M. Bigelow
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yasuhara Vidu Garg
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3
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Althali NJ, Hentges KE. Genetic insights into non-syndromic Tetralogy of Fallot. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012665. [PMID: 36277185 PMCID: PMC9582763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) include structural abnormalities of the heart or/and great vessels that are present at birth. CHD affects around 1% of all newborns worldwide. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most prevalent cyanotic congenital cardiac abnormality, affecting three out of every 10,000 live infants with a prevalence rate of 5-10% of all congenital cardiac defects. The four hallmark characteristics of TOF are: right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and overriding aorta. Approximately 20% of cases of TOF are associated with a known disease or chromosomal abnormality, with the remaining 80% of TOF cases being non-syndromic, with no known aetiology. Relatively few TOF patients have been studied, and little is known about critical causative genes for non-syndromic TOF. However, rare genetic variants have been identified as significant risk factors for CHD, and are likely to cause some cases of TOF. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on well-characterized genes and the most recent variants identified for non-syndromic TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf J. Althali
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Exonic and Promoter Regions of Transcription Factors of Second Heart Field Associated with Sporadic Congenital Cardiac Anomalies. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 24:39-47. [PMID: 36249516 PMCID: PMC9524169 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple second heart field (SHF) transcription factors are involved in cardiac development. In this article we evaluate the relationship between SHF transcription factor polymorphisms and congenital heart disease (CHD). Ten polymorphisms were used for genotyping, and three of these were used for the luciferase assay. The risk of CHD was increased 4.31 times and 1.54 times in the C allele of GATA5: rs6061243 G>C and G allele of TBX20: rs336283 A>G, respectively. The minor alleles of SMYD1: rs1542088 T>G, MEF2C: rs80043958 A>G and GATA5: rs6587239 T>C increased the risk of the simple types of CHD. The minor alleles of GATA5: rs41305803 G>A and MEF2C: rs304154 A>G increased the risk of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The minor alleles of TBX20: rs336284 A>G and SMYD1: rs88387557 T>G only increased the risk of a single ventricle (SV). Luciferase assays revealed that the minor alleles of rs304154 and rs336284 decreased the transcriptional levels of MEF2C and TBX20, respectively (p<0.01). When combined with HLTF, the G promoter showed a higher expression level than the A promoter in rs80043958 (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that minor alleles of SNPs in the exonic and promoter regions of transcription factors in the SHF can increase the risks of sporadic CHD.
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Mubeen H, Farooq M, Rehman AU, Zubair M, Haque A. Gene expression and transcriptional regulation driven by transcription factors involved in congenital heart defects. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:595-604. [PMID: 35441975 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important birth defects caused by more than one mutated gene. Mutations in the genes could cause different types of congenital heart defects including atrial septal defect (ASD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). OBJECTIVES Cardiac transcription factors are key players for heart development and are actively involved in controlling stress regulation of the heart. Transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that control the process of transcription and work in a synergistic manner. We aim to characterize core cardiac transcription factors including NKX2-5, TBX, SRF, GATA4, and MEF2, which encode homeobox and MADS domain and play a crucial role in heart development. METHODS In this study, we have explored the important transcription factors involved in cardiac development and genes controlling the expression and regulation process by using the bioinformatics approach. RESULTS We have predicted the orthologs and homologs based on their evolutionary history, conserved protein domains, functional sites, and 3D structures for better understanding and presentation of factors responsible for causing CHD. Results showed the importance of these transcription factors for normal heart functioning and development. CONCLUSION Understanding the molecular pathways and genetic basis of CHD will help to open a new door for the treatment of patients with cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jin JY, Wu LP, Dong Y, Pi HC, Wu HF, Xiang R. Identification of a novel GATA binding protein 5 variant (c.830C>T/p.P277L) damaging the nuclear translocation and causing tetralogy of Fallot. QJM 2022; 115:256-258. [PMID: 34904678 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, No. 932 Lushannan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - L-P Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 6 Ailong Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | | | - H-C Pi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 6 Ailong Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | - H-F Wu
- Obstetric Inpatient Department, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 6 Ailong Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | - R Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, No. 932 Lushannan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, No. 932 Lushannan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
