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Bolandghamat S, Behnam‐Rassouli M. Iron role paradox in nerve degeneration and regeneration. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15908. [PMID: 38176709 PMCID: PMC10766496 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulates in the neural tissue during peripheral nerve degeneration. Some studies have already been suggested that iron facilitates Wallerian degeneration (WD) events such as Schwann cell de-differentiation. On the other hand, intracellular iron levels remain elevated during nerve regeneration and gradually decrease. Iron enhances Schwann cell differentiation and axonal outgrowth. Therefore, there seems to be a paradox in the role of iron during nerve degeneration and regeneration. We explain this contradiction by suggesting that the increase in intracellular iron concentration during peripheral nerve degeneration is likely to prepare neural cells for the initiation of regeneration. Changes in iron levels are the result of changes in the expression of iron homeostasis proteins. In this review, we will first discuss the changes in the iron/iron homeostasis protein levels during peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration and then explain how iron is related to nerve regeneration. This data may help better understand the mechanisms of peripheral nerve repair and find a solution to prevent or slow the progression of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bolandghamat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Hu B, Mccollum M, Ravi V, Arpag S, Moiseev D, Castoro R, Mobley BC, Burnette BW, Siskind C, Day JW, Yawn R, Feely S, Li Y, Yan Q, Shy ME, Li J. Myelin abnormality in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4J recapitulates features of acquired demyelination. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:756-770. [PMID: 29518270 PMCID: PMC5912982 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4J (CMT4J) is a rare autosomal recessive neuropathy caused by mutations in FIG4 that result in loss of FIG4 protein. This study investigates the natural history and mechanisms of segmental demyelination in CMT4J. METHODS Over the past 9 years, we have enrolled and studied a cohort of 12 CMT4J patients, including 6 novel FIG4 mutations. We evaluated these patients and related mouse models using morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches. RESULTS We found sensory motor demyelinating polyneuropathy consistently in all patients. This underlying myelin pathology was associated with nonuniform slowing of conduction velocities, conduction block, and temporal dispersion on nerve conduction studies, which resemble those features in acquired demyelinating peripheral nerve diseases. Segmental demyelination was also confirmed in mice without Fig4 (Fig4-/- ). The demyelination was associated with an increase of Schwann cell dedifferentiation and macrophages in spinal roots where nerve-blood barriers are weak. Schwann cell dedifferentiation was induced by the increasing intracellular Ca2+ . Suppression of Ca2+ level by a chelator reduced dedifferentiation and demyelination of Schwann cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, cell-specific knockout of Fig4 in mouse Schwann cells or neurons failed to cause segmental demyelination. INTERPRETATION Myelin change in CMT4J recapitulates the features of acquired demyelinating neuropathies. This pathology is not Schwann cell autonomous. Instead, it relates to systemic processes involving interactions of multiple cell types and abnormally elevated intracellular Ca2+ . Injection of a Ca2+ chelator into Fig4-/- mice improved segmental demyelination, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy against demyelination. Ann Neurol 2018;83:756-770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan Mccollum
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vignesh Ravi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sezgi Arpag
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Moiseev
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ryan Castoro
- Department of PMR, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C. Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bryan W. Burnette
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carly Siskind
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - John W. Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Robin Yawn
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shawna Feely
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yuebing Li
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael E. Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System – Nashville VA, Nashville, Tennessee
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Zhang C, Rong W, Zhang GH, Wang AH, Wu CZ, Huo XL. Early electrical field stimulation prevents the loss of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons and muscle atrophy following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:869-876. [PMID: 29863018 PMCID: PMC5998640 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that early application of electrical field stimulation (EFS) with the anode at the lesion and the cathode distal to the lesion reduced injury potential, inhibited secondary injury and was neuroprotective in the dorsal corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effect of EFS on protection of anterior horn motoneurons and their target musculature after SCI and its mechanism. Rats were randomized into three equal groups. The EFS group received EFS for 30 minutes immediately after injury at T10. SCI group rats were only subjected to SCI and sham group rats were only subjected to laminectomy. Luxol fast blue staining demonstrated that spinal cord tissue in the injury center was better protected; cross-sectional area and perimeter of injured tissue were significantly smaller in the EFS group than in the SCI group. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons was greater and the number of abnormal neurons reduced in the EFS group compared with the SCI group. Wet weight and cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscles were smaller in the SCI group to in the sham group. However, EFS improved muscle atrophy and behavioral examination showed that EFS significantly increased the angle in the inclined plane test and Tarlov's motor grading score. The above results confirm that early EFS can effectively impede spinal cord anterior horn motoneuron loss, promote motor function recovery and reduce muscle atrophy in rats after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Zhe Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yan J, Zhang L, Agresti MA, Shen F, Matloub HS, Yan Y, Li J, Gu Y, Logiudice JA, Havlik R. Effect of calcitonin on cultured schwann cells. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:768-772. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Geng Yan
