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He J, Hao F, Song S, Zhang J, Zhou H, Zhang J, Li Y. METTL Family in Healthy and Disease. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:33. [PMID: 39155349 PMCID: PMC11330956 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription, RNA splicing, RNA translation, and post-translational protein modification are fundamental processes of gene expression. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, RNA modifications, and protein modifications, play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. The methyltransferase-like protein (METTL) family, a constituent of the 7-β-strand (7BS) methyltransferase subfamily, is broadly distributed across the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Members of the METTL family, through their S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) binding domain, can transfer methyl groups to DNA, RNA, or proteins, thereby impacting processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and mRNA translation, to participate in the maintenance of normal function or promote disease development. This review primarily examines the involvement of the METTL family in normal cell differentiation, the maintenance of mitochondrial function, and its association with tumor formation, the nervous system, and cardiovascular diseases. Notably, the METTL family is intricately linked to cellular translation, particularly in its regulation of translation factors. Members represent important molecules in disease development processes and are associated with patient immunity and tolerance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, future research directions could include the development of drugs or antibodies targeting its structural domains, and utilizing nanomaterials to carry miRNA corresponding to METTL family mRNA. Additionally, the precise mechanisms underlying the interactions between the METTL family and cellular translation factors remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Fengchen Hao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Shiqi Song
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, No. 29, Tongren Road, West of the City, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, No. 29, Tongren Road, West of the City, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, China.
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Yang J, Peng Y, Ding Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu C. The Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Endocervical Gastric-Type Adenocarcinoma and the Use of Claudin18.2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100569. [PMID: 39025403 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Endocervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma (GAS) is an aggressive type of endocervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized as being unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV) and resistant to chemo/radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the histology, immunohistochemistry patterns, and molecular characteristics in a large cohort of GAS (n = 62). Histologically, the majority of GAS cases exhibited a distinct morphology resembling gastric glands, although 2 exceptional cases exhibited HPV-associated adenocarcinoma morphology while retaining the characteristic histology of GAS at the invasive front. By immunohistochemistry, Claudin18.2 emerged as a highly sensitive and specific marker for GAS. Additionally, the strong expression of Claudin18.2 in patients with GAS indicated the potential of anti-Claudin18.2 therapy in the treatment of GAS. Other immunohistochemistry markers, including Muc6, p16, p53, Pax8, ER, and PR, may provide additional diagnostic clues for GAS. Quantitative methylation analysis revealed that the overexpression of Claudin18.2 in GAS was governed by the hypomethylation of the CLDN18.2 promoter CpG islands. To further elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of GAS and its relationship with gastric adenocarcinoma, we performed whole exome sequencing on 11 GAS and 9 gastric adenocarcinomas. TP53, CDKN2A, STK11, and TTN emerged as the most frequently mutated genes in GAS. Mutations in these genes primarily affected cell growth, cell cycle regulation, senescence, and apoptosis. Intriguingly, these top mutated genes in GAS were also commonly mutated in gastric and pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas. Regarding germline variants, we identified a probably pathogenic variant in SPINK1, a gene linked to hereditary pancreatic cancer syndrome, in one GAS sample. This finding suggests a potential pathogenic link between pancreatic cancers and GAS. Overall, GAS exhibits molecular characteristics that resemble those observed in gastric and pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas, thereby lending support to the aggressive nature of GAS compared with HPV-associated adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Fourth Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Congrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Lu Y, Wu H, Fu K, Shen Y, Li L, Liao Z, Liu Y, Kang Y, Zhang Y. PAX1 methylation as a robust predictor: developing and validating a nomogram for assessing endocervical curettage (ECC) necessity in human papillomavirus16/18-positive women undergoing colposcopy. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:77. [PMID: 38849868 PMCID: PMC11157736 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The major challenge in routine endocervical curettage (ECC) among Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18-positive patients is that only a small fraction benefit. Nevertheless, current reported models often overestimate the validity and necessity of ECC, making it difficult to improve benefits for patients. This research hypothesized that assessing paired boxed gene 1 methylation levels (PAX1m) and clinical characteristics could enhance the predictive accuracy of detecting additional high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL +) through ECC that were not identified by colposcopy-directed biopsy (CDB). METHODS Data from 134 women with HPV16/18 positivity undergoing CDB and ECC between April 2018 and April 2022 were collected and analyzed. Quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) was utilized to measure PAX1m, expressed as ΔCp. