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Differences in kinetics and dynamics of endogenous versus exogenous advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursors. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112987. [PMID: 35398182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursors, referred to as glycation products, are a heterogenous group of compounds being associated with adverse health effects. They are formed endogenously and in exogenous sources including food. This review investigates the roles of endogenously versus exogenously formed glycation products in the potential induction of adverse health effects, focusing on differences in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, which appeared to differ depending on the molecular mass of the glycation product. Based on the available data, exogenous low molecular mass (LMM) glycation products seem to be bioavailable and to contribute to dicarbonyl stress and protein cross-linking resulting in formation of endogenous AGEs. Bioavailability of exogenous high molecular mass (HMM) glycation products appears limited, while these bind to the AGE receptor (RAGE), initiating adverse health effects. Together, this suggests that RAGE-binding in relevant tissues will more likely result from endogenously formed glycation products. Effects on gut microbiota induced by glycation products is proposed as a third mode of action. Overall, studies which better discriminate between LMM and HMM glycation products and between endogenous and exogenous formation are needed to further elucidate the contributions of these different types and sources of glycation products to the ultimate biological effects.
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Glycation reaction and the role of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in immunity and social behavior. Glycoconj J 2020; 38:303-310. [PMID: 33108607 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (receptor for AGEs, RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor. The interaction of RAGE with its ligands, such as AGEs, S100 proteins, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is known to play a pivotal role in the propagation of immune responses and inflammatory reactions. The ligand-RAGE interaction elicits cellular responses, for example, in myeloid and lymphoid cells, through distinct pathways by activating NF-κB and Rac1/cdc42, which lead to cytokine production, cell migration, phagocytosis, maturation, and polarization. Recently, oxytocin, a peptide hormone and neuropeptide, was identified as a novel binding molecule for the RAGE; however, it cannot compete with the interaction of RAGE with other ligands or induce RAGE intracellular signaling. The RAGE transports oxytocin from the blood into the brain and regulates brain functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of glycation reaction, AGEs, and the RAGE-mediated biological responses as well as the physiological role of RAGE in immunity and social behaviors, particularly, maternal bonding.
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Egawa T, Ohno Y, Yokoyama S, Goto A, Ito R, Hayashi T, Goto K. The effect of advanced glycation end products on cellular signaling molecules in skeletal muscle. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.7.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Health and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
| | - Shingo Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
| | - Rika Ito
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University
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Hamasaki S, Kobori T, Yamazaki Y, Kitaura A, Niwa A, Nishinaka T, Nishibori M, Mori S, Nakao S, Takahashi H. Effects of scavenger receptors-1 class A stimulation on macrophage morphology and highly modified advanced glycation end product-protein phagocytosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5901. [PMID: 29651042 PMCID: PMC5897562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which comprise non-enzymatically glycosylated proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid amino groups, play an important role in several diseases and aging processes including angiopathy, renal failure, diabetic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Among AGE-associated phenotypes, toxic AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived AGE-2, and glycolaldehyde-derived AGE-3 are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In addition, macrophages are reported to remove extracellular AGEs from tissues via scavenger receptors, leading to the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we found that AGE-2 and AGE-3 enhanced their own endocytic uptake by RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated, for the first time, the morphology of phagocytic macrophages and the endocytosis of AGE particles. The toxic AGEs induced the expression of a scavenger receptor, CD204/scavenger receptors-1 class A (SR-A). Notably, an antibody against CD204 significantly prevented toxic AGE uptake. Moreover, an SR-A antagonistic ligand, fucoidan, also attenuated the AGE-2- and AGE-3-evoked uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicated that SR-A stimulation, at least in part, plays a role in AGE uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hamasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yui Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishikawahara, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Gaens KH, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. The N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine-RAGE axis: putative implications for the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5:839-854. [PMID: 30780826 DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important contributor to the burden of insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An important mechanism by which excess adiposity causes obesity-associated complications is the dysregulated production and secretion of biologically active molecules derived from adipocytes. These adipokines affect the vascular wall and contribute to the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. However, factors that cause an increased production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, while decreasing anti-inflammatory adipokines, have not been fully clarified. Owing to local conditions in adipose tissue, that is, increased fatty acids, hypoxia and oxidative stress, we speculate that an increased formation of the major advanced lipoxidation end product, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), may play a role. CML-adducts in proteins are major ligands for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The consequence of RAGE activation by CML is the activation of important signaling inflammatory pathways. The putative role of CML-modified proteins in obesity is addressed in this article. The identification of this pathway may provide an important strategy for novel therapeutic approaches against obesity-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Hj Gaens
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P Debeyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6206 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P Debeyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6206 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P Debeyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6206 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- c
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Nagai R, Mera K, Fujiwara Y, Nagai M, Otagiri M. Comparison of pharmacokinetics between highly and mildly modified AGE proteins in mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1126:325-7. [PMID: 18079477 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1433.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that RAW 264.7 cells (murine macrophage cell line) recognize highly modified advanced glycation end products (AGE)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) (high-AGE-BSA), which was prepared by incubating BSA with 1600 mmol/L glucose for 40 weeks. In the present study, we prepared mildly modified AGE-BSA (mild-AGE-BSA) and conducted an endocytic uptake study using human monocyte-derived macrophages and Chinese hamster ovary cells which overexpressed such scavenger receptors as CD36, SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type-I), and LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1). Although high-AGE-BSA was significantly recognized by these cells, mild-AGE-BSA did not show any ligand activity to these cells. Furthermore, when 111 In-labeled mild- or high-AGE-BSA was injected into the tail vein of male ddY mice, 111 In-high-AGE-BSA was rapidly cleared from the circulation, with about 80% of the injected 111 In-high-AGE-BSA being eliminated within 5 min. In contrast, the clearance rate of 111 In-mild-AGE-BSA was very slow, similar to the 111 In-native BSA. Taken together, our results indicate that the ligand activity of AGE-BSA to scavenger receptors and those pharmacokinetic properties depend on their rate of modification by AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Nagai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University,Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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