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Lin‐Ling Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Michael A. Agresti
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Fengyi Shen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Hani S. Matloub
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Yuhui Yan
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Jifeng Li
- Department of Hand SurgeryHuashan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and MicrosurgeryShanghai China
| | - Yu‐Dong Gu
- Department of Hand SurgeryHuashan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and MicrosurgeryShanghai China
| | - John A. Logiudice
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
| | - Robert Havlik
- Department of Plastic SurgeryMedical College of Wisconsin8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee Wisconsin53226 USA
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Yan Y, Shen FY, Agresti M, Zhang LL, Matloub HS, LoGiudice JA, Havlik R, Li J, Gu YD, Yan JG. Best time window for the use of calcium-modulating agents to improve functional recovery in injured peripheral nerves-An experiment in rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1786-1795. [PMID: 28052373 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can have a devastating effect on daily life. Calcium concentrations in nerve fibers drastically increase after nerve injury, and this activates downstream processes leading to neuron death. Our previous studies showed that calcium-modulating agents decrease calcium accumulation, which aids in regeneration of injured peripheral nerves; however, the optimal therapeutic window for this application has not yet been identified. In this study, we show that calcium clearance after nerve injury is positively correlated with functional recovery in rats suffering from a crushed sciatic nerve injury. After the nerve injury, calcium accumulation increased. Peak volume is from 2 to 8 weeks post injury; calcium accumulation then gradually decreased over the following 24-week period. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measurement from the extensor digitorum longus muscle recovered to nearly normal levels in 24 weeks. Simultaneously, real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that upregulation of calcium-ATPase (a membrane protein that transports calcium out of nerve fibers) mRNA peaked at 12 weeks. These results suggest that without intervention, the peak in calcium-ATPase mRNA expression in the injured nerve occurs after the peak in calcium accumulation, and CMAP recovery continues beyond 24 weeks. Immediately using calcium-modulating agents after crushed nerve injury improved functional recovery. These studies suggest that a crucial time frame in which to initiate effective clinical approaches to accelerate calcium clearance and nerve regeneration would be prior to 2 weeks post injury. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Feng-Yi Shen
- Froedtert Health-Community Memorial Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Michael Agresti
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Lin-Ling Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Hani S Matloub
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - John A LoGiudice
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Robert Havlik
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jifeng Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Gu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Geng Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Reactivation of Lysosomal Ca2+ Efflux Rescues Abnormal Lysosomal Storage in FIG4-Deficient Cells. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6801-12. [PMID: 25926456 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4442-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of FIG4 leads to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 4J, Yunis-Varon syndrome, or an epilepsy syndrome. FIG4 is a phosphatase with its catalytic specificity toward 5'-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,5-diphosphate (PI3,5P2). However, the loss of FIG4 decreases PI3,5P2 levels likely due to FIG4's dominant effect in scaffolding a PI3,5P2 synthetic protein complex. At the cellular level, all these diseases share similar pathology with abnormal lysosomal storage and neuronal degeneration. Mice with no FIG4 expression (Fig4(-/-)) recapitulate the pathology in humans with FIG4 deficiency. Using a flow cytometry technique that rapidly quantifies lysosome sizes, we detected an impaired lysosomal fission, but normal fusion, in Fig4(-/-) cells. The fission defect was associated with a robust increase of intralysosomal Ca(2+) in Fig4(-/-) cells, including FIG4-deficient neurons. This finding was consistent with a suppressed Ca(2+) efflux of lysosomes because the endogenous ligand of lysosomal Ca(2+) channel TRPML1 is PI3,5P2 that is deficient in Fig4(-/-) cells. We reactivated the TRPML1 channels by application of TRPML1 synthetic ligand, ML-SA1. This treatment reduced the intralysosomal Ca(2+) level and rescued abnormal lysosomal storage in Fig4(-/-) culture cells and ex vivo DRGs. Furthermore, we found that the suppressed Ca(2+) efflux in Fig4(-/-) culture cells and Fig4(-/-) mouse brains profoundly downregulated the expression/activity of dynamin-1, a GTPase known to scissor organelle membranes during fission. This downregulation made dynamin-1 unavailable for lysosomal fission. Together, our study revealed a novel mechanism explaining abnormal lysosomal storage in FIG4 deficiency. Synthetic ligands of the TRPML1 may become a potential therapy against diseases with FIG4 deficiency.
