1
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Gabbert C, Schaake S, Lüth T, Much C, Klein C, Aasly JO, Farrer MJ, Trinh J. GBA1 in Parkinson's disease: variant detection and pathogenicity scoring matters. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:322. [PMID: 37312046 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GBA1 variants are the strongest genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathogenicity of GBA1 variants concerning PD is still not fully understood. Additionally, the frequency of GBA1 variants varies widely across populations. OBJECTIVES To evaluate Oxford Nanopore sequencing as a strategy, to determine the frequency of GBA1 variants in Norwegian PD patients and controls, and to review the current literature on newly identified variants that add to pathogenicity determination. METHODS We included 462 Norwegian PD patients and 367 healthy controls. We sequenced the full-length GBA1 gene on the Oxford Nanopore GridION as an 8.9 kb amplicon. Six analysis pipelines were compared using two aligners (NGMLR, Minimap2) and three variant callers (BCFtools, Clair3, Pepper-Margin-Deepvariant). Confirmation of GBA1 variants was performed by Sanger sequencing and the pathogenicity of variants was evaluated. RESULTS We found 95.8% (115/120) true-positive GBA1 variant calls, while 4.2% (5/120) variant calls were false-positive, with the NGMLR/Minimap2-BCFtools pipeline performing best. In total, 13 rare GBA1 variants were detected: two were predicted to be (likely) pathogenic and eleven were of uncertain significance. The odds of carrying one of the two common GBA1 variants, p.L483P or p.N409S, in PD patients were estimated to be 4.11 times the odds of carrying one of these variants in controls (OR = 4.11 [1.39, 12.12]). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we have demonstrated that Oxford long-read Nanopore sequencing, along with the NGMLR/Minimap2-BCFtools pipeline is an effective tool to investigate GBA1 variants. Further studies on the pathogenicity of GBA1 variants are needed to assess their effect on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Christoph Much
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany.
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2
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GBA1 Gene Mutations in α-Synucleinopathies-Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathology and Their Clinical Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032044. [PMID: 36768367 PMCID: PMC9917178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by altered accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein inside neurons and glial cells. This aggregation leads to the formation of intraneuronal inclusions, Lewy bodies, that constitute the hallmark of α-synuclein pathology. The most prevalent α-synucleinopathies are Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). To date, only symptomatic treatment is available for these disorders, hence new approaches to their therapy are needed. It has been observed that GBA1 mutations are one of the most impactful risk factors for developing α-synucleinopathies such as PD and DLB. Mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes a lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause a reduction in GCase activity and impaired α-synuclein metabolism. The most abundant GBA1 gene mutations are N370S or N409S, L444P/L483P and E326K/E365K. The mechanisms by which GCase impacts α-synuclein aggregation are poorly understood and need to be further investigated. Here, we discuss some of the potential interactions between α-synuclein and GCase and show how GBA1 mutations may impact the course of the most prevalent α-synucleinopathies.
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3
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Sergi CM. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for Parkinson's Disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1029-1041. [PMID: 35748799 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, we have experienced increased use of nutraceuticals worldwide with a demand for organic foods, which has been elevated to an extent probably unmatched with other periods of our civilization. One of the nutraceuticals that gained attention is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea. It has been suggested that diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can benefit from consuming some antioxidants, despite current results showing little evidence for their use in preventing and treating these diseases. ECGC may be beneficial in delaying the neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra (SN) regardless of the origin of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review covers the effect of EGCG on vitro and animal models of PD, the potential mechanisms of neuroprotection involved and summaries recent clinical trials in human PD. This review also aims to provide an investigative analysis of the current knowledge in this field and identify putative crucial issues. Environmental factors such as dietary habits, drug use, and social interaction are all factors that influence the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the use of nutraceuticals requires further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
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4
