1
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Cao Y, Zhou X, Nie Q, Zhang J. Inhibition of the thioredoxin system for radiosensitization therapy of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116218. [PMID: 38387331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) stands as a cornerstone in the clinical armamentarium against various cancers due to its proven efficacy. However, the intrinsic radiation resistance exhibited by cancer cells, coupled with the adverse effects of RT on normal tissues, often compromises its therapeutic potential and leads to unwanted side effects. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate our understanding of how radiosensitizers inhibit the thioredoxin (Trx) system in cellular contexts. Notable radiosensitizers, including gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold triethylphosphine cyanide ([Au(SCN) (PEt3)]), auranofin, ceria nanoparticles (CONPs), curcumin and its derivatives, piperlongamide, indolequinone derivatives, micheliolide, motexafin gadolinium, and ethane selenide selenidazole derivatives (SeDs), are meticulously elucidated in terms of their applications in radiotherapy. In this review, the sensitization mechanisms and the current research progress of these radiosensitizers are discussed in detail, with the overall aim of providing valuable insights for the judicious application of Trx system inhibitors in the field of cancer radiosensitization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiedong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiuying Nie
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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2
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Khan N, Afghah Z, Baral A, Geiger JD, Chen X. Dimethoxycurcumin Acidifies Endolysosomes and Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Entry. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.923018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to take a huge toll on global health. Although improving, currently there are only limited therapies against SARS-CoV-2. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, exerts antiviral effects against a wide variety of viruses and can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry. However, undesirable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin limit its clinical application. Here, we determined the effects of dimethoxycurcumin (DiMC), a methylated analog of curcumin with improved bioavailability, on the entry of SARS-CoV-2. DiMC blocked entry of pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 into Calu-3 human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells and Vero E6 green monkey kidney epithelial cells. Mechanistically, DiMC acidified lysosomes, enhanced lysosome degradation capabilities, and promoted lysosome degradation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, as well as pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. Furthermore, other lysosome acidifying agents, including the TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1 and the BK channel activator NS1619, also blocked the entry of pseudo-SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of DiMC and lysosome acidifying agents might be explored further as possible effective therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
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3
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He K, Luo X, Wen M, Wang C, Qin C, Shao J, Gan L, Dong R, Jiang H. Effect of acute ammonia toxicity on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in head kidney macrophage of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the alleviation of curcumin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109098. [PMID: 34139380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most major pollutant and stress factors of aquaculture systems, and has seriously endangered fish health. However, few studies have been performed on mechanisms of the detrimental impact of ammonia stress and mitigation in fish. A study was carried out to investigate the response of genes involved in inflammation, antioxidation, polarization and apoptosis in head kidney macrophages to acute ammonia toxicity, and the alleviation effect of curcumin. The cells were divided into six groups, as follows: The control group composed of untreated macrophages (CON), the experimental groups, consisting of macrophages treated with 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia (AM), 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (CUR), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 5 μmol L-1 curcumin (5A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 25 μmol L-1 curcumin (25A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (45A). The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of curcumin for 1 h and then incubated with ammonia for 24 h. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could increase ROS levels, up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (NF-κB p65 and COX-2), decrease cell viability, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker (Arg-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2), but curcumin could alleviate the adverse effect of ammonia toxicity. Overall, these results have important implications for understanding of the mechanism of ammonia toxicity and the mitigating effect of curcumin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei He
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xueping Luo
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of theYangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China.
| | - Jian Shao
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lei Gan
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ranran Dong
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
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4
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Prasad D, Praveen A, Mahapatra S, Mogurampelly S, Chaudhari SR. Existence of β-diketone form of curcuminoids revealed by NMR spectroscopy. Food Chem 2021; 360:130000. [PMID: 33984567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) - the class of natural compound derived from turmeric can exist as keto-enol and β-diketone tautomer form. The structure and dynamics of particular relevance CUR is reported in prior studies, whereas DMC and BDMC, by far, have not been scrutinized. In the present studies, we have investigated the detailed molecular structure of CUR, DMC and BDMC by employing NMR spectroscopy as a key tool. The bridging carbon as methylene in β-diketone form and methine in keto-enol form shows significant difference in NMR spectrum. The results justified that Curcuminoids (CC) has nearly 3% of β-diketone tautomer in DMSO solvent at 298 K. Further, results revealed that β-diketone form was favoured in alkaline pH condition whereas acidic and neutral pH conditions favour keto-enol tautomer. However, at higher temperature equilibrium shift towards β-diketone tautomer. Moreover, this is the first report by NMR for observing the presence of β-diketone tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad
- Department of Spice and Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Aishwarya Praveen