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Yan JG, Logiudice J, Davis J, Zhang LL, Agresti M, Sanger J, Matloub HS, Havlik R. Calcitonin pump improves nerve regeneration after transection injury and repair. Muscle Nerve 2014; 51:229-34. [PMID: 24809806 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After nerve injury, excessive calcium impedes nerve regeneration. We previously showed that calcitonin improved nerve regeneration in crush injury. We aimed to validate the direct effect of calcitonin on transected and repaired nerve. METHODS Two rat groups (n = 8) underwent sciatic nerve transection followed by direct repair. In the calcitonin group, a calcitonin-filled mini-osmotic pump was implanted subcutaneously, with a catheter parallel to the repaired nerve. The control group underwent repair only, without a pump. Evaluation and comparison between the groups included: (1) compound muscle action potential recording of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle; (2) tetanic muscle force test of EDL; (3) nerve calcium concentration; and (4) nerve fiber count and calcified spot count. RESULTS The calcitonin pump group showed superior recovery. CONCLUSIONS Calcitonin affects injured and repaired peripheral nerve directly. The calcitonin-filled mini-osmotic pump improved nerve functional recovery by accelerating calcium absorption from the repaired nerve. This finding has potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Geng Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8700 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
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The effect of calcium modulating agents on peripheral nerve recovery after crush. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 217:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kim YP, Lee GS, Kim JW, Kim MS, Ahn HS, Lim JY, Kim HW, Son YJ, Knowles JC, Hyun JK. Phosphate glass fibres promote neurite outgrowth and early regeneration in a peripheral nerve injury model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:236-46. [PMID: 23038678 DOI: 10.1002/term.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, which are bioactive and aid in neuronal guidance, are essential in the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. In this study, we used novel inorganic microfibres guided by phosphate glass (PG). PG fibres (PGfs) were aligned on compressed collagen that was rolled into a nerve conduit. In vitro tests confirmed that adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons showed active neurite outgrowth along the fibres, with a maximum number and length of neurites being significantly higher than those cultured on tissue culture plastic. In vivo experiments with nerve conduits that either contained PGfs (PGf/Col) or lacked them (Col) were conducted on transected sciatic nerves of rats for up to 12 weeks. One week after implantation, the PGf/Col group showed many axons extending along the scaffold, whereas the Col group showed none. Eight weeks after implantation, the PGf/Col group exhibited greater recovery of plantar muscle atrophy than the Col group. Electrophysiological studies revealed that some animals in the PGf/Col group at 6 and 7 weeks post-implantation (5.3% and 15.8%, respectively) showed compound muscle action potential. The Col group over the same period showed no response. Motor function also showed faster recovery in the PGf/Col group compared to the Col group up to 7 weeks. However, there was no significant difference in the number of axons, muscle atrophy or motor and sensory functions between the two groups at 12 weeks post-implantation. In summary, phosphate glass fibres can promote directional growth of axons in cases of peripheral nerve injury by acting as physical guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Phil Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Yan JG, Agresti M, Zhang LL, Matloub HS, Sanger JR. Negative Effect of High Calcium Levels on Schwann Cell Survival. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-012-9297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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