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Petrin AL, Machado-Paula LA, Hinkle A, Hovey L, Awotoye W, Chimenti M, Darbro B, Ribeiro-Bicudo LA, Dabdoub SM, Peter T, Breheny P, Murray J, Van Otterloo E, Rengasamy Venugopalan S, Moreno-Uribe LM. Whole genome sequencing of a family with autosomal dominant features within the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.07.24301824. [PMID: 38370836 PMCID: PMC10871465 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.24301824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Oculoauriculovertebral Spectrum (OAVS) encompasses abnormalities on derivatives from the first and second pharyngeal arches including macrostomia, hemifacial microsomia, micrognathia, preauricular tags, ocular and vertebral anomalies. We present genetic findings on a three-generation family affected with macrostomia, preauricular tags and uni- or bilateral ptosis following an autosomal dominant pattern. Methods We generated whole genome sequencing data for the proband, affected parent and unaffected paternal grandparent followed by Sanger sequencing on 23 family members for the top 10 candidate genes: KCND2, PDGFRA, CASP9, NCOA3, WNT10A, SIX1, MTF1, KDR/VEGFR2, LRRK1, and TRIM2 We performed parent and sibling-based transmission disequilibrium tests and burden analysis via a penalized linear mixed model, for segregation and mutation burden respectively. Next, via bioinformatic tools we predicted protein function, mutation pathogenicity and pathway enrichment to investigate the biological relevance of mutations identified. Results Rare missense mutations in SIX1, KDR/VEGFR2, and PDGFRA showed the best segregation with the OAV phenotypes in this family. When considering any of the 3 OAVS phenotypes as an outcome, SIX1 had the strongest associations in parent-TDTs and sib-TDTs (p=0.025, p=0.052) (unadjusted p-values). Burden analysis identified SIX1 (RC=0.87) and PDGFRA (RC=0.98) strongly associated with OAVS severity. Using phenotype-specific outcomes, sib-TDTs identified SIX1 with uni- or bilateral ptosis (p=0.049) and ear tags (p=0.01), and PDGFRA and KDR/VEGFR2 with ear tags (both p<0.01). Conclusion SIX1, PDGFRA, and KDR/VEGFR2 are strongly associated to OAVS phenotypes. SIX1 has been previously associated with OAVS ear malformations and is co-expressed with EYA1 during ear development. Efforts to strengthen the genotype-phenotype co-relation underlying the OAVS are key to discover etiology, family counseling and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Petrin
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - L A Machado-Paula
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A Hinkle
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - L Hovey
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Awotoye
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M Chimenti
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B Darbro
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - S M Dabdoub
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T Peter
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - P Breheny
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Murray
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - E Van Otterloo
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - L M Moreno-Uribe
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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2
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Niu X, Zhang F, Gu W, Zhang B, Chen X. FBLN2 is associated with Goldenhar syndrome and is essential for cranial neural crest cell development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1537:113-128. [PMID: 38970771 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome, a rare craniofacial malformation, is characterized by developmental anomalies in the first and second pharyngeal arches. Its etiology is considered to be heterogenous, including both genetic and environmental factors that remain largely unknown. To further elucidate the genetic cause in a five-generation Goldenhar syndrome pedigree and exploit the whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of this pedigree, we generated collapsed haplotype pattern markers based on WES and employed rare variant nonparametric linkage analysis. FBLN2 was identified as a candidate gene via analysis of WES data across the significant linkage region. A fbln2 knockout zebrafish line was established by CRISPR/Cas9 to examine the gene's role in craniofacial cartilage development. fbln2 was expressed specifically in the mandible during the zebrafish early development, while fbln2 knockout zebrafish exhibited craniofacial malformations with abnormal chondrocyte morphologies. Functional studies revealed that fbln2 knockout caused abnormal chondrogenic differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), and downregulated the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in the zebrafish model. This study demonstrates the role of FBLN2 in CNCC development and BMP pathway regulation, and highlights FBLN2 as a candidate gene for Goldenhar syndrome, which may have implications for the selection of potential screening targets and the development of treatments for conditions like microtia-atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyu Zhang