- Department of Spice and Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sipra Mahapatra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sachin R Chaudhari
- Department of Spice and Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Lai C, Hu H, Xu D. Encapsulation and Delivery of Dimethylcurcumin by Using Nanoparticles of a Polyethylene‐Glycol‐Based Dimethylcurcumin Prodrug. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lai
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Refining and High-quality Utilization of Biomass School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 P. R. China
| | - Hang Hu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Refining and High-quality Utilization of Biomass School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 P. R. China
| | - Defeng Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Refining and High-quality Utilization of Biomass School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 P. R. China
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6
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Pan MH, Koh YC, Liu SY, Wu JC, Chou YC, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT. A new metabolite: The effects of aminated tetrahydrocurcumin on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_21_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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7
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Santarsiero A, Bochicchio A, Funicello M, Lupattelli P, Choppin S, Colobert F, Hanquet G, Schiavo L, Convertini P, Chiummiento L, Infantino V. New synthesized polyoxygenated diarylheptanoids suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1117-1123. [PMID: 32819574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation induced by the microglial activation plays a crucial role. In effort to develop effective anti-neuroinflammatory compounds, different new linear polyoxygenated diarylheptanoids were synthesized. In LPS-triggered BV-2 microglial cells their ability to reduce the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated. Moreover, their effect on NF-κB and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a recently emerged target of metabolic reprogramming in inflammation, was assessed. Finally, we turned our attention to inflammatory mediators derived from the cleavage of citrate catalyzed by ACLY: prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. All compounds showed null or minimal cytotoxicity; most of them had a great anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Diarylheptanoids 6b and 6c, bearing a halide atom and benzyl ether protective groups, exhibited the best effect since they blocked the secretion of all inflammatory mediators analyzed and reduced NF-κB and ACLY protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Funicello
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Lupattelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Sabine Choppin
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Gilles Hanquet
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Lucie Schiavo
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Paolo Convertini
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Lucia Chiummiento
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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8
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Lai CS, Ho CT, Pan MH. The Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Tetrahydrocurcumin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E831. [PMID: 32486019 PMCID: PMC7356876 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, cancer has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the molecular basis of tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and clinical therapies, the discovery and development of effective drugs is an active and vital field in cancer research. Tetrahydrocurcumin is a major curcuminoid metabolite of curcumin, naturally occurring in turmeric. The interest in tetrahydrocurcumin research is increasing because it is superior to curcumin in its solubility in water, chemical stability, bioavailability, and anti-oxidative activity. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that tetrahydrocurcumin exerts anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, inflammation, proliferation, metastasis, programmed cell death, and immunity. Despite the pharmacological similarities between tetrahydrocurcumin and curcumin, the structure of tetrahydrocurcumin determines its distinct and specific molecular mechanism, thus making it a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of cancers. However, the utility of tetrahydrocurcumin is yet to be evaluated as only limited pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies have been performed. This review summarizes research on the anti-cancer properties of tetrahydrocurcumin and describes its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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9
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Krupa P, Svobodova B, Dubisova J, Kubinova S, Jendelova P, Machova Urdzikova L. Nano-formulated curcumin (Lipodisq™) modulates the local inflammatory response, reduces glial scar and preserves the white matter after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Chainoglou E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Curcumin analogues and derivatives with anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity: Structural characteristics and molecular targets. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:821-842. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1614560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Chainoglou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Kim L, Kim JY. Chondroprotective effect of curcumin and lecithin complex in human chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β via an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:547-553. [PMID: 30956867 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex of curcumin and lecithin developed to improve the solubility of curcumin, enhanced its chondroprotective effect via an anti-inflammatory mechanism. In macrophage, proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified. In addition, the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was examined. With chondrocytes, inflammatory mediators were assessed by measuring the secretion levels of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2, also the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-1, type II collagen (COL2), proteoglycan (PG), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured with respect to the articulation surface. The complex promoted the anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of inflammatory mediators. In addition, mRNA expression levels ameliorated. Furthermore, it was effective in decreasing extracellular secretion of polypeptides, also corresponding intracellular MMPs and TIMP-1. In conclusion, the complex may be developed as a functional supplement to maintain articulation health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeseon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
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12
