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Karamysheva TV, Lebedev IN, Minaycheva LI, Nazarenko LP, Kashevarova AA, Fedotov DA, Skryabin NA, Lopatkina ME, Cheremnykh AD, Fonova EA, Nikitina TV, Sazhenova EA, Skleimova MM, Kolesnikov NA, Drozdov GV, Yakovleva YS, Seitova GN, Orishchenko KE, Rubtsov NB. A case report of Pallister-Killian syndrome with an unusual mosaic supernumerary marker chromosome 12 with interstitial 12p13.1-p12.1 duplication. Front Genet 2024; 15:1331066. [PMID: 38528911 PMCID: PMC10961358 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1331066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare inherited disease with multiple congenital anomalies, profound intellectual disability, and the presence in the karyotype of sSMC - i(12)(p10). The frequency of PKS may be underestimated due to problems with cytogenetic diagnosis caused by tissue-specific mosaicism and usually a low percentage of peripheral blood cells containing sSMC. Such tissue-specific mosaicism also complicates a detailed analysis of the sSMC, which, along with the assessment of mosaicism in different tissues, is an important part of cytogenetic diagnosis in PKS. Unfortunately, a full-fledged diagnosis in PKS is either practically impossible or complicated. On the one hand, this is due to problems with the biopsy of various tissues (skin biopsy with fibroblast culture is most often used in practice); on the other - a low percentage of dividing peripheral blood cells containing sSMC, which often significantly complicates the analysis of its composition and organization. In the present study, a detailed analysis of sSMC was carried out in a patient with a characteristic clinical picture of PKS. A relatively high percentage of peripheral blood cells with sSMC (50%) made it possible to perform a detailed molecular cytogenetic analysis of de novo sSMC using chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization (CISS-hybridization), multicolor FISH (mFISH), multicolor chromosome banding (MCB), array CGH (aCGH), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and short tandem repeat (STR) - analysis. As a result, it was found that the sSMC is not a typical PKS derivative of chromosome 12. In contrast to the classical i(12)(p10) for PKS, the patient's cells contained an acrocentric chromosome consisting of 12p material. Clusters of telomeric repeats were found at the both ends of the sSMC. Furthemore, the results of aCGH and qPCR indicate the presence of interstitial 8.9 Mb duplication at 12p13.1-p12.1 within the sSMC, which leads to different representations of DNA from different segments of 12p within cells containing sSMC. The obtained data raise the question of the instability of the sSMC and, as a consequence, the possible presence of additional rearrangements, which, in traditional cytogenetic analysis of patients with PKS, are usually described as i(12)(p10).
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I. N. Lebedev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L. I. Minaycheva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L. P. Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. A. Kashevarova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - D. A. Fedotov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N. A. Skryabin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. E. Lopatkina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. D. Cheremnykh
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E. A. Fonova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T. V. Nikitina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E. A. Sazhenova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. M. Skleimova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N. A. Kolesnikov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G. V. Drozdov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Y. S. Yakovleva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G. N. Seitova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K. E. Orishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. B. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Fetta A, Toni F, Pettenuzzo I, Ricci E, Rocca A, Gambi C, Soliani L, Di Pisa V, Martini S, Sperti G, Cagnazzo V, Accorsi P, Bartolini E, Battaglia D, Bernardo P, Canevini MP, Ferrari AR, Giordano L, Locatelli C, Mancardi M, Orsini A, Pippucci T, Pruna D, Rosati A, Suppiej A, Tagliani S, Vaisfeld A, Vignoli A, Izumi K, Krantz I, Cordelli DM. Structural brain abnormalities in Pallister-Killian syndrome: a neuroimaging study of 31 children. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:107. [PMID: 38459574 PMCID: PMC10921669 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mosaic tetrasomy of 12p with wide neurological involvement. Intellectual disability, developmental delay, behavioral problems, epilepsy, sleep disturbances, and brain malformations have been described in most individuals, with a broad phenotypic spectrum. This observational study, conducted through brain MRI scan analysis on a cohort of patients with genetically confirmed PKS, aims to systematically investigate the neuroradiological features of this syndrome and identify the possible existence of a typical pattern. Moreover, a literature review differentiating the different types of neuroimaging data was conducted for comparison with our population. RESULTS Thirty-one individuals were enrolled (17 females/14 males; age range 0.1-17.5 years old at first MRI). An experienced pediatric neuroradiologist reviewed brain MRIs, blindly to clinical data. Brain abnormalities were observed in all but one individual (compared to the 34% frequency found in the literature review). Corpus callosum abnormalities were found in 20/30 (67%) patients: 6 had callosal hypoplasia; 8 had global hypoplasia with hypoplastic splenium; 4 had only hypoplastic splenium; and 2 had a thin corpus callosum. Cerebral hypoplasia/atrophy was found in 23/31 (74%) and ventriculomegaly in 20/31 (65%). Other frequent features were the enlargement of the cisterna magna in 15/30 (50%) and polymicrogyria in 14/29 (48%). Conversely, the frequency of the latter was found to be 4% from the literature review. Notably, in our population, polymicrogyria was in the perisylvian area in all 14 cases, and it was bilateral in 10/14. CONCLUSIONS Brain abnormalities are very common in PKS and occur much more frequently than previously reported. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria was a main aspect of our population. Our findings provide an additional tool for early diagnosis.Further studies to investigate the possible correlations with both genotype and phenotype may help to define the etiopathogenesis of the neurologic phenotype of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Toni
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neuroradiologia con Tecniche ad elevata complessità- PNTEC, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pettenuzzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilia Ricci
- Epilepsy Center, Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rocca
- UO di Pediatria d'Urgenza, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Gambi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Soliani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Pisa
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOUBO, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sperti
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria - Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagnazzo
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria - Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Bartolini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenica Battaglia
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Pia Bernardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Pediatric Psychiatry and Neurology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Epilepsy Center, Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Division, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Epicare Network for Rare Disease, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S Orsola, Bologna, Emilia- Romagna, Italy
| | - Dario Pruna
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epileptology, Pediatric Depatment, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Rosati
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Anna Meyer, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Agnese Suppiej
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Tagliani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vaisfeld
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S Orsola, Bologna, Emilia- Romagna, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASSTGrande Ospedale Metropolitano, Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., 75390, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Labani M, Afrasiabi A, Beheshti A, Lovell NH, Alinejad-Rokny H. PeakCNV: A multi-feature ranking algorithm-based tool for genome-wide copy number variation-association study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4975-4983. [PMID: 36147666 PMCID: PMC9478359 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy Number Variation (CNV) refers to a type of structural genomic alteration in which a segment of chromosome is duplicated or deleted. To date, many CNVs have been identified as causative genetic elements for several diseases and phenotypes. However, performing a CNV-based genome-wide association study is challenging due to inconsistency in length and occurrence of CNVs across different individuals under investigation. One of the most efficient strategies to address this issue is building CNV regions (genomic regions in which CNVs are overlapping - CNVRs). However, this approach is susceptible to a high false positive rate due to overlapping and co-occurring of confounding CNVRs with true positive CNVRs. Here, we develop PeakCNV that differentiates false-positive CNVRs from true positives by calculating a new metric, independence ranking score, (IR-score) via a feature ranking approach. We compared the performance of PeakCNV with other current existing tools by carrying out two case studies one using the CNV genotype data for individuals with prostate cancer (194 cases and 2,392 healthy individuals) and the second one for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (19,642 cases and 6,451 healthy individuals). Crucially, our benchmarking analyses on prostate cancer cohort indicated that PeakCNV identifies a fewer risk candidate CNVRs with shorter lengths compared to other tools. Importantly, these CNVRs cover a greater proportion of case over healthy individuals compared to other tools. The accuracy of PeakCNV in identifying relevant candidate CNVRs was reproducible in the case study on neurodevelopmental disorders. Using data from the FANTOM5 expression atlas and the Clinical Genomic Database, we show that the candidate CNVRs identified by PeakCNV for neurodevelopmental disorders overlap with a greater number of genes with the brain-enriched expression, and a greater number of genes that are associated with neurological conditions compared to candidate CNVRs identified by other tools. Taken together, PeakCNV outperformed current existing CNV association study tools by identifying more biologically meaningful CNVRs relevant to the phenotype of interest. PeakCNV is publicly available for the analysis of CNV-associated diseases and is accessible from https://rdrr.io/github/mahdieh1/PeakCNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Labani
- BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Data Analytics Lab, School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amin Beheshti
- Data Analytics Lab, School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nigel H Lovell
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering (GSBmE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Tyree Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,UNSW Data Science Hub, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Health Data Analytics Program, AI-enabled Processes (AIP) Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
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Fetta A, Soliani L, Trevisan A, Pugliano R, Ricci E, Di Pisa V, Pignataro V, Angotti M, Rocca A, Salce B, Mancardi MM, Giordano L, Pruna D, Parmeggiani A, Cordelli DM. Cognitive, Behavioral, and Sensory Profile of Pallister–Killian Syndrome: A Prospective Study of 22 Individuals. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020356. [PMID: 35205401 PMCID: PMC8872298 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental delay and intellectual disability are two pivotal elements of the phenotype of Pallister–Killian Syndrome (PKS). Our study aims to define the cognitive, adaptive, behavioral, and sensory profile of these patients and to evaluate possible correlations between the different aspects investigated and with the main clinical and demographic variables. Methods: Individuals of any age with genetically confirmed PKS were recruited. Those ≤ 42 months were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley-III), and those > 42 months the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales—Second Edition (Vineland-II). Stereotyped behaviors (Stereotypy Severity Scale, SSS) and aggressive behaviors (Behavior Problems Inventory—Short Version, BPIs) were assessed in all subjects > 1 year; sensory profile (Child Sensory Profile 2, C-SP2) in all aged 2–18 years. Results: Twenty-two subjects were enrolled (11 F/11 M; age 9 months to 28 years). All subjects ≤ 42 months had psychomotor developmental delay. Of the subjects > 42 months, 15 had low IQ deviation, and 1 in the normal range. Stereotypies were frequent (median SSS-total score 25/68). Lower Vineland-II values corresponded to greater intensity and frequency of stereotypies (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003), and self-injurious behaviors (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002). Patients with severe low vision had greater interference of stereotypies (p = 0.027), and frequency and severity of aggressive behaviors (p = 0.026; p = 0.032). The C-SP2, while not homogeneous across subjects, showed prevalence of low registration and sensory seeking profiles and hypersensitivity to tactile and auditory stimuli. Lower Vineland-II scores correlated with higher Registration scores (p = 0.041), while stereotypies were more frequent and severe in case of high auditory sensitivity (p = 0.019; p = 0.007). Finally, greater sleep impairment correlated with stereotypies and self-injurious behaviors, and lower Vineland-II scores. Conclusions: The present study provides a further step in the investigation of the etiopathogenesis of the syndrome. Furthermore, these aspects could guide rehabilitation therapy through the identification of targeted protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Soliani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessia Trevisan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosa Pugliano
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Emilia Ricci
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Epilepsy Center, Ospedale San Paolo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano, 98051 Milan, Italy;
| | - Veronica Di Pisa
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Veronica Pignataro
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Marida Angotti
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Rocca
- UO di Pediatria d’Urgenza, IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Bianca Salce
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16128 Genova, Italy;
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Division, Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Dario Pruna
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epileptology, Pediatric Depatment, ARNAS Brotzu, 09134 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Antonia Parmeggiani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.); (R.P.); (V.D.P.); (V.P.); (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Samango-Sprouse CA, Hamzik MP, Rosenbaum K, Khaksari K, Mitchell F, Kommareddi R, Brooks MR, Tipton E, Sadeghin T, Gropman AL. Case Report: A Case Study on the Neurodevelopmental Profile of a Child With Pallister-Killian Syndrome and His Unaffected Twin. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:817133. [PMID: 35372156 PMCID: PMC8965074 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.817133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pallister-Killian syndrome is an uncommon genetic disorder that has broad developmental and multisystemic effects. While medical complications are widely reported throughout the literature, research on the neurodevelopmental profile has been limited. Case reports make up the majority of the few existing studies regarding the neurodevelopmental phenotype associated with this disorder. The current case report describes a 3-year-old male with Pallister-Killian syndrome (AF), reports the neurodevelopmental evaluation of his unaffected twin brother (MF), and outlines the results of an optical imaging study on both boys. AF presents with severe developmental delays, however, he ambulates with support and engages in conversation using his communication device. Most severely impaired was AF's speech and expressive language, with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) as a possible explanation for these severe deficits. MF, the sibling, demonstrated neurotypical abilities and often advanced scores for his age. Both subjects completed a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study, revealing decreased temporal and frontal lobe function in AF and typical functioning in MF. This case report expands on the existing literature on PKS by describing variances in fraternal twin presentation and novel reporting on fNIRS findings in both boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole A Samango-Sprouse