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Yasuhara J, Garg V. Genetics of congenital heart disease: a narrative review of recent advances and clinical implications. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2366-2386. [PMID: 34733677 PMCID: PMC8506053 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect and remains a leading cause of mortality in childhood. Although advances in clinical management have improved the survival of children with CHD, adult survivors commonly experience cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities, which affect quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, the elucidation of genetic etiologies of CHD not only has important clinical implications for genetic counseling of patients and families but may also impact clinical outcomes by identifying at-risk patients. Recent advancements in genetic technologies, including massively parallel sequencing, have allowed for the discovery of new genetic etiologies for CHD. Although variant prioritization and interpretation of pathogenicity remain challenges in the field of CHD genomics, advances in single-cell genomics and functional genomics using cellular and animal models of CHD have the potential to provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of CHD and its associated morbidities. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the established genetic contributors to CHD and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the genetic architecture of CHD along with current challenges with the interpretation of genetic variation. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical implications of genetic findings to predict and potentially improve clinical outcomes in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Majumdar U, Yasuhara J, Garg V. In Vivo and In Vitro Genetic Models of Congenital Heart Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a036764. [PMID: 31818859 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiovascular malformations represent the most common type of birth defect and encompass a spectrum of anomalies that range from mild to severe. The etiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) is becoming increasingly defined based on prior epidemiologic studies that supported the importance of genetic contributors and technological advances in human genome analysis. These have led to the discovery of a growing number of disease-contributing genetic abnormalities in individuals affected by CHD. The ever-growing population of adult CHD survivors, which are the result of reductions in mortality from CHD during childhood, and this newfound genetic knowledge have led to important questions regarding recurrence risks, the mechanisms by which these defects occur, the potential for novel approaches for prevention, and the prediction of long-term cardiovascular morbidity in adult CHD survivors. Here, we will review the current status of genetic models that accurately model human CHD as they provide an important tool to answer these questions and test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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Abstract
The Middle East and North Africa regions, including Lebanon, have recently witnessed rapid urbanization and modernization over the last couple of decades that has led to a dramatic transformation affecting lifestyle and diet. The World Health Organization reports that the leading cause of death in Lebanon is due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) at 47% of all-cause mortality. Over the last 30 years, especially the last 10, the population of Lebanon has changed dramatically due to the effect of wars in the region and refugees seeking asylum. With a population of around 4.5 million and a relatively high rate of consanguinity in Lebanon, a variety of novel mutations have been discovered explaining several familial causes of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. Due to the Syrian civil war, 1.5 million Syrian refugees now reside in Lebanon in either low-income housing or tented settlements. A National Institutes of Health study is examining diabetes and CVD in Syrian refugees in comparison to native Lebanese. We provide the first review of CVD in Lebanon in its metabolic component including coronary artery disease and its risk factors, mainly hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, and its structural component, including congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. The knowledge in this review has been compiled to guide clinicians and assist researchers in efforts to recognize risk factors for disease, improve delivery of health care, and prevent and treat CVDs in Lebanon, both for the native Lebanese and Syrian refugees.
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10
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Park JE, Park JS, Jang SY, Park SH, Kim JW, Ki CS, Kim DK. A novel SMAD6 variant in a patient with severely calcified bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e620. [PMID: 30848080 PMCID: PMC6503022 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect with a prevalence of 1%-2% in the general population. NOTCH1, SMAD6, and GATA5 are associated with BAV in humans, but few cases have been reported that did not involve NOTCH1. Here, we identified novel in-frame variants in SMAD6 (c.1168_1173dup; p.Gly390_Ile391dup) in a BAV patient, who presented with dilatation of the ascending aorta and severe calcification of the aortic valve. METHODS Twenty BAV associated genes were screened by exome sequencing. Functional effects of SMAD6 variant were investigated using bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling assays through in vitro functional study. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed he had novel in-frame variants in the SMAD6 gene (c.1168_1173dup; p.Gly390_Ile391dup). SMAD6 is known to be an inhibitory protein in the BMP signaling pathway. In vitro functional study of the p.Gly390_Ile391dup variant revealed impaired inhibition of BMP signaling and BMP-induced alkaline phosphatase activity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we identified a novel SMAD6 variant causing a severely calcified BAV and TAA, which contributes to our understanding of the clinical and genetic background of SMAD6-related BAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Eun Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shin Yi Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Hariri H, Kurban M, Al-Haddad C, Fahed AC, Poladian S, Khalil A, Abbas O, Arabi M, Bitar F, Nemer G. Degenerated hair follicle cells and partial loss of sebaceous and eccrine glands in a familial case of axenfeld-rieger syndrome: An emerging role for the FOXC1/NFATC1 genetic axis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:237-244. [PMID: 30514661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous malformations are at times associated with some forms of congenital heart defects. Many a times subtle cutaneous phenotypes maybe overlooked as their significance on the lives of individuals is minimal. Lebanon represents an area of high consanguinity, where the rates can go beyond 70% in some districts. For the past 6 years, we have been studying several genodermatoses in Lebanon including those with cardiac malformations. OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study is to document the genetic basis of a familial case of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) with a mild cutaneous phenotype represented histologically with degeneration/ absence of hair follicles and incomplete formation of sebaceous and eccrine glands, in addition to the cardiac and ocular phenotypes. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed on two identical-twins with ARS along with their affected father and non-affected mother. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the mutation, and the effects of the mutations on protein function was assessed in vitro using transient transfections. RESULTS A novel mutation inFOXC1 designated p.L240Rfs*75 was found in both twins and their father. The affected individuals share also a rare documented variant in NFATC1 designated p.V197 M. Both were absent from 200 Lebanese exomes. Our in vitro results suggested a gain of function activity of the FOXC1/NFATC1 complex, confirming its documented role in controlling murine hair follicle stem cells quiescence and regeneration. CONCLUSION This is the first documented human case with a mutation inFOXC1 regulating multi-organ developmental pathways that reflect a conserved mechanism in cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadla Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Akl C Fahed
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarin Poladian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athar Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Oussama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Arabi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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12
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Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
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13
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Kammoun M, Souche E, Brady P, Ding J, Cosemans N, Gratacos E, Devriendt K, Eixarch E, Deprest J, Vermeesch JR. Genetic profile of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia revealed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:654-663. [PMID: 29966037 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by a defective closure of the diaphragm occurring as an isolated defect in 60% of cases. Lung size, liver herniation, and pulmonary circulation are major prognostic indices. Isolated CDH genetics is heterogeneous and poorly understood. Whether genetic lesions are also outcome determinants has never been explored. OBJECTIVES To identify isolated CDH genetic causes, to fine map the mutational burden, and to search for a correlation between the genotype and the disease severity and outcome. METHODS Targeted massively parallel sequencing of 143 human and mouse CDH causative and candidate genes in a cohort of 120 fetuses with isolated CDH and detailed outcome measures. RESULTS Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 10% of the cohort. These variants affect both known CDH causative genes, namely, ZFPM2, GATA4, and NR2F2, and new genes, namely, TBX1, TBX5, GATA5, and PBX1. In addition, mutation burden analysis identified LBR, CTBP2, NSD1, MMP14, MYOD1, and EYA1 as candidate genes with enrichment in rare but predicted deleterious variants. No obvious correlation between the genotype and the phenotype or short-term outcome has been found. CONCLUSION Targeted resequencing identifies a genetic cause in 10% of isolated CDH and identifies new candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molka Kammoun
- Department for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Souche
- Department for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Brady
- Department for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jia Ding
- Department for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Cosemans
- Department for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Gratacos
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Department for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muenke
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Suzanne Hart
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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15
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Kamar A, Fahed AC, Shibbani K, El-Hachem N, Bou-Slaiman S, Arabi M, Kurban M, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Haidar R, Baydoun E, Nemer G, Bitar F. A Novel Role for CSRP1 in a Lebanese Family with Congenital Cardiac Defects. Front Genet 2017; 8:217. [PMID: 29326753 PMCID: PMC5741687 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an obvious role for consanguinity in congenital heart disease (CHD), most studies fail to document a monogenic model of inheritance except for few cases. We hereby describe a first-degree cousins consanguineous Lebanese family with 7 conceived children: 2 died in utero of unknown causes, 3 have CHD, and 4 have polydactyly. The aim of the study is to unveil the genetic variant(s) causing these phenotypes using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Targeted exome sequencing identified a heterozygous duplication in CSRP1 which leads to a potential frameshift mutation at position 154 of the protein. This mutation is inherited from the father, and segregates only with the CHD phenotype. The in vitro characterization demonstrates that the mutation dramatically abrogates its transcriptional activity over cardiac promoters like NPPA. In addition, it differentially inhibits the physical association of CSRP1 with SRF, GATA4, and with the newly described partner herein TBX5. Whole exome sequencing failed to show any potential variant linked to polydactyly, but revealed a novel missense mutation in TRPS1. This mutation is inherited from the healthy mother, and segregating only with the cardiac phenotype. Both TRPS1 and CSRP1 physically interact, and the mutations in each abrogate their partnership. Our findings add fundamental knowledge into the molecular basis of CHD, and propose the di-genic model of inheritance as responsible for such malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kamar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Akl C Fahed