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Petrucci S, Ginevrino M, Trezzi I, Monfrini E, Ricciardi L, Albanese A, Avenali M, Barone P, Bentivoglio AR, Bonifati V, Bove F, Bonanni L, Brusa L, Cereda C, Cossu G, Criscuolo C, Dati G, De Rosa A, Eleopra R, Fabbrini G, Fadda L, Garbellini M, Minafra B, Onofrj M, Pacchetti C, Palmieri I, Pellecchia MT, Petracca M, Picillo M, Pisani A, Vallelunga A, Zangaglia R, Di Fonzo A, Morgante F, Valente EM. GBA-Related Parkinson's Disease: Dissection of Genotype-Phenotype Correlates in a Large Italian Cohort. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2106-2111. [PMID: 32658388 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in GBA are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The impact of different variants on the PD clinical spectrum is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We determined the frequency of GBA-related PD in Italy and correlated GBA variants with motor and nonmotor features and their occurrence over time. METHODS Sanger sequencing of the whole GBA gene was performed. Variants were classified as mild, severe, complex, and risk. β-glucocerebrosidase activity was measured. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed. RESULTS Among 874 patients with PD, 36 variants were detected in 14.3%, including 20.4% early onset. Patients with GBA-PD had earlier and more frequent occurrence of several nonmotor symptoms. Patients with severe and complex GBA-PD had the highest burden of symptoms and a higher risk of hallucinations and cognitive impairment. Complex GBA-PD had the lowest β-glucocerebrosidase activity. CONCLUSIONS GBA-PD is highly prevalent in Italy. Different types of mutations underlie distinct phenotypic profiles. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trezzi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricciardi
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Albanese
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Avenali
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Bove
- Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Livia Brusa
- Parkinson Center, Neurology Complex Operative Unit, Sant'Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
| | - Laura Fadda
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Garbellini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Palmieri
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Martina Petracca
- Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Morgante
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Mahungu AC, Anderson DG, Rossouw AC, van Coller R, Carr JA, Ross OA, Bardien S. Screening of the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene in South Africans of African ancestry with Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 88:156.e11-156.e14. [PMID: 32035846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sequence variants in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) are a major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), and display ethnic-dependent frequencies, for example, variants such as p.N370S and 84insGG are common in Ashkenazi Jewish patients. Notably, there are limited studies on black patients from the African continent; hence, we conducted a study on 30 South African black PD patients. All 11 exons of GBA were screened using a nested PCR approach to avoid pseudogene contamination. We identified previously described Gaucher's disease-associated variants, p.R120W in one patient [age at onset (AAO) of 35 years], and p.R131L in another patient (AAO 30 years) and in her affected sibling (AAO 45 years). In addition, we found 3 previously identified [p.K(-27)R, p.T36del, and p.Q497*] and 2 novel (p.F216L and p.G478R) variants. Screening of ethnic-matched controls for the novel variants revealed that the allele frequency of p.F216L was 9.9%, whereas p.G478R was not found in the controls. Studies such as these are important and necessary to reveal the genetic architecture underlying PD in the understudied patients of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amokelani C Mahungu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David G Anderson
- University of the Witwatersrand Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Neurology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anastasia C Rossouw
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - Riaan van Coller
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan A Carr
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Neurology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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6
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Leonard H, Blauwendraat C, Krohn L, Faghri F, Iwaki H, Ferguson G, Day-Williams AG, Stone DJ, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Gan-Or Z. Genetic variability and potential effects on clinical trial outcomes: perspectives in Parkinson's disease. J Med Genet 2019; 57:331-338. [PMID: 31784483 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical randomisation of clinical trial patients creates a source of genetic variance that may be contributing to the high failure rate seen in neurodegenerative disease trials. Our objective was to quantify genetic difference between randomised trial arms and determine how imbalance can affect trial outcomes. METHODS 5851 patients with Parkinson's disease of European ancestry data and two simulated virtual cohorts based on public data were used. Data were resampled at different sizes for 1000 iterations and randomly assigned to the two arms of a simulated trial. False-negative and false-positive rates were estimated using simulated clinical trials, and per cent difference in genetic risk score (GRS) and allele frequency was calculated to quantify variance between arms. RESULTS 5851 patients with Parkinson's disease (mean (SD) age, 61.02 (12.61) years; 2095 women (35.81%)) as well as simulated patients from virtually created cohorts were used in the study. Approximately 90% of the iterations had at least one statistically significant difference in individual risk SNPs between each trial arm. Approximately 5%-6% of iterations had a statistically significant difference between trial arms in mean GRS. For significant iterations, the average per cent difference for mean GRS between trial arms was 130.87%, 95% CI 120.89 to 140.85 (n=200). Glucocerebrocidase (GBA) gene-only simulations see an average 18.86%, 95% CI 18.01 to 19.71 difference in GRS scores between trial arms (n=50). When adding a drug effect of -0.5 points in MDS-UPDRS per year at n=50, 33.9% of trials resulted in false negatives. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that within genetically unmatched clinical trials, genetic heterogeneity could confound true therapeutic effects as expected. Clinical trials should undergo pretrial genetic adjustment or, at the minimum, post-trial adjustment and analysis for failed trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hampton Leonard