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Lee YH, Song NY, Suh J, Kim DH, Kim W, Ann J, Lee J, Baek JH, Na HK, Surh YJ. Curcumin suppresses oncogenicity of human colon cancer cells by covalently modifying the cysteine 67 residue of SIRT1. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:219-229. [PMID: 29807115 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, has diverse physiological actions. Recent studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, suggesting its oncogenic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms by which overexpressed SIRT1 induces the progression of colorectal cancer and its inhibition remain largely unknown. Curcumin (diferuloymethane), a major component of the spice turmeric derived from the plant Curcuma longa L., has been reported to exert chemopreventive and anti-carcinogenic effects on colon carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that curcumin reduced the expression of SIRT1 protein without influencing its mRNA expression in human colon cancer cells, suggesting posttranslational regulation of SIRT1 by this phytochemical. Notably, ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of SIRT1 were induced by curcumin treatment. Results of nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the direct binding of curcumin to cysteine 67 of SIRT1. In line with this result, the protein stability and clonogenicity of a mutant SIRT1 in which cysteine 67 was substituted by alanine were unaffected by curcumin. Taken together, these observations suggest that curcumin facilitates the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic SIRT1 through covalent modification of SIRT1 at the cysteine 67 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwa Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heum Baek
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Yu Y, Shen Q, Lai Y, Park SY, Ou X, Lin D, Jin M, Zhang W. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in Microglial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:386. [PMID: 29731715 PMCID: PMC5922181 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) induces neuroinflammatory molecules, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, suppression of neuroinflammatory molecules could be developed as a therapeutic method. Although previous data supports an immune-modulating effect of curcumin, the underlying signaling pathways are largely unidentified. Here, we investigated curcumin’s anti-neuroinflammatory properties in LTA-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Nitric Oxide (NO] secretion in LTA-induced microglial cells were inhibited by curcumin. Curcumin also inhibited LTA-induced inducible NO synthases (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Subsequently, our mechanistic studies revealed that curcumin inhibited LTA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) including ERK, p38, Akt and translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, curcumin induced hemeoxygenase (HO)-1HO-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression in microglial cells. Inhibition of HO-1 reversed the inhibition effect of HO-1 on inflammatory mediators release in LTA-stimulated microglial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that curcumin could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders via suppressing neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yu
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihong Lai
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sun Y Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Xingmei Ou
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongxu Lin
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Simon E, Aswini P, Sameer Kumar VB, Mankadath G. Curcumin and its synthetic analogue dimethoxycurcumin differentially modulates antioxidant status of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:583-591. [PMID: 29621898 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1455002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the herb Curcuma longa, which has been extensively studied in terms of its antitumour, antioxidant, and chemopreventive activity as well as various other effects. In the present work we compared curcumin with its synthetic analogue dimethoxycurcumin (dimc) in terms of its antioxidant enzyme-modulating effects in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We found that these compounds modulate antioxidant enzymes differentially. Both curcumin and dimethoxycurcumin effected a decrease in lipid peroxidation status in PBMC, however, curcumin had better activity in this regard. An increase in the activity of catalase was seen in the case of curcumin-treated PBMC, whereas dimc increased catalase activity significantly to almost twofold level. Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed significant up-regulation of catalase at mRNA level post treatment with curcumin as well as dimc, however, dimc had better activity in this regard. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity and reduced glutathione levels increased in the case of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with curcumin, however, the trend was reversed with dimethoxycurcumin where, both glutathione reductase activity and reduced glutathione levels were significantly reduced. RT-PCR analysis of glutathione reductase mRNA levels showed decrease in mRNA levels post treatment with dimethoxycurcumin (dimc) further corroborating GR enzyme assay results, however, we could not obtain significant result post curcumin treatment. NFkB reporter assay and western blot analysis of nuclear as well as cytosolic fractions of NFkB revealed that curcumin inhibits NFkB activation whereas inhibition was much less with dimc. It has been reported that curcumin and dimc exerts differential cytotoxicity in normal and tumour cells and the reason for this had been attributed to the differential uptake of these compounds by normal cells and tumour cells. Based on our results we propose that differential modulation of antioxidant enzymes via NFkB pathway could be the reason behind differential cytotoxicity of dimc as well as curcumin in normal cells and tumour cells in addition to differential uptake of these compounds as reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Simon
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Calicut , Malappuram , India
| | - P Aswini
- b Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , School of the Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala , Kasaragod , India
| | - V B Sameer Kumar
- b Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , School of the Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala , Kasaragod , India