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kamel Shibbani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nehme El-Hachem
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salim Bou-Slaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Arabi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachid Haidar
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Qiao XH, Wang F, Zhang XL, Huang RT, Xue S, Wang J, Qiu XB, Liu XY, Yang YQ. MEF2C loss-of-function mutation contributes to congenital heart defects. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1143-1153. [PMID: 29104469 PMCID: PMC5666546 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of developmental abnormality in humans, and is a leading cause for substantially increased morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. Increasing studies demonstrates a pivotal role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of CHD, and presently mutations in more than 60 genes have been associated with CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is of pronounced genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic basis underpinning CHD in a large proportion of patients remains unclear. In the present study, the whole coding exons and splicing donors/acceptors of the MEF2C gene, which codes for a transcription factor essential for normal cardiovascular development, were sequenced in 200 unrelated patients affected with CHD, and a novel heterozygous missense mutation, p.L38P, was identified in an index patient with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Genetic scan of the mutation carrier's family members available showed that the mutation was present in all affected family members but absent in unaffected family members. Analysis of the proband's pedigree revealed that the mutation co-segregated with PDA, which was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance. The mutation changed the amino acid that was completely conserved evolutionarily, and did not exist in 300 unrelated, ethnically-matched healthy individuals used as controls. Functional deciphers by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system unveiled that the mutant MEF2C protein had a significantly reduced transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation significantly diminished the synergistic activation between MEF2C and GATA4, another cardiac core transcription factor that has been causally linked to CHD. In conclusion, this is the first report on the association of a MEF2C loss-of-function mutation with an increased vulnerability to CHD in humans, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CHD, implying potential implications for early diagnosis and timely prophylaxis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, 339 Liuding Street, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xian-Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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17
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A HAND to TBX5 Explains the Link Between Thalidomide and Cardiac Diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1416. [PMID: 28469241 PMCID: PMC5431093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Mutations only in few genes have been linked to some cases of CHD. Thalidomide was used by pregnant women for morning sickness but was removed from the market because it caused severe malformations including CHDs. We used both in silico docking software, and in vitro molecular and biochemical methods to document a novel interaction involving Thalidomide, TBX5, and HAND2. Thalidomide binds readily to TBX5 through amino acids R81, R82, and K226 all implicated in DNA binding. It reduces TBX5 binding to DNA by 40%, and suppresses TBX5 mediated activation of the NPPA and VEGF promoters by 70%. We documented a novel interaction between TBX5 and HAND2, and showed that a p.G202V HAND2 variant associated with CHD and coronary artery diseases found in a large Lebanese family with high consanguinity, drastically inhibited this interaction by 90%. Similarly, thalidomide inhibited the TBX5/HAND2 physical interaction, and the in silico docking revealed that the same amino acids involved in the interaction of TBX5 with DNA are also involved in its binding to HAND2. Our results establish a HAND2/TBX5 pathway implicated in heart development and diseases.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aortic valve disease is relatively common and encompasses both congenital and acquired forms. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common type of cardiac malformation and predisposes to the development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Since the description of the link between NOTCH1, BAV and CAVD approximately a decade ago, there have been significant advances in the genetic and molecular understanding of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has defined the congenital cardiac phenotypes linked to mutations in NOTCH1, and in addition, novel etiologic genes for BAV have been discovered using new genetic technologies in humans. Furthermore, several mouse models of BAV have been described defining the role of endothelial Notch1 in aortic valve morphogenesis, whereas others have implicated new genes. These murine models along with other cell-based studies have led to molecular insights in the pathogenesis of CAVD. SUMMARY These findings provide important insights into the molecular and genetic basis of aortic valve malformations, including BAV, specifically highlighting the etiologic role of endothelial cells. In addition, numerous investigations in to the mechanisms of CAVD demonstrate the importance of developmental origins and signaling pathways as well as communication between valve endothelial cells and the underlying interstitial cells in valve disease onset and progression.