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to screen variables and select predictive factors. A nomogram was constructed using multivariate logistic regression to predict additional HSIL + detected by ECC. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the nomogram were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the calibration plot. RESULTS Age (odds ratio [OR], 5.654; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.131-37.700), cytology (OR, 24.978; 95% CI, 3.085-540.236), and PAX1 methylation levels by grade (PAX1m grade) (OR, 7.801; 95% CI, 1.548-44.828) were independent predictive factors for additional detection of HSIL + by ECC. In HPV16/18-positive women, the likelihood of additional detection of HSIL + through ECC increased with the severity of cytological abnormalities, peaking at 43.8% for high-grade cytological lesions. Moreover, when cytological findings indicated low-grade lesions, PAX1 methylation levels were positively correlated with the additional detection of HSIL + by ECC (P value < 0.001). A nomogram prediction model was developed (area under curve (AUC) = 0.946; 95% CI, 0.901-0.991), demonstrating high sensitivity (90.9%) and specificity (90.5%) at the optimal cutoff point of 107. Calibration analysis confirmed the model's strong agreement between predicted and observed probabilities. CONCLUSION The clinical nomogram presented promising predictive performance for the additional detection of HSIL + through ECC among women with HPV16/18 infection. PAX1 methylation level could serve as a valuable tool in guiding individualized clinical decisions regarding ECC for patients with HPV 16/18 infection, particularly in cases of low-grade cytological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyue Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Fu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - YuFei Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lucia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zexi Liao
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Li M, Zhao C, Zhang X, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Ren L, Wei L. PAX1/JAM3 Methylation and HPV Viral Load in Women with Persistent HPV Infection. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1430. [PMID: 38611108 PMCID: PMC11010937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship of PAX1/JAM3 methylation as well as HPV viral load (VL) with cervical lesions has been reported, but their role in persistent HPV infection without cervical high-grade lesions has not been fully elucidated. A total of 231 females diagnosed with persistent HPV infection and pathologically confirmed absence of high-grade cervical lesions were selected from the Colposcopy Outpatient Clinic of Peking University People's Hospital, from March 2023 to December 2023. They were categorized into two groups based on the duration of HPV infection: the HPV persistent less than 3 years group and the more than 3 years group. PAX1/JAM3 methylation and HPV VL were determined by real-time PCR and BioPerfectus Multiplex Real-Time (BMRT)-HPV reports type-specific VL/10,000 cells, respectively. The average age of individuals with HPV infection lasting more than 3 years was higher compared to those with less than 3 years (48.9 vs. 45.1 years), with a statistically significant difference. Among the participants, 81.8% (189/231) had no previous screening. The methylation levels of JAM3 and PAX1 were significantly higher in individuals with HPV infection persisting for more than 3 years compared to those with less than 3 years, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between PAX1 and JAM3 methylation (p < 0.001), which could be used as cumulative evidence of HPV infection duration before the occurrence of precancerous lesions. The incidence of vaginal intraepithelial lesions was higher in individuals with HPV infection persisting for more than 3 years compared to those with less than 3 years, and HPV VL can be used as an indicative biomarker for concurrent cervical-vaginal lesions, especially for HPV other than 16/18 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (L.R.)
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Shen C, Shi X, Wen D, Zhang Y, Du Y, Zhang Y, Ma B, Tang H, Yin M, Huang N, Liao T, Zhang TT, Kong C, Wei W, Ji Q, Wang Y. Comprehensive DNA Methylation Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Molecular Classification, Potential Therapeutic Target, and Classifier System. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:127-138. [PMID: 37931242 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) presents a distinct biological context from other thyroid cancers due to its specific cellular origin. This heterogeneous and rare tumor has a high prevalence of advanced diseases, making it crucial to address the limited therapeutic options and enhance complex clinical management. Given the high clinical accessibility of methylation information, we construct the largest MTC methylation cohort to date. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Seventy-eight fresh-frozen MTC samples constituted our methylation cohort. The comprehensive study process incorporated machine learning, statistical analysis, and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Our study pioneered the identification of a three-class clustering system for risk stratification, exhibiting pronounced epigenomic heterogeneity. The elevated overall methylation status in MTC-B, combined with the "mutual exclusivity" of hypomethylated sites displayed by MTC-A and MTC-C, distinctively characterized the MTC-specific methylation pattern. Integrating with the transcriptome, we further depicted the features of these three clusters to scrutinize biological properties. Several MTC-specific aberrant DNA methylation events were emphasized in our study. NNAT expression was found to be notably reduced in poor-prognostic MTC-C, with its promoter region overlapping with an upregulated differentially methylated region. In vitro experiments further affirmed NNAT's therapeutic potential. Moreover, we built an elastic-net logistic regression model with a relatively high AUC encompassing 68 probes, intended for future validation and systematic clinical application. CONCLUSIONS Conducting research on diseases with low incidence poses significant challenges, and we provide a robust resource and comprehensive research framework to assist in ongoing MTC case inclusion and facilitate in-depth dissection of its molecular biological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenkai Shen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Duo Wen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Naisi Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chang'e Kong