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Mary P Hamzik
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth Rosenbaum
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kosar Khaksari
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Francie Mitchell
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Ritika Kommareddi
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Michaela R Brooks
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Tipton
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Teresa Sadeghin
- Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, United States
| | - Andrea L Gropman
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developments Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Fetta A, Di Pisa V, Ruscelli M, Soliani L, Sperti G, Ubertiello S, Ricci E, Mainieri G, Rocca A, Mancardi MM, Giordano L, Pruna D, Vignoli A, Provini F, Cordelli DM. Sleep in Children With Pallister Killian Syndrome: A Prospective Clinical and Videopolysomnographic Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:796828. [PMID: 34975740 PMCID: PMC8716439 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.796828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder with multi-organ involvement caused by mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p. Although many caregivers report the presence of impaired sleep in their children, there are no clear data in the literature on this issue and no systematic study has ever been performed. With this study, we aimed to characterize the features of sleep in Pallister-Killian syndrome and identify the possible influence of clinical and demographic features. Moreover, our aim was to verify the effectiveness of conventional screening questionnaires in this particular group of patients. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 14 patients aged 1–17 years in collaboration with PKS Kids Italia ONLUS. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Then, video polysomnography (VPSG) of at least 24 h was performed and results were compared with a same-aged control group. Results: A total of 92% of patients had abnormal SDSC scores, extremely high in the “disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep” (DIMS) and “sleep breathing disorders” (SBD) subscales. VPSG showed a significantly impaired macrostructure in PKS patients, with a higher Arousal Index (p < 0.00001) and percentage of time spent in N3 (p < 0.00001), and reduced Sleep Efficiency (p = 0.0006). After dividing both PKS and controls into two groups based on median age, some peculiarities emerged: the younger group had higher Awakenings Index (p = 0.0207) and percentage of time spent in N1 (p = 0.015) while the older group showed higher time in bed (TIB) (p = 0.0485), compared with controls. Due to poor compliance, the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was evaluated only for 10 PKS children, being significantly increased (p = 0.0427) compared with controls. SBD subscale scores in SDSC were significantly related to AHI values in VPSG (p = 0.0099). Conclusions: This study constitutes the first attempt to describe the sleep pattern in PKS. Despite small numbers due to the rarity of the syndrome, our VPSG results confirm the high prevalence of sleep disorders (SDs) in these patients. It is therefore essential to investigate and treat them. The SDSC scale is a good screening tool for early detection also in these patients, with particular sensitivity in detecting breathing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Pisa
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Di Pisa
| | - Martina Ruscelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Soliani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sperti
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria - Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Ubertiello
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilia Ricci
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Mainieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rocca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Sant'Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Division, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dario Pruna
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epileptology, Pediatric, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Provini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Madencioglu DA, Çalışkan G, Yuanxiang P, Rehberg K, Demiray YE, Kul E, Engler A, Hayani H, Bergado-Acosta JR, Kummer A, Müller I, Song I, Dityatev A, Kähne T, Kreutz MR, Stork O. Transgenic modeling of Ndr2 gene amplification reveals disturbance of hippocampus circuitry and function. iScience 2021; 24:102868. [PMID: 34381982 PMCID: PMC8340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplications and deletions of short chromosomal fragments are increasingly recognized as the cause for rare neurodevelopmental conditions and disorders. The NDR2 gene encodes a protein kinase important for neuronal development and is part of a microduplication region on chromosome 12 that is associated with intellectual disabilities, autism, and epilepsy. We