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19
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Huang RT, Wang J, Xue S, Qiu XB, Shi HY, Li RG, Qu XK, Yang XX, Liu H, Li N, Li YJ, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. TBX20 loss-of-function mutation responsible for familial tetralogy of Fallot or sporadic persistent truncus arteriosus. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:323-332. [PMID: 28553164 PMCID: PMC5436474 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common form of developmental abnormality in humans, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Genetic defects have been recognized as the predominant causes of CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is of substantial genetic heterogeneity and the genetic defects underlying CHD in most cases remain unclear. In the current study, the coding regions and splicing junction sites of the TBX20 gene, which encodes a T-box transcription factor key to cardiovascular morphogenesis, were sequenced in 175 unrelated patients with CHD, and a novel heterozygous TBX20 mutation, p.K274X, was identified in an index patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Genetic analysis of the proband's available family members showed that his father, elder brother and son had also TOF. In addition, his father and elder brother had also atrial septal defect, and his niece had persistent truncus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect. Analysis of the pedigree revealed that the mutation co-segregated with CHD transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation, which was absent in the 800 control chromosomes, was predicted to produce a truncated protein with only the amino terminus and partial T-box domain left. Functional analyses by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system showed that the mutant TBX20 lost the ability to transactivate the target gene ANF. Furthermore, the mutation reduced the synergistic activation between TBX20 and NKX2.5 as well as GATA4, two other transcriptional factors previously associated with various CHD, encompassing TOF. This study firstly links TBX20 loss-of-function mutation to familial TOF or sporadic persistent truncus arteriosus, providing novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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20
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Abstract
As the most prevalent form of birth defect in humans worldwide, congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for substantial morbidity and is still the leading cause of birth defect-related demises. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD, and mutations in multiple genes, especially in those coding for cardiac core transcription factors, have been causally linked to various CHDs. Nevertheless, CHD is a genetically heterogeneous disease and the genetic determinants underpinning CHD in an overwhelming majority of patients remain elusive. In the current study, genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples of 165 unrelated patients with CHD, and the coding exons and splicing junction sites of the HAND1 gene, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for cardiovascular development, were sequenced. As a result, a novel heterozygous mutation, p.R118C, was identified in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The missense mutation, which was absent in 600 referential chromosomes, altered the amino acid that was completely conserved evolutionarily. Biological assays with a dual-luciferase reporter assay system revealed that the R118C-mutant HAND1 protein had significantly reduced transcriptional activity when compared with its wild-type counterpart. Furthermore, the mutation significantly decreased the synergistic activation of a downstream target gene between HAND1 and GATA4, another cardiac core transcription factor associated with TOF. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of a HAND1 loss-of-function mutation with enhanced susceptibility to TOF in humans. The findings provide novel insight into the molecular etiology underlying TOF, suggesting potential implications for the improved prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for TOF.
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21
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Hempel M, Casar Tena T, Diehl T, Burczyk MS, Strom TM, Kubisch C, Philipp M, Lessel D. Compound heterozygous GATA5 mutations in a girl with hydrops fetalis, congenital heart defects and genital anomalies. Hum Genet 2017; 136:339-346. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Li L, Wang J, Liu XY, Liu H, Shi HY, Yang XX, Li N, Li YJ, Huang RT, Xue S, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. HAND1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to congenital double outlet right ventricle. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:711-718. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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CASZ1 loss-of-function mutation associated with congenital heart disease. Gene 2016; 595:62-68. [PMID: 27693370 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the most common form of birth defect in humans, congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, CHD is of great heterogeneity, and in an overwhelming majority of cases, the genetic determinants underpinning CHD remain elusive. In the present investigation, the coding exons and flanking introns of the CASZ1 gene, which codes for a zinc finger transcription factor essential for the cardiovascular morphogenesis, were sequenced in 172 unrelated patients with CHD. As a result, a novel heterozygous CASZ1 mutation, p.L38P, was identified in an index patient with congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD). Genetic scanning of the mutation carrier's available family members revealed that the mutation was present in all affected patients but absent in unaffected individuals. Analysis of the proband's pedigree showed that the mutation co-segregated with VSD, which was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance. The missense mutation, which altered the amino acid that was highly conserved evolutionarily, was absent in 200 unrelated, ethnically-matched healthy subjects used as controls. Functional deciphers by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system unveiled that the mutant CASZ1 had significantly reduced transcriptional activity as compared with its wild-type counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, the current study firstly identifies CASZ1 as a new gene predisposing to CHD in humans, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CHD and a potential therapeutic target for CASZ1-associated CHD, suggesting potential implications for personalized prophylaxis and therapy of CHD.
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