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wang SF, Du CY, Li M, Wen B, Shen QJ, Ma F, Zhang L, Deng H. Endometrial Cancer Detection by DNA Methylation Analysis in Cervical Papanicolaou Brush Samples. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241242637. [PMID: 38584417 PMCID: PMC11005493 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241242637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading gynecological cancer worldwide, yet current EC screening approaches are not satisfying. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and capability of DNA methylation analysis in cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) brush samples for EC detection. Methods: We used quantitative methylation-sensitive PCR (qMS-PCR) to determine the methylation status of candidate genes in EC tissue samples, as well as cervical Pap brushes. The ability of RASSF1A and HIST1H4F to serve as diagnostic markers for EC was then examined in cervical Pap brush samples from women with endometrial lesions of varying degrees of severity. Results: Methylated RASSF1A and HIST1H4F were found in EC tissues. Further, methylation of the two genes was also observed in cervical Pap smear samples from EC patients. Methylation levels of RASSF1A and HIST1H4F increased as endometrial lesions progressed, and cervical Pap brush samples from women affected by EC exhibited significantly higher levels of methylated RASSF1A and HIST1H4F compared to noncancerous controls (P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) analyses revealed RASSF1A and HIST1H4F methylation with a combined AUC of 0.938 and 0.951 for EC/pre-EC detection in cervical Pap brush samples, respectively. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that DNA methylation analysis in cervical Pap brush samples may be helpful for EC detection, broadening the scope of the commonly used cytological screening. Our proof-of-concept study provides new insights into the field of clinical EC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-feng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-yang Du
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Li
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-jun Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Deng
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Spinelli C, Ghionzoli M, Guglielmo C, Baroncelli G, Tyutyusheva N, Frega A, Patrizio A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A. Hypoparathyroidism Associated with Benign Thyroid Nodules in DiGeorge-like Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:850-856. [PMID: 37986268 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303274582231102094440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DiGeorge-like syndrome (DGLS) is a rare genetic disorder due to the presence of the same classical clinical manifestations of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) without its typical deletion. In the DGLS phenotype, hypoparathyroidism seldom occurs and is considered rare. In DGS, hypocalcemia affects up to 70% of patients, and a considerable share often has asymptomatic thyroid abnormalities. CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we describe an unusual case of a 16-year-old patient with DGLS due to a duplication of 365 kb in the 20p11.22 region, affected by hypoparathyroidism associated with thyroid nodule. The intraoperative parathyroid evaluation ruled out agenesis as a cause of hypoparathyroidism. In addition, we carried out a thorough literature review from 2010 to 2023 of DGLS cases using specific keywords, such as "22q11.2 deletion syndrome", "Di- George-like Syndrome", "hypoparathyroidism", "thyroid", and "children", analyzing 119 patients with DGLS. CONCLUSION Interestingly enough, the present case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of a patient with DGLS associated with hypoparathyroidism and the presence of thyroid nodules where an intraoperative observation reported a non-functional parathyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spinelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Guglielmo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giampiero Baroncelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nina Tyutyusheva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Frega
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Li X, He S, Zhao X, Sun D, Wu S, Xu D, Li Y. High -grade cervical lesions diagnosed by JAM3/PAX1 methylation in high -risk human papillomavirus -infected patients. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1820-1829. [PMID: 38448375 PMCID: PMC10930741 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, traditional cervical cancer screening methods, such as high-risk human papillomavirus testing and liquid based cytology (LBC), still possess limitations. This study aims to identify new diagnostic biomarkers to achieve the goal of "precision screening" via exploring the clinical value of DNA methylation [ΔCtP: paired box gene 1 (PAX1)and ΔCtJ: junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3)] detection in cervical exfoliated cells for the diagnosis of high-grade cervical lesions. METHODS A total of 136 patients who underwent gynecological examinations in the vaginal room of the Department of Gynecology at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively studied. Among them, 122 patients had non-high-grade cervical lesions, and 14 patients had high-grade cervical lesions. The variables included general information (age, body mass index, and menopause status), LBC, high-risk human papillomavirus, cervical tissue pathology, vaginal examination results, and the ΔCt values of JAM3 and PAX1 gene methylation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the diagnosis of high-grade cervical lesions, followed by correlation analysis and construction of a conditional inference tree model. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that the methylation ΔCt values of PAX1 and JAM3 genes and LBC detection results were statistically significant between the high-grade cervical lesions group and the non-high-grade cervical lesions group (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between cervical pathological changes and ΔCtP (r=-0.36, P<0.001), ΔCtJ (r=-0.448, P<0.001), LBC (r=-0.305, P<0.001), or bacterial diversity (r=-0.183, P=0.037). The conditional inference tree showed that when ΔCtJ>10.13, all of patients had non-high-grade cervical lesions, while ΔCtP>6.22, the number of non-high-grade lesions accounted for 97.5% (117/120), and high-grade lesions accounted for only 2.5% (3/120). When ΔCtJ>8.61 and LBC were atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance or negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), 105 (99.1%) patients were non-high-grade cervical lesions, only 1 (0.9%) patient was high-grade lesion. When the results of LBC were high-grade lesions, only 9 patients' histopathological examination was the high-grade lesions and 3 non-high-grade lesions. When LBC indicated low-grade lesions, atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance, no intraepithelial lesions, and ΔCtP>6.22, 117 (97.5%) of patients' histopathological examination was the non-high-grade lesions. CONCLUSIONS The JAM3/PAX1 gene methylation test can be used independently for the stratified diagnosis of high-grade/non-high-grade cervical lesions in women with high-risk human papillomavirus infection, independent of the cytological results of cervical excision. The JAM3/PAX1 gene methylation test can also be used in combination with LBC to make up for the shortcomings of low sensitivity of LBC. In addition, the application of methylation kit in large-scale cervical cancer screening in the future will be good to the detection of more patients with high-grade cervical lesions, and achieve early screening and early treatment for cervical lesions/cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
| | - Sili He
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Xingping Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Dabao Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Yingjia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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9
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He L, Luo X, Bu Q, Jin J, Zhou S, He S, Zhang L, Lin Y, Hong X. PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation analyses in cervical exfoliated cells are highly efficient for detecting cervical (pre)cancer in hrHPV-positive women. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2179916. [PMID: 36799003 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2179916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have investigated PAX1 and SEPT methylation were closely associated with cervical cancer. For this study, we verified the expressions of PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation in 236 hrHPV women cervical exfoliated cells by using quantitative methylation-specific PCR and we further explored their diagnostic value in cervical (pre)cancer detection. Our results identified that the methylation rates and levels of PAX1 and SEPT9 increased with cervical lesion severity. For a diagnosis of cervical (pre)cancer, the area under the curve (AUC) of PAX1 methylation was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.83) and the AUC of SEPT9 methylation was 0.86 (95% CI 0.81∼0.90). Analyses of the PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation statuses alone or combined with commonly used tests can efficiently identify cervical (pre)cancer. In particular, SEPT9 methylation might serve as an effective and powerful biomarker for the diagnosis of cervical (pre)cancer and as an alternative triage test in HPV-based cervical (pre)cancer screening programs.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? This subject showed that PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation were closely associated with cervical cancer. The methylation rates and levels of PAX1 and SEPT9 increased with cervical lesion severity and reached a peak in cervical cancer exfoliated cells. We further assessed the diagnostic performances of PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation in cervical cancer screening. In detecting cervical (pre)cancer, the sensitivity values of PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation were up to 61.18% and 82.35%, respectively, and the specificity values of PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation were up to 95.36% and 86.75%, respectively. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis showed AUC values of 0.77 for PAX1 methylation and 0.86 for SEPT9 methylation tests, which were significantly superior to other commonly used tests. These findings suggest that PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation detection may have great clinical potential in cervical cancer screening.What the results of this study add? The rates and levels of PAX1 and SEPT9 methylation increased with the severity of the cervical lesions. For a diagnosis of cervical (pre)cancer, the area under the curve (AUC) of PAX1 methylation was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.83), and the sensitivity and specificity values were 61.18% and 95.36%, respectively. The AUC value of the SEPT9 methylation was 0.86 (95% CI 0.81 ∼ 0.90), and the sensitivity and specificity values were 82.35% and 86.75%, respectively. Compared with the various tests we conducted, the PAX1 methylation showed the highest specificity (95.36%), and the SEPT9 methylation demonstrated the highest accuracy(86.00%).What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The methylation levels of PAX1 and SEPT9 had a certain predictive effect on the severity of cervical lesions in hrHPV-positive women. In addition, SEPT9 methylation analysis performs better than PAX1 methylation analysis and commonly used tests in cervical exfoliated cells for detecting cervical (pre)cancer in hrHPV-positive women. SEPT9 methylation analysis merits consideration as an effective and objective, alternative triage test in HPV-based cervical (pre)cancer screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaowen Bu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi He