developed a conditional transgenic mouse with increased Ndr2 expression in postmigratory forebrain neurons to study the consequences of an increased gene dosage of this Hippo pathway kinase on brain circuitry and cognitive functions. Our analysis reveals reduced terminal fields and synaptic transmission of hippocampal mossy fibers, altered hippocampal network activity, and deficits in mossy fiber-dependent behaviors. Reduced doublecortin expression and protein interactome analysis indicate that transgenic Ndr2 disturbs the maturation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus. Together, our data suggest that increased expression of Ndr2 may critically contribute to the development of intellectual disabilities upon gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz A. Madencioglu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pingan Yuanxiang
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39112Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kati Rehberg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yunus E. Demiray
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emre Kul
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Engler
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hussam Hayani
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jorge R. Bergado-Acosta
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kummer
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Iris Müller
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inseon Song
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39112Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, 20251Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39102Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Polymicrogyria with calcification in Pallister-Killian syndrome detected by microarray analysis. Brain Dev 2021; 43:448-453. [PMID: 33229101 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare disorder caused by the mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p, and is characterized by facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, hypotonia and seizures. RESULTS We report a patient with PKS showing unique polymicrogyria with calcification. He had delayed development and dysmorphic facial features including frontal bossing, hypertelorism, and high arched palate at 6 months of age. Neuroimaging revealed unilateral polymicrogyria with spot calcifications, which predominantly affected the right perisylvian region. Chromosome G-banding showed the karyotype 46,XY, however, array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed mosaic duplication of chromosome 12p, in which CCND2, which encodes cyclin D2 and is a downstream mediator of PI3K-AKT pathway, is located. Supernumerary chromosome of 12p was detected in 58% of buccal mucosa cells by the interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using chromosome 12 centromere-specific D12Z3 probe. The diagnosis of PKS was made based on distinctive clinical features of our patient and the results of cytogenetic analyses. CONCLUSION This report is, to our knowledge, the first case of a patient with PKS who clearly demonstrates polymicrogyria colocalized with calcifications, as shown by CT scans and MRI, and suggests that a patient with PKS could show structural brain anomalies with calcification. We assume that somatic mosaicism of tetrasomy could cause asymmetrical polymicrogyria in our patient, and speculate that increased dosages of CCND2 at chromosome 12p might be involved in the abnormal neuronal migration in PKS.
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9
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Excitatory/Inhibitory Synaptic Ratios in Polymicrogyria and Down Syndrome Help Explain Epileptogenesis in Malformations. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 116:41-54. [PMID: 33450624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs into maturing individual cortical neurons influences their epileptic potential. Structural factors during development that alter synaptic inputs can be demonstrated neuropathologically. Increased mitochondrial activity identifies neurons with excessive discharge rates. METHODS This study focuses on the neuropathological examinaion of surgical resections for epilepsy and at autopsy, in fetuses, infants, and children, using immunocytochemical markers, and electron microscopy in selected cases. Polymicrogyria and Down syndrome are highlighted. RESULTS Factors influencing afferent synaptic ratios include the following: (1) synaptic short-circuitry in fused molecular zones of adjacent gyri (polymicrogyria); (2) impaired development of dendritic spines decreasing excitation (Down syndrome); (3) extracellular keratan sulfate proteoglycan binding to somatic membranes but not dendritic spines may be focally diminished (cerebral atrophy, schizencephaly, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria) or augmented, ensheathing individual axons (holoprosencephaly), or acting as a barrier to axonal passage in the U-fiber layer. If keratan is diminished, glutamate receptors on the neuronal soma enable ectopic axosomatic excitatory synapses to form; (4) dysplastic, megalocytic neurons and balloon cells in mammalian target of rapamycin disorders; (5) satellitosis of glial cells displacing axosomatic synapses; (6) peri-neuronal inflammation (tuberous sclerosis) and heat-shock proteins. CONCLUSIONS Synaptic ratio of excitatory/inhibitory afferents is a major fundamental basis of epileptogenesis at the neuronal level. Neuropathology can demonstrate subcellular changes that help explain either epilepsy or lack of seizures in immature brains. Synaptic ratios in malformations influence postnatal epileptogenesis. Single neurons can be hypermetabolic and potentially epileptogenic.