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Synthesis and evaluation of asymmetric curcuminoid analogs as potential anticancer agents that downregulate NF-κB activation and enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer cell lines to irinotecan chemotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:917-925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Szymanski MC, Gillum TL, Gould LM, Morin DS, Kuennen MR. Short-term dietary curcumin supplementation reduces gastrointestinal barrier damage and physiological strain responses during exertional heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:330-340. [PMID: 28935827 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00515.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Szymanski MC, Gillum TL, Gould LM, Morin DS, Kuennen MR. Short-term dietary curcumin supplementation reduces gastrointestinal barrier damage and physiological strain responses during exertional heat stress. J Appl Physiol 124: 330-340, 2018. First published September 21, 2017; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00515.2017 .-This work investigated the effect of 3 days of 500 mg/day dietary curcumin supplementation on gastrointestinal barrier damage and systems-physiology responses to exertional heat stress in non-heat-acclimated humans. Eight participants ran (65% V̇o2max) for 60 min in a Darwin chamber (37°C/25% relative humidity) two times (Curcumin/Placebo). Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and associated proinflammatory [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6] and anti-inflammatory [interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interleukin-10 (IL-10)] cytokines were assayed from plasma collected before (Pre), after (Post) and 1 (1-Post) and 4 (4-Post) h after exercise. Core temperature and HR were measured throughout exercise; the physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated from these variables. Condition differences were determined with 2-way (condition × time) repeated-measures ANOVAs. The interaction of condition × time was significant ( P = 0.05) for I-FABP and IL-1RA. Post hoc analysis indicated I-FABP increased more from Pre to Post (87%) and 1-Post (33%) in Placebo than in Curcumin (58 and 18%, respectively). IL-1RA increased more from Pre to 1-Post in Placebo (153%) than in Curcumin (77%). TNF-α increased ( P = 0.01) from Pre to Post (19%) and 1-Post (24%) in Placebo but not in Curcumin ( P > 0.05). IL-10 increased ( P < 0.01) from Pre to Post (61%) and 1-Post (42%) in Placebo not in Curcumin ( P > 0.05). The PSI, which indicates exertional heatstroke risk, was also lower ( P < 0.01) in Curcumin than Placebo from 40 to 60 min of exercise. These data suggest 3 days curcumin supplementation may improve gastrointestinal function, associated cytokines, and systems-level physiology responses during exertional heat stress. This could help reduce exertional heatstroke risk in non-heat-acclimated individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise-heat stress increases gastrointestinal barrier damage and risk of exertional heatstroke. Over the past decade at least eight different dietary supplements have been tested for potential improvements in gastrointestinal barrier function and systems-level physiology responses during exercise-heat stress. None have been shown to protect against both insults simultaneously. In this report 3 days of 500 mg/day dietary curcumin supplementation are shown to improve gastrointestinal barrier function, associated cytokine responses, and systems-level physiology parameters. Further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy C Szymanski
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University , High Point, North Carolina
| | - Trevor L Gillum
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University , Riverside, California
| | - Lacey M Gould
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University , High Point, North Carolina
| | - David S Morin
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University , High Point, North Carolina
| | - Matthew R Kuennen
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University , High Point, North Carolina
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Zhu J, Sanidad KZ, Sukamtoh E, Zhang G. Potential roles of chemical degradation in the biological activities of curcumin. Food Funct 2017; 8:907-914. [PMID: 28138677 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Substantial pre-clinical and human studies have shown that curcumin, a dietary compound from turmeric, has a variety of health-promoting biological activities. A better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms for the health-promoting effects of curcumin could facilitate the development of effective strategies for disease prevention. Recent studies have shown that in aqueous buffer, curcumin rapidly degrades and leads to formation of various degradation products. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of chemical degradation products of curcumin, including alkaline hydrolysis products (such as ferulic acid, vanillin, ferulaldehyde, and feruloyl methane), and autoxidation products (such as bicyclopentadione). Though many of these degradation products are biologically active, they are substantially less-active compared to curcumin, supporting that chemical degradation has a limited contribution to the biological activities of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zhu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Katherine Z Sanidad
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Elvira Sukamtoh
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Arrue L, Barra T, Camarada MB, Zarate X, Schott E. Electrochemical and theoretical characterization of the electro-oxidation of dimethoxycurcumin. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synthesis of Curcuminoids and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040633. [PMID: 28420097 PMCID: PMC6154528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (1) and ten derivatives (2–11) were synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic and antioxidant agents. The results of primary screening by Sulforhodamine B assay against five human cancer cell lines (U-251 MG, glioblastoma; PC-3, human prostatic; HCT-15, human colorectal; K562, human chronic myelogenous leukemia; and SKLU-1, non-small cell lung cancer) allowed us to calculate the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for the more active compounds against HCT-15 and K562 cell lines. Compounds 2 and 10 were the most active against both cell lines and were more active than curcumin itself. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay showed that 7 has potent activity; even stronger than curcumin, α-tocopherol, and quercetin.
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An overview of structure-activity relationship studies of curcumin analogs as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:605-626. [PMID: 28394628 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, extracted mainly from Curcuma longa rhizomes, has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although safe at higher doses and exhibiting multiple biological activities, curcumin still has the problem of poor bioavailability which has been an attractive area of research over the last few years. A number of efforts have been made by modifying structural features of curcumin. This review highlights the structurally modified and more stable newly synthesized curcumin analogs that have been screened against antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Also the structure-activity relationship to gain insight into future guidelines for scheming new compounds has been discussed, and further these analogs being more stable may serve as promising agents for use in different pathological conditions.