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Yakici N, Kreins AY, Catak MC, Babayeva R, Erman B, Kenney H, Gungor HE, Cea PA, Kawai T, Bosticardo M, Delmonte OM, Adams S, Fan YT, Pala F, Turkyilmaz A, Howley E, Worth A, Kot H, Sefer AP, Kara A, Bulutoglu A, Bilgic-Eltan S, Altunbas MY, Bayram Catak F, Karakus IS, Karatay E, Tekeoglu SD, Eser M, Albayrak D, Citli S, Kiykim A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Ozen A, Ghosh S, Gohlke H, Orhan F, Notarangelo LD, Davies EG, Baris S. Expanding the clinical and immunological phenotypes of PAX1-deficient SCID and CID patients. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109757. [PMID: 37689091 PMCID: PMC10958138 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Paired box 1 (PAX1) deficiency has been reported in a small number of patients diagnosed with otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OFCS2). We described six new patients who demonstrated variable clinical penetrance. Reduced transcriptional activity of pathogenic variants confirmed partial or complete PAX1 deficiency. Thymic aplasia and hypoplasia were associated with impaired T cell immunity. Corrective treatment was required in 4/6 patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in poor immune reconstitution with absent naïve T cells, contrasting with the superior recovery of T cell immunity after thymus transplantation. Normal ex vivo differentiation of PAX1-deficient CD34+ cells into mature T cells demonstrated the absence of a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defect. New overlapping features with DiGeorge syndrome included primary hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) and congenital heart defects (n = 2), in line with PAX1 expression during early embryogenesis. Our results highlight new features of PAX1 deficiency, which are relevant to improving early diagnosis and identifying patients requiring corrective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Yakici
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Alexandra Y Kreins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mehmet Cihangir Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Royala Babayeva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baran Erman
- Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Can Sucak, Research Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Center for Genomics and Rare Diseases, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Heather Kenney
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hatice Eke Gungor
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Erciyes City Hospital, Turkey
| | - Pablo A Cea
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Japan
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia Maria Delmonte
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Adams
- SIHMDS-Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Tong Fan
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pala
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayberk Turkyilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Evey Howley
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hakan Kot
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Asena Pinar Sefer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Altan Kara
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Alper Bulutoglu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic-Eltan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Yorgun Altunbas
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayram Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emrah Karatay
- Department of Radiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidem Didar Tekeoglu
- Can Sucak, Research Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Center for Genomics and Rare Diseases, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Eser
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Davut Albayrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Medicalpark Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Senol Citli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sujal Ghosh
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fazil Orhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Graham Davies
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Li X, Liu H, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liou YL, Zeng M, Zhu H. PAX1 hypomethylation as a prognostic biomarker for radioresistance of cervical cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:123. [PMID: 37533109 PMCID: PMC10398938 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAX1 gene methylation plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer. However, its prognostic value after radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer is unknown, so this study aimed to investigate the value of PAX1 gene methylation for predicting the sensitivity of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. METHODS We selected 125 patients with primary cervical cancer who underwent concurrent chemo-radiotherapy as the study population, quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) was used for detecting PAX1 methylation status of cervical exfoliated cells. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors associated with the short-term efficacy and to establish a prediction model of radiotherapy sensitivity based on PAX1 gene methylation. Cell viability after radiation of Hela and SiHa cells transfected with PAX1 or control vector was evaluated by CCK8. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analyses identified different expressed genes (DEGs) in PAX1 overexpressed SiHa cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out to determine the biological function of DEGs. RESULTS PAX1 methylation level was associated with HPV16/18-positive rate. PAX1 hypomethylation was found to be a risk factor for tumor residual after chemo-radiotherapy. A nomogram containing the risk factors for PAX1 methylation status, lymph node metastasis, pathological type and tumor size was further constructed to predict the probability of tumor residual after chemo-radiotherapy (AUC = 0.823, 95% CI 0.736-0.910). High PAX1 protein level was more likely to cause radioresistance in both Hela and SiHa cells. Transcriptomic sequencing of PAX1 overexpressed and control cells identified 615 differentially expressed genes, and GO enrichment analysis suggested that PAX1 may be involved in the regulation of signaling receptor activity and response to viruses. CONCLUSION PAX1 hypomethylation status could be used as a promising biomarker to predict radioresistance in cervical cancer. This further provides a new idea for the individualized treatment strategy of simultaneous radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Manting Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China.