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10
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Gigliotti MJ, Tachie-Baffour Y, Jafrani RJ, Lane J, Rizk E. A Novel Case of Tethered Cord in a Five-Month-Old Male With Pallister-Killian Syndrome. Cureus 2020; 12:e11240. [PMID: 33269168 PMCID: PMC7704268 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A five-month-old male presented with an incidentally found low-lying conus medullaris on ultrasound and subsequent MRI demonstrating its position at L4. Pre-operative examination findings included mild, global hypotonia and a coccygeal dimple without bladder or bowel abnormalities or spasticity. The patient underwent spinal cord untethering with a section of filum terminale and was discharged without complication following his procedure. Follow-up at one year revealed continued baseline hypotonia without further neurosurgical needs. This is the first reported case of tethered cord syndrome described in a patient with Pallister-Killian syndrome managed successfully with neurosurgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gigliotti
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Yaw Tachie-Baffour
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Ryan J Jafrani
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Jessica Lane
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Elias Rizk
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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11
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Eid MM, Eid OM, Abdel-Hadi S, Hassib N, Madian A, Afifi HH, Abdel-Salam GMH. Clinical Variability of Pallister-Killian Syndrome in Two Egyptian Patients. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:207-210. [PMID: 32714624 PMCID: PMC7375844 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare sporadic genetic disorder caused by a mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p, which mainly manifests with craniofacial dysmorphism, intellectual disability (ID), auditory disturbance, epilepsy, and a variety of congenital malformations. The diagnosis of PKS can be complicated due to the phenotypic variation, and an overlap with other syndromes makes the molecular cytogenetic test necessary for a correct diagnosis. We identified two unrelated patients with typical facial features of PKS, including bitemporal alopecia, hypertelorism, and abnormal ears. Furthermore, the two patients had pigmentary skin anomalies, broad and short hands and fingers, and hypotonia. However, they differed in the degree of ID and ophthalmological findings. Patient 1 showed profound ID and poor macular function, whereas patient 2 had moderate ID and normal fundus. Mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p was found in 40 and 25% of the cells of patients 1 and 2, respectively, by fluorescent in situ hybridization of cultured skin fibroblasts. The higher percentage of mosaic cells with tetrasomy 12p found in patient 1 may explain the severe phenotype. This report expands the clinical manifestations of PKS and highlights the variable expressivity of clinical features in relation to the cytogenetics findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Eid
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M. Eid
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt,Address for correspondence Ola M. Eid, PhD Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research CentreEl Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622Egypt
| | | | - Nehal Hassib
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Oro-Dental Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Madian
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Afifi
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. H. Abdel-Salam
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Elsheikh A, Al Shehhi M, Goud TM, Itoo B, Al Harasi S. Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome in an Omani Newborn: A Case Report and Literature Review. Oman Med J 2019; 34:249-253. [PMID: 31110634 PMCID: PMC6505352 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome (PKS) is a rare sporadic condition with multiple congenital anomalies and intellectual deficits caused by mosaic tissue-limited tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p). The clinical features are highly variable, ranging from mild to severe. Diagnosis is usually missed because of the low level of mosaicism in peripheral lymphocytes. We present a case of an Omani newborn with PKS with severe clinical presentation and multisystem involvement that lead to postnatal death. Karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies confirmed the presence of chromosome 12p duplication. This is the first case of PKS reported in the literature from Oman and the Arab world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Elsheikh
- National Genetic Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Bashir Itoo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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13
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Poulton C, Baynam G, Yates C, Alinejad-Rokny H, Williams S, Wright H, Woodward KJ, Sivamoorthy S, Peverall J, Shipman P, Ravine D, Beilby J, Heng JIT. A review of structural brain abnormalities in Pallister-Killian syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 6:92-98. [PMID: 29222831 PMCID: PMC5823685 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare multisystem developmental syndrome usually caused by mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p that is known to be associated with neurological defects. METHODS We describe two patients with PKS, one of whom has bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (PMG), the other with macrocephaly, enlarged lateral ventricles and hypogenesis of the corpus callosum. We have also summarized the current literature describing brain abnormalities in PKS. RESULTS We reviewed available cases with intracranial scans (n = 93) and found a strong association between PKS and structural brain abnormalities (77.41%; 72/93). Notably, ventricular abnormalities (45.83%; 33/72), abnormalities of the corpus callosum (25.00%; 18/72) and cerebral atrophy (29.17%; 21/72) were the most frequently reported, while macrocephaly (12.5%; 9/72) and PMG (4.17%; 3/72) were less frequent. To further understand how 12p genes might be relevant to brain development, we identified 63 genes which are enriched in the nervous system. These genes display distinct temporal as well as region-specific expression in the brain, suggesting specific roles in neurodevelopment and disease. Finally, we utilized these data to define minimal critical regions on 12p and their constituent genes associated with atrophy, abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and macrocephaly in PKS. CONCLUSION Our study reinforces the association between brain abnormalities and PKS, and documents a diverse neurogenetic basis for structural brain abnormalities and impaired function in children diagnosed with this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Poulton
- Department of Neurology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health and Clinical Services Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Perth, WA, Australia.,Spatial Sciences, Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Clarissa Yates
- Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Williams
- Department of Neurology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Helen Wright
- Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Karen J Woodward
- PathWest, Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter Shipman
- Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - David Ravine
- PathWest, Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- PathWest, Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Sarich Neuroscience Institute, Curtin University, Crawley, WA, Australia
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