- 8-Year MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Xing X, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Pan B, Huang X. Identification of potential molecular mechanism related to craniofacial dysmorphism caused by FOXI3 deficiency. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2411. [PMID: 38433559 PMCID: PMC10910234 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemifacial macrosomia (HFM, OMIM 164210) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease. FORKHEAD BOX I3 (FOXI3) is a susceptibility gene for HFM, and mice with loss of function of Foxi3 did exhibit a phenotype similar to craniofacial dysmorphism. However, the specific pathogenesis of HFM caused by FOXI3 deficiency remains unclear till now. METHOD In this study, we first constructed a Foxi3 deficiency (Foxi3-/- ) mouse model to verify the craniofacial phenotype of Foxi3-/- mice, and then used RNAseq data for gene differential expression analysis to screen candidate pathogenic genes, and conducted gene expression verification analysis using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS By observing the phenotype of Foxi3-/- mice, we found that craniofacial dysmorphism was present. The results of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis suggested that the craniofacial dysmorphism caused by Foxi3 deficiency may be involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related gene Akt2 was significantly increased in Foxi3-/- mice. CONCLUSION The craniofacial dysmorphism caused by the deficiency of Foxi3 may be related to the expression of Akt2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This study laid a foundation for understanding the function of FOXI3 and the pathogenesis and treatment of related craniofacial dysmorphism caused by FOXI3 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Liang Xing
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxiaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese MedicineHunan University of MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Ziqiang Zeng
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxiaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese MedicineHunan University of MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Yana Wang
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxiaChina
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xueshuang Huang
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxiaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese MedicineHunan University of MedicineChangshaChina
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4
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The Enigmatic Etiology of Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS): An Exploratory Gene Variant Interaction Approach in Candidate Genes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111723. [PMID: 36362878 PMCID: PMC9693117 DOI: 10.3390/life12111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is established when microtia is present in association with hemifacial hypoplasia (HH) and/or ocular, vertebral, and/or renal malformations. Genetic and non-genetic factors have been associated with microtia/OAVS. Although the etiology remains unknown in most patients, some cases may have an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or multifactorial inheritance. Among the possible genetic factors, gene−gene interactions may play important roles in the etiology of complex diseases, but the literature lacks related reports in OAVS patients. Therefore, we performed a gene−variant interaction analysis within five microtia/OAVS candidate genes (HOXA2, TCOF1, SALL1, EYA1 and TBX1) in 49 unrelated OAVS Mexican patients (25 familial and 24 sporadic cases). A statistically significant intergenic interaction (p-value < 0.001) was identified between variants p.(Pro1099Arg) TCOF1 (rs1136103) and p.(Leu858=) SALL1 (rs1965024). This intergenic interaction may suggest that the products of these genes could participate in pathways related to craniofacial alterations, such as the retinoic acid (RA) pathway. The absence of clearly pathogenic variants in any of the analyzed genes does not support a monogenic etiology for microtia/OAVS involving these genes in our patients. Our findings could suggest that in addition to high-throughput genomic approaches, future gene−gene interaction analyses could contribute to improving our understanding of the etiology of microtia/OAVS.