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Teymouri M, Barati N, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Biological and pharmacological evaluation of dimethoxycurcumin: A metabolically stable curcumin analogue with a promising therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:124-140. [PMID: 27996095 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimethoxycurcumin (DiMC) is a synthetic analog of curcumin with superior inter-related pro-oxidant and anti-cancer activity, and metabolic stability. Numerous studies have shown that DiMC reserves the biologically beneficial features, including anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and cytoprotective properties, almost to the same extent as curcumin exhibits. DiMC lacks the phenolic-OH groups as opposed to curcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin that all vary in the number of methoxy groups per molecule, and has drawn the attentions of researchers who attempted to discover the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of curcumin. In this regard, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), the reduced and biologically inert metabolite of curcumin, denotes the significance of the conjugated α,β diketone moiety for the curcumin activity. DiMC exerts unique molecular activities compared to curcumin, including induction of androgen receptor (AR) degradation and suppression of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). The enhanced AR degradation on DiMC treatment suggests it as a novel anticancer agent against resistant tumors with androgenic etiology. Further, DiMC might be a potential treatment for acne vulgaris. DiMC induces epigenetic alteration more effectively than curcumin, although both showed no direct DNA hypomethylating activity. Given the metabolic stability, nanoparticulation of DiMC is more promising for in vivo effectiveness. However, studies in this regard are still in its infancy. In the current review, we portray the various molecular and biological functions of DiMC reported so far. Whenever possible, the efficiency is compared with curcumin and the reasons for DiMC being more metabolically stable are elaborated. We also provide future perspective investigations with respect to varying DiMC-nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Teymouri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nastaran Barati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arshad L, Jantan I, Bukhari SNA, Haque MA. Immunosuppressive Effects of Natural α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl-Based Compounds, and Their Analogs and Derivatives, on Immune Cells: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28194110 PMCID: PMC5277008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex and pervasive as it functions to prevent or limit infections in the human body. In a healthy organism, the immune system and the redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body. The failure to maintain the balance may lead to impaired immune response and either over activity or abnormally low activity of the immune cells resulting in autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases. Compounds containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moieties are often reactive. The reactivity of these groups is responsible for their diverse pharmacological activities, and the most important and widely studied include the natural compounds curcumin, chalcone, and zerumbone. Numerous studies have revealed the mainly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aforesaid compounds. This review highlights the specific immunosuppressive effects of these natural α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds, and their analogs and derivatives on different types of immune cells of the innate (granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and adaptive (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) immune systems. The inhibitory effects of these compounds have been comprehensively studied on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages but their effects on T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells have not been well investigated. It is of paramount importance to continue generating experimental data on the mechanisms of action of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds on immune cells to provide useful information for ensuing research to discover new immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Arshad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Demethoxycurcumin Preserves Renovascular Function by Downregulating COX-2 Expression in Hypertension. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9045736. [PMID: 28105253 PMCID: PMC5220467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9045736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction is largely due to the exaggerated vasoconstrictor generation by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-2 is induced under inflammatory condition. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a major component of Curcuma longa L, which possesses anti-inflammatory action. This study aimed to examine whether DMC protects endothelial function in hypertension by modulating COX-2. Changes in isometric tension showed that in vivo and ex vivo treatment with DMC rescued the attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) and elevated endothelium-dependent contractions (EDCs) in the renal arteries of SHR, which were also corrected by acute usage of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. The restoration of renovascular activity by DMC was accompanied by the normalization of COX-2 expression. The enhanced COX-2 expression observed in the renal arteries of hypertensive patients was suppressed by incubation of excised arteries with DMC for 12 hrs. In the renal arteries of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), DMC prevented the endothelial dysfunction caused by angiotensin II. The reduction in the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of eNOS phosphorylation (Ser1177) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells caused by angiotensin II (Ang II) were restored by DMC or celecoxib. Our findings suggest that DMC may decrease COX-2 expression and improve endothelial function in hypertension.