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12
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Li M, Zhao C, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang J, Luo H, Tang Z, Guo Y, Wei L. The role of PAX1 methylation in predicting the pathological upgrade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia before cold knife conization. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1064722. [PMID: 36713512 PMCID: PMC9875021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1064722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the ability of PAX1 methylation (PAX1m) to predict the pathological upgrade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) before cold knife conization (CKC). Methods A total of 218 women that underwent colposcopy-directed biopsy (CDB) pathology for the confirmation of CIN2 and CIN3 between December 2020 to September 2021 were enrolled in this study. The methylation levels of PAX1 (ΔCpPAX1) were determined by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP). Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the optimal cut-off value of ΔCpPAX1 for predicting the pathological upgrade of disease. Results In the CDB-confirmed CIN2 group, 36% of CIN2 was found to have pathologically upgraded to CIN3 and 30% regressed to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and below, and none of CIN2 upgraded to early-stage cervical cancer (ESCC) after CKC. In the CDB-confirmed CIN3 group, 19.5% (23/118) of CDB-confirmed CIN3 were pathologically upgraded to ESCC after CKC. Regardless of CIN2 or CIN3, the ΔCpPAX1 level of women with upgraded pathology after CKC was significantly lower than that of women with degraded pathology. The optimal △CpPAX1 cut-off value in predicting CIN3 to be upgraded to ESCC after CKC was 6.360 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.814, with similar sensitivity (78.3%) and higher specificity (84.2%) than cytology≥LSIL (Se:78.3%;Sp:58.9%) and HPV16/18 positive (Se:73.9%;Sp:46.3%) patients. Conclusions PAX1m could be a promising auxiliary marker in predicting the pathological upgrade of CIN before CKC. We found that if the △Cp PAX1 cut-off value is lower than 6.360, it is highly suggestive of invasive cervical cancer.
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13
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Poniewierza P, Panek G. Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071325. [PMID: 35885852 PMCID: PMC9319342 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Each year 604,127 new cases of cervical cancer (CC) are diagnosed, and 341,831 individuals die from the disease. It is the fourth most common cancer among women and the fourth most common cause of death from female cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of CC is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and consists of several steps involving cell proliferation outside the human body’s control mechanisms. Strategies to prevent CC are based on screening and vaccination. Scope of the Review: The aim of this paper was to collect and analyze the available literature on the issue of CC prevention and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its implementation. For this purpose, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords, such as “cervical cancer”; “HPV”; “prevention”; “prophylaxis”; “vaccination”; “screening” and “COVID-19” in different variations. Only articles published since 2018 were included in the study. Conclusions: Selected European countries have different CC prevention programs funded by national budgets. This translates into observed differences in the risk of death from CC (age-standardized rate Malta = 1.1, Poland = 5.9). COVID-19 pandemic due to disruption of CC screening may exacerbate these differences in the future. To improve the situation, new screening methods, such as p16/Ki67, HPV self-testing, and the use of artificial intelligence in colposcopic assessment, should be disseminated, as well as free HPV vaccination programs implemented in all countries. The search for new solutions is not without significance and entails ultra-sensitive screening tests for risk groups (mRNA E6/E7, SOX1/SOX14), HPV vaccines with shorter dosing schedules, and new therapeutic pathways using nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Poniewierza
- Medicover SP ZOO Company, Aleje Jerozolimskie 96, 00-807 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Panek
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
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14
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Fu K, Lei M, Wu LS, Shi JC, Yang SY, Yang WQ, Xu JY, Kang YN, Yang ZY, Zhang X, Huang KN, Han C, Tian Y, Zhang Y. Triage by PAX1 and ZNF582 methylation in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: a multicenter case-control study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac013. [PMID: 35402629 PMCID: PMC8988013 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The colposcopy-conization inconsistency is common in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3). No adequate method has been reported to identify the final pathology of conization. In this study, we explored the ability of PAX1 and ZNF582 methylation to predict the pathological outcome of conization in advance. Methods This was a multicenter study and included 277 histologically confirmed CIN3 women who underwent cold knife conization (CKC) from January 2019 to December 2020. The methylation levels of PAX1 (PAX1m) and ZNF582 (ZNF582m) were determined by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) and expressed in ΔCp. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate predictive accuracy. Results The final pathological results in 48 (17.33%) patients were inflammation or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 190 (68.59%) were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 39 (14.08%) were squamous cervical cancer (SCC). PAX1m and ZNF582m increased as lesions progressed from inflammation/LSIL, HSIL, to SCC. PAX1 and ZNF582 methylation yielded better prediction performance compared with common screening strategies, whether individually or combined. A 4.33-fold increase in the probability of inflammation/LSIL was observed in patients with lower ZNF582 methylation levels (ΔCpZNF582 ≥ 19.18). A 6.53-fold increase in SCC risk was observed in patients with elevated ZNF582 methylation (ΔCpZNF582 < 7.09). Conclusions DNA methylation would be an alternative screening method to triage and predict the final outcome of conization in CIN3 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Sha Wu