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5
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Tingaud-Sequeira A, Trimouille A, Sagardoy T, Lacombe D, Rooryck-Thambo C. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: new genes and literature review on a complex disease. J Med Genet 2022; 59:417-427. [PMID: 35110414 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar syndrome is due to an abnormal development of first and second branchial arches derivatives during embryogenesis and is characterised by hemifacial microsomia associated with auricular, ocular and vertebral malformations. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this spectrum with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, render its molecular diagnosis difficult. Only a few recurrent CNVs and genes have been identified as causatives in this complex disorder so far. Prenatal environmental causal factors have also been hypothesised. However, most of the patients remain without aetiology. In this review, we aim at updating clinical diagnostic criteria and describing genetic and non-genetic aetiologies, animal models as well as novel diagnostic tools and surgical management, in order to help and improve clinical care and genetic counselling of these patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Tingaud-Sequeira
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Sagardoy
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, de chirurgie cervico-faciale et d'ORL pédiatrique, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck-Thambo
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
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6
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Zamariolli M, Burssed B, Moysés-Oliveira M, Colovati M, Bellucco FTDS, Dos Santos LC, Alvarez Perez AB, Bragagnolo S, Melaragno MI. Novel MYT1 variants expose the complexity of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum genetic mechanisms. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2056-2064. [PMID: 33880880 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a developmental disorder characterized by anomalies mainly involving the structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. The spectrum presents with heterogeneous clinical features and complex etiology with genetic factors not yet completely understood. To date, MYT1 is the most important gene unambiguously associated with the spectrum and with functional data confirmation. In this work, we aimed to identify new single nucleotide variants (SNVs) affecting MYT1 in a cohort of 73 Brazilian patients diagnosed with OAVS. In addition, we investigated copy number variations (CNVs) encompassing this gene or its cis-regulatory elements and compared the frequency of these events in patients versus a cohort of 455 Brazilian control individuals. A new SNV, predicted as likely deleterious, was identified in five unrelated patients with OAVS. All five patients presented hearing impairment and orbital asymmetry suggesting an association with the variant. CNVs near MYT1, located in its neighboring topologically associating domain (TAD), were found to be enriched in patients when compared to controls, indicating a possible involvement of this region with OAVS pathogenicity. Our findings highlight the genetic complexity of the spectrum that seems to involve more than one variant type and inheritance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú Zamariolli
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Burssed
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Moysés-Oliveira
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileny Colovati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Caires Dos Santos
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Alvarez Perez
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bragagnolo
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Guida V, Calzari L, Fadda MT, Piceci-Sparascio F, Digilio MC, Bernardini L, Brancati F, Mattina T, Melis D, Forzano F, Briuglia S, Mazza T, Bianca S, Valente EM, Salehi LB, Prontera P, Pagnoni M, Tenconi R, Dallapiccola B, Iannetti G, Corsaro L, De Luca A, Gentilini D. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis of a Cohort of 41 Patients Affected by Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031190. [PMID: 33530447 PMCID: PMC7866060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral-spectrum (OAVS; OMIM 164210) is a rare disorder originating from abnormal development of the first and second branchial arch. The clinical phenotype is extremely heterogeneous with ear anomalies, hemifacial microsomia, ocular defects, and vertebral malformations being the main features. MYT1, AMIGO2, and ZYG11B gene variants were reported in a few OAVS patients, but the etiology remains largely unknown. A multifactorial origin has been proposed, including the involvement of environmental and epigenetic mechanisms. To identify the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to OAVS, we evaluated the DNA-methylation profiles of 41 OAVS unrelated affected individuals by using a genome-wide microarray-based methylation approach. The analysis was first carried out comparing OAVS patients with controls at the group level. It revealed a moderate epigenetic variation in a large number of genes implicated in basic chromatin dynamics such as DNA packaging and protein-DNA organization. The alternative analysis in individual profiles based on the searching for Stochastic Epigenetic Variants (SEV) identified an increased number of SEVs in OAVS patients compared to controls. Although no recurrent deregulated enriched regions were found, isolated patients harboring suggestive epigenetic deregulations were identified. The recognition of a different DNA methylation pattern in the OAVS cohort and the identification of isolated patients with suggestive epigenetic variations provide consistent evidence for the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the etiology of this complex and heterogeneous disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guida
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milano, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Fadda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.T.F.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Francesca Piceci-Sparascio
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.C.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mattina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | | | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Bianca
- Centro di Consulenza Genetica e Teratologia della Riproduzione, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, ARNAS Garibaldi Nesima, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, University of Perugia Hospital SM della Misericordia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Mario Pagnoni
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.T.F.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Romano Tenconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics, Università di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.C.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Giorgio Iannetti
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.T.F.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Luigi Corsaro
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (D.G.)