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Jayakumar S, Patwardhan R, Pal D, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Dimethoxycurcumin, a metabolically stable analogue of curcumin enhances the radiosensitivity of cancer cells: Possible involvement of ROS and thioredoxin reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:446-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Park S, Lee LR, Seo JH, Kang S. Curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin both prevent osteoarthritis symptoms and decrease the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in estrogen-deficient rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:2. [PMID: 27482294 PMCID: PMC4959551 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Menopausal symptoms are associated with inflammation. Curcumin is a well-known anti-inflammatory bioactive compound from turmeric whereas tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin that may have different efficacies. However, they have not been studied for anti-menopausal symptoms and anti-osteoarthritis effects. We compared the efficacies of curcumin and THC for preventing postmenopausal and osteoarthritis symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) obese rats with monoiodoacetate (MIA) injections into the right knee to generate a similar pathology as osteoarthritis. Methods OVX rats were provided a 45 % fat diet containing either (1) 0.4 % curcumin (curcumin), (2) 0.4 % THC, (3) 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 0.4 % dextrin (positive control), (4) 0.4 % dextrin (placebo; control), or (5) 0.4 % dextrin with no MIA injection (normal control) for 4 weeks. At the beginning of the fifth week, OVX rats were given articular injections of MIA or normal-control saline into the right knee and the assigned diets were provided for an additional 3 weeks. Results Curcumin and THC had similar efficacies for skin tail temperature in OVX rats whereas THC, but not curcumin, prevented glucose intolerance, which might be involved in exacerbating osteoarthritis. Both protected against osteoarthritis symptoms and pain-related behaviors better than 17β-estradiol treatment in estrogen-deficient rats. Curcumin and THC prevented the deterioration of articular cartilage compared to control. They also maintained lean body mass and lowered fat mass as much as 17β-estradiol treatment. The improvement in osteoarthritis symptoms was associated with decreased gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP13 and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)1β, and IL6 in the articular cartilage. Conclusions THC and curcumin are effective for treating postmenopausal and osteoarthritis symptoms in OVX rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis-like symptoms and may have potential as interventions for menopausal and osteoarthritic symptoms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - La Ra Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
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Curcumin and its promise as an anticancer drug: An analysis of its anticancer and antifungal effects in cancer and associated complications from invasive fungal infections. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 772:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gao S, Zhou J, Liu N, Wang L, Gao Q, Wu Y, Zhao Q, Liu P, Wang S, Liu Y, Guo N, Shen Y, Wu Y, Yuan Z. Curcumin induces M2 macrophage polarization by secretion IL-4 and/or IL-13. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on macrophages polarization and possible mechanism involved, and to analyze the molecular basis of its antiatherosclerosis activity. RAW264.7 macrophages (M0) and M1 macrophages were treated with curcumin at 0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μmol/L with or without GW9662. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, we examined the phenotype markers of M1 [iNOS, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1] and M2 (KLF4, FIZZ1, and MGL1] macrophages. Curcumin reduced the expression of the M1 phenotype markers and upregulated the expression of proliferator-activated receptor γ in M0 and M1 macrophages and IKBα in M1 macrophages. When M1 macrophages were incubated with curcumin and GW9662, the expression of the M1 phenotype markers was decreased, while IKBα was upregulated. The expression of the M2 phenotype markers in M0 and M1 macrophages was upregulated after the curcumin treatment. When M0 and M1 macrophages were incubated with curcumin and GW9662, the expression of the M2 phenotype markers was reduced. Curcumin inhibited the M1 inflammation phenotype as a result of the direct activation of IKBα and polarized the macrophages to become M2 phenotype through the activation of proliferator-activated receptor γ. These findings provide new clues to develop new drug therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Aggarwal BB, Deb L, Prasad S. Curcumin differs from tetrahydrocurcumin for molecular targets, signaling pathways and cellular responses. Molecules 2014; 20:185-205. [PMID: 25547723 PMCID: PMC6272158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a golden pigment from turmeric, has been linked with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Most of the these activities have been assigned to methoxy, hydroxyl, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety or to diketone groups present in curcumin. One of the major metabolites of curcumin is tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), which lacks α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and is white in color. Whether THC is superior to curcumin on a molecular level is unclear and thus is the focus of this review. Various studies suggest that curcumin is a more potent antioxidant than THC; curcumin (but not THC) can bind and inhibit numerous targets including DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase-1, heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2, β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, amyloid plaques, reactive oxygen species, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclin D1, glutathione, P300/CBP, 5-lipoxygenase, cytosolic phospholipase A2, prostaglandin E2, inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-1, -2, P38MAPK, p-Tau, tumor necrosis factor-α, forkhead box O3a, CRAC; curcumin can inhibit tumor cell growth and suppress cellular entry of viruses such as influenza A virus and hepatitis C virus much more effectively than THC; curcumin affects membrane mobility; and curcumin is also more effective than THC in suppressing phorbol-ester-induced tumor promotion. Other studies, however, suggest that THC is superior to curcumin for induction of GSH peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADPH: quinone reductase, and quenching of free radicals. Most studies have indicated that THC exhibits higher antioxidant activity, but curcumin exhibits both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
| | - Lokesh Deb
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
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Young NA, Bruss MS, Gardner M, Willis WL, Mo X, Valiente GR, Cao Y, Liu Z, Jarjour WN, Wu LC. Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111559. [PMID: 25369140 PMCID: PMC4219720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. While curcumin does have potential therapeutic efficacy, both solubility and bioavailability must be improved before it can be more successfully translated to clinical care. We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. Here, we confirm the immunosuppressive effects of NEC in vivo and further examine its molecular mechanisms to better understand therapeutic potential. Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. In a mouse model of peritonitis, NEC significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, but not T-cell or B-cell levels. In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Young