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of medical sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yu Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Qing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Yun Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Nan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Ying Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, University of South China, Yongzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Chenzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Kang-Ni Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Chi Han
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Li B, Guo R, Lai T, Qiao L, Fu H. The application of PAX1 methylation detection and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection in cervical cancer screening. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2720-2728. [PMID: 34036681 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the application of PAX1 methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA detection in cervical cancer screening and to compare the efficacy with high-risk (HR)-HPV detection. PATIENTS AND METHODS The cervical exfoliative cytology samples of 337 patients were collected, including 70 cases of cervical inflammation, 72 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 97 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 98 cases of cervical carcinoma. The PAX1 gene methylation (PAX1) status was detected by multiple quantitative PCR, HPV E6/E7 mRNA (E6/E7) was detected by QuantiVirus detection, and HR-HPV (HPV) was detected by the Cobas 4800 detection system. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies were validated in the testing set. RESULTS The sensitivities of the HPV, HPV E6/E7, and PAX1 testing were 89.23%, 84.10%, and 86.67%, respectively, which all maintained a high level. In contrast, the specificities of the HPV, E6/E7, and PAX1 testing were only 19.10%, 37.32%, and 97.18% (in pairwise comparisons, p = 0.000). The AUC of PAX1 (0.919) was significantly larger than that of HPV (0.541) and E6/E7 detection (0.607) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the AUC areas of all combined parallel testing were lower than that of single PAX1 test (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The diagnostic efficacy of E6/E7 detection and PAX1 detection was better than that of HPV detection, especially for PAX1 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Lai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Qiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Fu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ruan M, Cheng Q, Gong C, Cao Z, Xu L, Zhang Q. Development of a kind of RG108-Fluorescein conjugates for detection of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in living cells. Anal Biochem 2020; 607:113823. [PMID: 32758504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is one of the most essential proteins in propagating DNA methylation patterns during replication. Developing methods to assess the expression level of DNMT1 will enable study of gene methylation abnormalities. Thus, a series of fluorescein-conjugated RG108 derivatives were designed and synthesized in the current study. The affinity of the derivatives with DNMT1 was evaluated using surface plasmon resonance. Permeability of the derivatives through the cytomembrane and nuclear envelope was evaluated via confocal imaging. Probe 8a was found to compete with RG108 binding to DNMT1 in the nucleus of HeLa cells, suggesting that probe 8a and RG108 share the same binding site. A HeLa cell model with 4.05-fold overexpression of DNMT1 was constructed and used to evaluate probe 8a. Probe 8a was found to be significantly increased in the nucleus of DNMT1 overexpressing cells. These results indicate that fluorescent probes derived from RG108 have the potential to be used for evaluating the expression level of DNMT1 in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Ruan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qunxian Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No 170 Xindong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Chaochao Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No 170 Xindong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Liu H, Meng X, Wang J. Real time quantitative methylation detection of PAX1 gene in cervical cancer screening. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1488-1492. [PMID: 32616628 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is currently found to be associated with the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the development of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of real time quantitative methylation detection of the PAX1 gene in cervical cancer screening. METHODS All eligible patients who underwent multiple detections for cervical cancer were assigned to the normal cervical group (n=21), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I group (n=7), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II+III group (n=12), or invasive cervical cancer group (n=14) based on pathological gradings. The methylation level of the PAX1 gene was detected using the real time quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay and assessed by △Cp value. The diagnostic performance of PAX1 methylation detection was compared with folic acid receptor mediated diagnosis, the Thinprep cytology test, and