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Faraz Faghri
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew B Singleton
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA .,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Illés A, Csabán D, Grosz Z, Balicza P, Gézsi A, Molnár V, Bencsik R, Gál A, Klivényi P, Molnar MJ. The Role of Genetic Testing in the Clinical Practice and Research of Early-Onset Parkinsonian Disorders in a Hungarian Cohort: Increasing Challenge in Genetic Counselling, Improving Chances in Stratification for Clinical Trials. Front Genet 2019; 10:1061. [PMID: 31737044 PMCID: PMC6837163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic analysis of early-onset Parkinsonian disorder (EOPD) is part of the clinical diagnostics. Several genes have been implicated in the genetic background of Parkinsonism, which is clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The identification of patient's genotype could support clinical decision-making process and also track and analyse outcomes in a comprehensive fashion. The aim of our study was to analyse the genetic background of EOPD in a Hungarian cohort and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of different genetic investigations. The age of onset was between 25 and 50 years. To identify genetic alterations, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (n = 142), Sanger sequencing of the most common PD-associated genes (n = 142), and next-generation sequencing (n = 54) of 127 genes which were previously associated to neurodegenerative disorders were carried out. The genetic analysis identified several heterozygous damaging substitutions in PD-associated genes (C19orf12, DNAJC6, DNAJC13, EIF4G1, LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1, PLA2G6, SYNJ1). CNVs in PRKN and SNCA genes were found in five patients. In our cohort, nine previously published genetic risk factors were detected in three genes (GBA, LRRK2, and PINK1). In nine cases, two or three coexisting pathogenic mutations and risk variants were identified. Advances of sequencing technologies make it possible to aid diagnostics of PD by widening the scope of analysis to genes which were previously linked to other neurodegenerative disorders. Our data suggested that rare damaging variants are enriched versus neutral variants, among PD patients in the Hungarian population, which raise the possibility of an oligogenic effect. Heterozygous mutations of multiple recessive genes involved in the same pathway may perturb the molecular process linked to PD pathogenesis. Comprehensive genetic assessment of individual patients can rarely reveal monogenic cause in EOPD, although it may identify the involvement of multiple PD-associated genes in the background of the disease and may facilitate the better understanding of clinically distinct phenocopies. Due to the genetic complexity of the disease, genetic counselling and management is getting more challenging. Clinical geneticist should be prepared for counselling of patients with coexisting disease-causing mutations and susceptibility factors. At the same time, genomic-based stratification has increasing importance in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Illés
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Csabán
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Grosz
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Balicza
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Gézsi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bencsik
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gál
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Mokhtariye A, Hagh-Nazari L, Varasteh AR, Keyfi F. Diagnostic methods for Lysosomal Storage Disease. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 7:119-128. [PMID: 30805390 PMCID: PMC6374068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a class of metabolic disturbance in which manifested by the accumulation of large molecules (complex lipids, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, etc.) in lysosomes. LSDs have a wide range of clinical symptoms that may contain organ dysfunction, neurological and skeletal disorders. The first stage of diagnosis is clinically suspected by a physician. Next stage is enzyme activity assays including Fluorometry and MS/MS methods. These methods usually placed in newborn program screening. The second laboratory diagnostic stage is molecular examination (RFLP-PCR and ARMS-PCR, Mutations Scanning Methods, DNA sequencing, MLPA and NGS methods) that is confirmation of the enzyme assays. In this article, routine diagnostic methods for LSDs were discussed. The gold standard for enzyme activity assay and molecular diagnosis is TMS and NGS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mokhtariye
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of
Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical
Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Hagh-Nazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of
Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdol-Reza Varasteh
- Immunobiochemistry Lab, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical
Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keyfi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical
Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Emelyanov AK, Usenko TS, Tesson C, Senkevich KA, Nikolaev MA, Miliukhina IV, Kopytova AE, Timofeeva AA, Yakimovsky AF, Lesage S, Brice A, Pchelina SN. Mutation analysis of Parkinson's disease genes in a Russian data set. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:267.e7-267.e10. [PMID: 30146349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Common variants and risk factors related to familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) in diverse populations have been identified at numerous genomic loci. In this study, genetic analysis was performed through a screening of LRRK2 G2019S, GBA mutations (L444P, N370S), and common variants (E326K, T369M) in 762 PD patients and in 400 controls. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 22 PD-related genes in 28 early-onset PD cases from North-Western region of Russia was performed. The frequency of LRRK2 G2019S mutation was 5.8% in familial and 0.5% in sporadic PD cases. The frequency of GBA mutations (L444P, N370S) in PD patients was higher compared to controls (odds ratio [OR] = 6.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-53.13, p = 0.031), particularly in patients with early-onset compared to late-onset PD (OR = 3.90 [95% CI, 1.2-13.2], p = 0.009). The frequency of E326K and T369M was twice higher among PD patients than in controls (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.05-4.79, p = 0.033). However, the screening of 22 PD-related genes using our novel panel of gene resequencing in our series of 28 early-onset PD failed to identify any mutations. LRRK2 and GBA mutations were found to be common risk factors for PD in North-Western region of Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton K Emelyanov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Usenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia; CT, SL, AB Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- CT, SL, AB Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Konstantin A Senkevich
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Nikolaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V Miliukhina
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alena E Kopytova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla A Timofeeva
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey F Yakimovsky
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- CT, SL, AB Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- CT, SL, AB Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Sofya N Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Saint-Petersburg, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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The Association between E326K of GBA and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 2018:1048084. [PMID: 29808112 PMCID: PMC5901859 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1048084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that both the homozygous and heterozygous states of GBA mutations which are the causes of Gaucher disease (GD) are linked to the risk of PD. However, the GBA variant p.E326K (c.1093G > A, rs2230288), which does not result in GD in homozygous carriers, has triggered debate among experts studying Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to determine if the E326K variant of GBA is associated with the risk of PD, a standard meta-analysis was conducted by searching and screening publications, data extraction, and statistical analysis. Finally, a total of 15 publications, containing 5,908 PD patients and 5,605 controls, were included in this analysis. The pooled OR of the E326K genotype analysis was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.57–2.51). The minor allele frequencies of E326K for PD patients and controls were 1.67% and 1.03%, respectively. The pooled OR for the minor allele A was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.58–2.50). According to the subgroup analysis, we found that the significant differences between PD patients and controls for both genotype and allele of E326K also exist in Asians and Caucasians, respectively. In this study, we found that E326K of GBA is associated with the risk of PD in total populations, Asians, and Caucasians, respectively. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of GBA in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Zhang Y, Shu L, Sun Q, Zhou X, Pan H, Guo J, Tang B. Integrated Genetic Analysis of Racial Differences of Common GBA Variants in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29527153 PMCID: PMC5829555 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have indicated that there is a possible relationship between GBA variants and Parkinson's disease (PD), however, most of them focused on a few variants such as L444P, N370S. We performed a comprehensive pooled analysis to clarify the relationship between variations of GBA and the risk of PD in different racial groups. Methods: Standard meta-analysis was conducted, including generating inclusion and exclusion criteria, searching literature, extracting and analyzing data. Results: Fifty studies containing 20,267 PD patients and 24,807 controls were included. We found that variants 84insGG, IVS2+1G>A, R120W, H255Q, E326K, T369M, N370S, D409H, L444P, R496H and RecNciI increased the risk of PD in total populations (OR: 1.78–10.49; p: <0.00001, 0.00005, 0.0008, 0.005, <0.00001, 0.004, <0.00001, 0.0003, <0.00001, <0.0001, 0.0001). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, in AJ populations, variants 84insGG, R496H, N370S increased the risk of PD (OR: 9.26–3.51; p: <0.00001, <0.0001, <0.00001). In total non-AJ populations, variants L444P, R120W, IVS2+1G>A, H255Q, N370S, D409H, RecNciI, E326K, T369M increased the risk of PD (OR: 8.66–1.89; p: <0.00001, 0.0008, 0.02, 0.005, <0.00001, 0.001, 0.0001, <0.00001, 0.002). Among the non-AJ populations, pooled analysis from five different groups were done separately. Variants L444P, N370S, H255Q, D409H, RecNciI, E326K increased risk of PD (OR: 6.52–1.84; p: <0.00001, <0.00001, 0.005, 0.005, 0.04, <0.00001) in European/West Asians while R120W and RecNciI in East Asians (OR: 14.93, 3.56; p: 0.001, 0.003). L444P increased the risk of PD in Hispanics, East Asians and Mixed populations (OR: 15.44, 12.43, 7.33; p: 0.00004, <0.00001, 0.009). Lacking of enough original studies, we failed to conduct quantitative analysis in Africa. Conclusions: Obvious racial differences were found for GBA variants in PD. 84insGG and R496H exclusively increased PD risks in AJ populations, so did L444P, R120W, IVS2+1G>A, H255Q, D409H, RecNciI, E326K, T369M in non-AJ populations. N370S increased the risk of PD in both ethnics. In non-AJ subgroup populations, N370S, H255Q, D409H, E326K exclusively increased PD risks in European/West Asians, as were R120W in East Asians. L444P increased the risk of PD in all groups in non-AJ ethnicity. These results will contribute to the future genetic screening of GBA gene in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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