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8
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Glaeser AB, Santos AS, Diniz BL, Deconte D, Rosa RFM, Zen PRG. Candidate genes of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum in 22q region: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2624-2631. [PMID: 32893956 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (hemifacial microsomia/OAVS, OMIM #164210) is a heterogenous and congenital condition caused by a morphogenesis defect of the first and second pharyngeal arches. Etiology includes unknown genetic, environmental factors and chromosomal alterations, which 22q11.2 region is the most frequently reported. Several candidate genes for OAVS have been proposed; however, none has been confirmed as causative of the phenotype. This review aims to sum up all clinical and molecular findings in 22q region of individuals diagnosed with OAVS and to investigate genes that may be involved in the development of the spectrum. A search was performed in PubMed using all entry terms to OAVS and Chromosome 22q11. After screening, 11 papers were eligible for review. Deletions and duplications in the q11.2 region were the most frequent (18/22) alterations reported and a total of 68 genes were described. Our systematic review reinforces the hypothesis that 22q11 region is a candidate locus for OAVS as well as CLTCL1, GSC2, HIRA, MAPK1, TBX1, and YPEL1 as potential candidates genes for genotype-phenotype correlation. Complementary studies regarding genes interaction involved in the 22q11 region are still necessary in the search for a genotype-phenotype association, since the diagnosis of OAVS is a constant medical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Barreto Glaeser
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Desireé Deconte
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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9
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Luquetti DV, Heike CL, Zarante I, Timms AE, Gustafson J, Pachajoa H, Porras-Hurtado GL, Ayala-Ramirez P, Duenas-Roque MM, Jimenez N, Ibanez LM, Hurtado-Villa P. MYT1 role in the microtia-craniofacial microsomia spectrum. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1401. [PMID: 32871052 PMCID: PMC7549594 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Craniofacial microsomia (CFM), also known as the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum, comprises a variable phenotype with the most common features including microtia and mandibular hypoplasia on one or both sides, in addition to lateral oral clefts, epibulbar dermoids, cardiac, vertebral, and renal abnormalities. The etiology of CFM is largely unknown. The MYT1 gene has been reported as a candidate based in mutations found in three unrelated individuals. Additional patients with mutations in this gene are required to establish its causality. We present two individuals with CFM that have rare variants in MYT1 contributing to better understand the genotype and phenotype associated with mutations in this gene. Methods/Results We conducted genetic analysis using whole‐exome and ‐genome sequencing in 128 trios with CFM. Two novel MYT1 mutations were identified in two participants. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm these mutations. Conclusion We identified two additional individuals with CFM who carry rare variants in MYT1, further supporting the presumptive role of this gene in the CFM spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Luquetti
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carrie L Heike
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ignacio Zarante
- Human Genomics Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Paola Ayala-Ramirez
- Human Genomics Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Zamariolli M, Colovati M, Moysés-Oliveira M, Nunes N, Caires Dos Santos L, Alvarez Perez AB, Bragagnolo S, Melaragno MI. Rare single-nucleotide variants in oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00959. [PMID: 31469246 PMCID: PMC6785430 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a craniofacial developmental disorder that affects structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. The clinically heterogeneous phenotype involves mandibular, oral, and ear development anomalies. Etiology is complex and poorly understood. Genetic factors have been associated, evidenced by chromosomal abnormalities affecting different genomic regions and genes. However, known pathogenic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) have only been identified in MYT1 in a restricted number of patients. Therefore, investigations of SNVs on candidate genes may reveal other pathogenic mechanisms. Methods In a cohort of 73 patients, coding and untranslated regions (UTR) of 10 candidate genes (CRKL, YPEL1, MAPK1, NKX3‐2, HMX1, MYT1, OTX2, GSC, PUF60, HOXA2) were sequenced. Rare SNVs were selected and in silico predictions were performed to ascertain pathogenicity. Likely pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and heritability was assessed when possible. Results Four likely pathogenic variants in heterozygous state were identified in different patients. Two SNVs were located in the 5’UTR of YPEL1; one in the 3’UTR of CRKL and one in the 3’UTR of OTX2. Conclusion Our work described variants in candidate genes for OAVS and supported the genetic heterogeneity of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú Zamariolli
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileny Colovati
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Moysés-Oliveira
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Nunes
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Caires Dos Santos
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana B Alvarez Perez
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bragagnolo
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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