human papilloma virus (HPV) testing. RESULTS The △Cp value in the invasive cervical cancer group was (6.15±4.07), significantly lower than that in the other groups (F=26.45, p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of PAX1 methylation detection was 0.902 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.817-0.986; p<0.001), and sensitivity and specificity were 92.30% and 78.60% when the cut-off value of △Cp was 13.28. The AUC of PAX1 methylation detection was notably larger compared with 0.709 for folic acid receptor mediated diagnosis (95% CI 0.568-0.849, p=0.009), 0.702 for the Thinprep cytology test (95% CI 0.559-0.844, p=0.015), and 0.655 for HPV testing (95% CI 0.508-0.802, p=0.014). CONCLUSION Through quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay characterized by rapid screening and simple operation, the methylation detection of the PAX1 gene exhibited a higher diagnostic performance and may be a promising method for cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Meng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Zhu H, Zhu H, Tian M, Wang D, He J, Xu T. DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Cervical Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Front Genet 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32328088 PMCID: PMC7160865 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have led to the development of novel ideas and techniques that have helped elucidate the correlation between epigenetics and tumor biology. Nowadays, the field of tumor genetics has evolved to include a new type of regulation by epigenetics. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in specific genes in the progression of cervical cancer. Determining the methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles of these genes will help in the early prevention and diagnosis, monitoring recurrence, prognosis, and treatment of patients with cervical cancer. In this review, we focus on the significance of aberrant DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in cervical cancer and the use of these epigenetic signatures in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Dvorská D, Braný D, Nagy B, Grendár M, Poka R, Soltész B, Jagelková M, Zelinová K, Lasabová Z, Zubor P, Danková Z. Aberrant Methylation Status of Tumour Suppressor Genes in Ovarian Cancer Tissue and Paired Plasma Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174119. [PMID: 31450846 PMCID: PMC6747242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and its formation is affected by many epidemiological factors. It has typical lack of early signs and symptoms, and almost 70% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages. Robust, early and non-invasive ovarian cancer diagnosis will certainly be beneficial. Herein we analysed the regulatory sequence methylation profiles of the RASSF1, PTEN, CDH1 and PAX1 tumour suppressor genes by pyrosequencing in healthy, benign and malignant ovarian tissues, and corresponding plasma samples. We recorded statistically significant higher methylation levels (p < 0.05) in the CDH1 and PAX1 genes in malignant tissues than in controls (39.06 ± 18.78 versus 24.22 ± 6.93; 13.55 ± 10.65 versus 5.73 ± 2.19). Higher values in the CDH1 gene were also found in plasma samples (22.25 ± 14.13 versus 46.42 ± 20.91). A similar methylation pattern with positive correlation between plasma and benign lesions was noted in the CDH1 gene (r = 0.886, p = 0.019) and malignant lesions in the PAX1 gene (r = 0.771, p < 0.001). The random forest algorithm combining methylation indices of all four genes and age determined 0.932 AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve) prediction power in the model classifying malignant lesions and controls. Our study results indicate the effects of methylation changes in ovarian cancer development and suggest that the CDH1 gene is a potential candidate for non-invasive diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dvorská
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Braný
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Robert Poka
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marianna Jagelková
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Zelinová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabová
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Danková
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Fang C, Wang SY, Liou YL, Chen MH, Ouyang W, Duan KM. The promising role of PAX1 (aliases: HUP48, OFC2) gene methylation in cancer screening. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e506. [PMID: 30636379 PMCID: PMC6418350 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paired‐box gene 1 (PAX1), a member of the PAX family, plays a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis, and might be essential for development of the vertebral column. Methods PAX1 is silenced by methylation in several cancers and is considered a tumor suppressor gene. Our previous studies reported PAX1 as hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissues, thereby suggesting it as a potential screening marker. Recently, an increasing number of studies have confirmed PAX1 methylation as a promising biomarker in cervical cancer based on its excellent discriminatory ability between high‐grade cervical lesions and normal tissues, resulting in a reduced necessity for referral for colposcopy and biopsy. Additionally, PAX1 is also hypermethylated in other tumors, including those associated with epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of these tumors. Results This review summarizes reports of PAX1 methylation and its promising role in cancer screening, especially that associated with cervical cancer. Conclusion According to current evidence, combined testing for human papillomavirus and PAX1 methylation analysis represents an efficacious cervical cancer‐screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai-Ming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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