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Bruss
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark Gardner
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William L. Willis
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Giancarlo R. Valiente
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhongfa Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wael N. Jarjour
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Miltonprabu S, Muthumani M. Dimethoxycurcumin potentially protects arsenic induced oxidative hepatic injury, inflammation and apoptosis via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Coban D, Milenkovic D, Chanet A, Khallou-Laschet J, Sabbe L, Palagani A, Vanden Berghe W, Mazur A, Morand C. Dietary curcumin inhibits atherosclerosis by affecting the expression of genes involved in leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1270-81. [PMID: 22753158 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the study was to examine the atheroprotective effect of dietary curcumin in a mouse model of atherosclerosis and to identify its cellular and molecular targets at the vascular level. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with curcumin at 0.2% (wt/wt) in diet for 4 months. This supplementation reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesion by 26% and induced changes in expression of genes implicated in cell adhesion and transendothelial migration or cytoskeleton organization, as revealed by a transcriptomic analysis in the aorta. Expression profile of these genes suggests reduction in both leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed a reduction (-37%) in macrophage infiltration in the plaque, as measured by immunohistochemistry, and, in vitro, a lower adhesion of monocytes to TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells (-32%) after exposure to a nutritionally achievable concentration of curcumin. These changes in gene expression could be related to the observed increased expression of IκB protein and decrease of TNF-α-induced NF-κB/DNA binding and NF-κB-transcriptional activity upon exposure to curcumin. CONCLUSION Our findings pointed out that the antiatherogenic effect of curcumin could be linked to its effect on gene networks and cell functions related to leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration via NF-κB-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Coban
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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BDMC33, A curcumin derivative suppresses inflammatory responses in macrophage-like cellular system: role of inhibition in NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2985-3008. [PMID: 22489138 PMCID: PMC3317699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary screening has shown that curcumin derivative BDMC33 [2,6-bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone] exerted promising nitric oxide inhibitory activity in activated macrophages. However, the molecular basis and mechanism for its pharmacological action is yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of BDMC33 and elucidate its underlying mechanism action in macrophage cells. Our current study demonstrated that BDMC33 inhibits the secretion of major pro-inflammatory mediators in stimulated macrophages, and includes NO, TNF-α and IL-1β through interference in both nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen activator protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in IFN-γ/LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, BDMC33 also interrupted LPS signaling through inhibiting the surface expression of CD-14 accessory molecules. In addition, the inhibitory action of BDMC33 not only restricted the macrophages cell (RAW264.7), but also inhibited the secretion of NO and TNF-α in IFN-γ/LPS-challenged microglial cells (BV-2). The experimental data suggests the inflammatory action of BDMC33 on activated macrophage-like cellular systems, which could be used as a future therapeutic agent in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Kunwar A, Jayakumar S, Srivastava AK, Priyadarsini KI. Dimethoxycurcumin-induced cell death in human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells: evidence for pro-oxidant activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:603-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Patwardhan RS, Checker R, Sharma D, Kohli V, Priyadarsini K, Sandur SK. Dimethoxycurcumin, a metabolically stable analogue of curcumin, exhibits anti-inflammatory activities in murine and human lymphocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:642-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kunwar A, Barik A, Sandur SK, Indira Priyadarsini K. Differential antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of dimethoxycurcumin, a synthetic analogue of curcumin. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:959-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.571681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Kunwar A, Simon E, Singh U, Chittela RK, Sharma D, Sandur SK, Priyadarsini IK. Interaction of a curcumin analogue dimethoxycurcumin with DNA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:281-7. [PMID: 21244640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dimethoxycurcumin (Dimc), a synthetic analogue of curcumin, that has been reported to exhibit better in vivo stability and anti-tumour activity, was investigated for its interaction with DNA, employing spectroscopic methods based on absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), ethidium bromide (EtBr) competitive binding assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) displacement assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. The mean binding constant for its interaction with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was estimated to be 4.4±0.8 × 10(4) m(-1) . The studies using CD revealed that Dimc did not cause unwinding of the ct-DNA helix or induce major conformational changes. The EtBr and DAPI assays indicated that Dimc is not an intercalator but a minor groove binder. FRET assay also confirmed that Dimc interacts with DNA strands. Furthermore, viscosity measurements of ct-DNA solutions in the presence of Dimc supported these spectroscopic observations. Addition of Dimc to MCF-7 cells showed nuclear localization as visualized by confocal microscopy. In conclusion, the present studies addressed the mode of interaction of Dimc with biomolecules, which may have implications in developing Dimc as a DNA-targeted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kunwar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai, India.
