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Udagawa T, Takahashi E, Tatsumi N, Mutai H, Saijo H, Kondo Y, Atkinson PJ, Matsunaga T, Yoshikawa M, Kojima H, Okabe M, Cheng AG. Loss of Pax3 causes reduction of melanocytes in the developing mouse cochlea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2210. [PMID: 38278860 PMCID: PMC10817906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cochlear melanocytes are intermediate cells in the stria vascularis that generate endocochlear potentials required for auditory function. Human PAX3 mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome and abnormalities of skin and retinal melanocytes, manifested as congenital hearing loss (~ 70%) and hypopigmentation of skin, hair and eyes. However, the underlying mechanism of hearing loss remains unclear. Cochlear melanocytes in the stria vascularis originated from Pax3-traced melanoblasts and Plp1-traced Schwann cell precursors, both of which derive from neural crest cells. Here, using a Pax3-Cre knock-in mouse that allows lineage tracing of Pax3-expressing cells and disruption of Pax3, we found that Pax3 deficiency causes foreshortened cochlea, malformed vestibular apparatus, and neural tube defects. Lineage tracing and in situ hybridization show that Pax3+ derivatives contribute to S100+, Kir4.1+ and Dct+ melanocytes (intermediate cells) in the developing stria vascularis, all of which are significantly diminished in Pax3 mutant animals. Taken together, these results suggest that Pax3 is required for the development of neural crest cell-derived cochlear melanocytes, whose absence may contribute to congenital hearing loss of Waardenburg syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokatsu Udagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Erisa Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- Division Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saijo
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Patrick J Atkinson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Division Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoshikawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Lee CY, Lin PH, Chiang YT, Tsai CY, Yang SY, Chen YM, Li CH, Lu CY, Liu TC, Hsu CJ, Chen PL, Hsu JS, Wu CC. Genetic Underpinnings and Audiological Characteristics in Children With Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1299-1308. [PMID: 37125626 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) is a condition commonly encountered in otolaryngology clinics. However, its molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the genetic underpinnings of childhood USNHL and analyze the associated audiological features. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospectively recruited cohort. SETTING Tertiary referral center. METHODS We enrolled 38 children with USNHL between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, and performed physical, audiological, imaging, and congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) examinations as well as genetic testing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 30 deafness genes. The audiological results were compared across different etiologies. RESULTS Causative genetic variants were identified in 8 (21.1%) patients, including 5 with GJB2 variants, 2 with PAX3 variants, and 1 with the EDNRB variant. GJB2 variants were found to be associated with mild-to-moderate USNHL in various audiogram configurations, whereas PAX3 and EDNRB variants were associated with profound USNHL in flat audiogram configurations. In addition, whole-genome sequencing and extended NGS targeting 213 deafness genes were performed in 2 multiplex families compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance; yet no definite causative variants were identified. Cochlear nerve deficiency and cCMV infection were observed in 9 and 2, respectively, patients without definite genetic diagnoses. CONCLUSION Genetic underpinnings can contribute to approximately 20% of childhood USNHL, and different genotypes are associated with various audiological features. These findings highlight the utility of genetic examinations in guiding the diagnosis, counseling, and treatment of USNHL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Mei Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsuan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Hearing and Speech Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Pattern recognition of specific temporal bone radiological phenotypes, in association with abnormalities in other organ systems, is critical in the diagnosis and management of syndromic causes of hearing loss. Several recent publications have demonstrated the presence of specific radiological appearances, allowing precise genetic and/or syndromic diagnosis, in the right clinical context. This review article aims to provide an extensive but practical guide to the radiologist dealing with syndromic causes of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK. felice.d'
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Udagawa T, Takahashi E, Tatsumi N, Mutai H, Kondo Y, Atkinson PJ, Matsunaga T, Yoshikawa M, Kojima H, Okabe M, Cheng AG. Pax3 deficiency diminishes melanocytes in the developing mouse cochlea. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2990436. [PMID: 37333245 PMCID: PMC10274955 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2990436/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear melanocytes are intermediate cells in the stria vascularis that generate endocochlear potentials required for auditory function. Human PAX3 mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome and abnormalities of melanocytes, manifested as congenital hearing loss and hypopigmentation of skin, hair and eyes. However, the underlying mechanism of hearing loss remains unclear. During development, cochlear melanocytes in the stria vascularis are dually derived from Pax3-Cre+ melanoblasts migrating from neuroepithelial cells including neural crest cells and Plp1+ Schwann cell precursors originated from also neural crest cells, differentiating in a basal-apical manner. Here, using a Pax3-Cre mouse line, we found that Pax3 deficiency causes foreshortened cochlea, malformed vestibular apparatus, and neural tube defects. Lineage tracing and in situ hybridization show that Pax3-Cre derivatives contribute to S100+ , Kir4.1+ and Dct+ melanocytes (intermediate cells) in the developing stria vascularis, all significantly diminished in Pax3 mutant animals. Taken together, these results suggest that Pax3 is required for the development of neural crest cell-derived cochlear melanocytes, whose absence may contribute to congenital hearing loss of Waardenburg syndrome in human.
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