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Arezki A, Chabot G, Quentin L, Scherman D, Jaouen G, Brulé E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ferrocenyl curcuminoid derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011; 2:190-195. [PMID: 23967373 DOI: 10.1039/c0md00231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose to improve the biological activities of curcumin, eight novel ferrocenyl curcuminoids were synthesized by covalent anchorage of three different ferrocenyl ligands. We evaluated their cytotoxicity on B16 melanoma cells and normal NIH 3T3 cells, their inhibition of tubulin polymerization and their effect on the morphology of endothelial cells. The presence of a ferrocenyl side chain was clearly shown to improve the biological activity of most of their corresponding organic curcuminoid analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusch Arezki
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel Chimie ParisTech CNRS : UMR7223 Université Paris VI - Pierre et Marie Curie 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 72531 Paris Cedex 05, FR
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Lee JW, Hong HM, Kwon DD, Pae HO, Jeong HJ. Dimethoxycurcumin, a structural analogue of curcumin, induces apoptosis in human renal carcinoma caki cells through the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of cytochrome C, and the activation of caspase-3. Korean J Urol 2010; 51:870-8. [PMID: 21221209 PMCID: PMC3016435 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2010.51.12.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Curcumin (Cur) has been reported to induce apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. Dimethoxycurcumin (DMC), one of several synthetic Cur analogues, has been reported to have increased metabolic stability over Cur. We determined whether DMC, like Cur, induces apoptosis in Caki cells and also compared the apoptosis-inducing activity of DMC with that of Cur. Materials and Methods Caki cells were treated with DMC possessing four methoxy groups, Cur possessing two methoxy groups, or bis-demethoxycurcumin (BMC), which lacks a methoxy group. Cell viability was measured by using a methyltetrazolium assay. Flow cytometry and the caspase-3 activity assay were used to detect apoptosis. The release of cytochrome-c (Cyt c) was detected by Western blot analysis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. Results DMC, Cur, and BMC reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis, but the potency varied; DMC was the most potent compound, followed by Cur and BMC. ROS production, Cyt c release, and caspase-3 activity were increased, again in the order DMC>Cur>BMC. N-Acetylcysteine, a potent antioxidant, inhibited ROS production, Cyt c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis induction in DMC-treated cells. Conclusions These results indicate that DMC, like the original form of Cur, may induce apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells through the production of ROS, the release of mitochondrial Cyt c, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. In addition, DMC is more potent than Cur in the ability to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Whan Lee
- Department of Urology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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Ben P, Liu J, Lu C, Xu Y, Xin Y, Fu J, Huang H, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Luo L, Yin Z. Curcumin promotes degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and suppresses its enzyme activity in RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:179-86. [PMID: 21094287 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Previous works showed that curcumin decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS up-regulation at transcription level. However, whether curcumin could regulate iNOS at the post-translational level is still unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that curcumin promoted the degradation of iNOS which is expressed under LPS stimulation in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Mechanically, such degradation of iNOS protein is due to ubiquitination and proteasome-dependency since it was almost completely blocked by N-benzoyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132), a specific inhibitor of proteasome. Furthermore, curcumin decreased iNOS tyrosine phosphorylation through inhibiting ERK 1/2 activation and subsequently suppressed iNOS enzyme activity. In conclusion, our research displays a new finding that curcumin can promote the ubiqitination and degradation of iNOS after LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Ben
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Feng JY, Liu ZQ. Phenolic and enolic hydroxyl groups in curcumin: which plays the major role in scavenging radicals? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:11041-11046. [PMID: 19736944 DOI: 10.1021/jf902244g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to clarify the antioxidant abilities of phenolic and enolic hydroxyl groups in curcumin. 1,7-bis(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BEC), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diol (OHC), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (THC), and 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BDC) are synthesized to determine the antioxidant activities by using antiradical assays against 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, galvinoxyl radical, and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cation radical (ABTS*+) and by protecting DNA and erythrocyte against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) induced oxidation. The phenolic hydroxyl is the main group for curcumin to trap DPPH, galvinoxyl, and ABTS*+ radicals. The conjugative system between enolic and phenolic hydroxyl groups is beneficial for curcumin to protect erythrocytes against hemin-induced hemolysis and to protect DNA against AAPH-induced oxidation, but is not beneficial for curcumin to protect erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis. More hydroxyl groups enhance the antioxidant effectiveness of curcumin in the experimental systems employed herein. Therefore, curcumin acts as an antioxidant through the phenolic hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Feng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Boonjaraspinyo S, Boonmars T, Aromdee C, Srisawangwong T, Kaewsamut B, Pinlaor S, Yongvanit P, Puapairoj A. Turmeric reduces inflammatory cells in hamster opisthorchiasis. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:1459-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bastos DHM, Rogero MM, Arêas JAG. Mecanismos de ação de compostos bioativos dos alimentos no contexto de processos inflamatórios relacionados à obesidade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 53:646-56. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
É indiscutível o papel da dieta e dos alimentos na manutenção da saúde e na redução do risco de DCNT. Estudos epidemiológicos mostram que o aumento do consumo de alimentos de origem vegetal influencia positivamente a saúde, enquanto estudos in vitro e in vivo em modelo animal elucidam os mecanismos pelos quais compostos bioativos não nutrientes, presentes nos alimentos, atuam na manutenção da saúde e na redução do risco de doenças. A modulação da expressão de genes que codificam proteínas envolvidas em vias de sinalização celular ativadas em DCNT é um dos mecanismos de ação dos compostos bioativos, sugerindo que estes possam ser essenciais à manutenção da saúde. A biodisponibilidade dos compostos bioativos de alimentos, as suas rotas metabólicas e o modo de ação de seus metabólitos são importantes fatores no seu efeito nas DCNT. Todos esses aspectos são temas de investigações recentes, cujos resultados contribuem para a compreensão da ocorrência e desenvolvimento das DCNT e da sua relação com a dieta. Essa revisão visou discutir alguns dos mecanismos envolvidos na resposta inflamatória induzida pela obesidade, apresentar os compostos bioativos de alimentos que modulam essa resposta inflamatória e sua relação com o metabolismo desses compostos.
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Curcumin attenuates ethanol-induced toxicity in HT22 hippocampal cells by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. Neurosci Lett 2009; 453:186-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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