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Sáez-Fuertes L, Kapravelou G, Grases-Pintó B, Massot-Cladera M, Bernabeu M, Knipping K, Garssen J, Bourdet-Sicard R, Castell M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Collado MC, Pérez-Cano FJ. Impact of maternal Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and scGOS/lcFOS supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the maternal immune system and milk composition. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1418594. [PMID: 38975337 PMCID: PMC11224147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal synbiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can significantly influence the immune system. Prebiotics and probiotics have a positive impact on the immune system by preventing or ameliorating among others intestinal disorders. This study focused on the immunomodulatory effects of B. breve M-16V and short chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS)/long chain fructo-oligosachairdes (lcFOS), including systemic and mucosal compartments and milk composition. Methods Lewis rats were orally administered with the synbiotic or vehicle during pregnancy (21 days) and lactation (21 days). At the weaning day, small intestine (SI), mammary gland (MG), adipose tissue, milk, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), salivary gland (SG), feces and cecal content were collected from the mothers. Results The immunoglobulinome profile showed increased IgG2c in plasma and milk, as well as elevated sIgA in feces at weaning. The supplementation improved lipid metabolism through enhanced brown adipose tissue activity and reinforced the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of Muc3, Cldn4, and Ocln. The higher production of short chain fatty acids in the cecum and increased Bifidobacterium counts suggest a potential positive impact on the gastrointestinal tract. Discussion These findings indicate that maternal synbiotic supplementation during gestation and lactation improves their immunological status and improved milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sáez-Fuertes
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Grases-Pintó
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malen Massot-Cladera
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernabeu
- Institute of Agrochemisty and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karen Knipping
- Division Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raphaëlle Bourdet-Sicard
- Life Science and Digital Health, Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Margarida Castell
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemisty and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Zhang P, Xue Y, Cao Z, Guo Y, Pang X, Chen C, Zhang W. Raffinose Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Targeting the Inflammatory TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Foods 2024; 13:1849. [PMID: 38928791 PMCID: PMC11203344 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protective effects of raffinose (Raf) against inflammatory bowel disease in mice with colitis. Mice were administered 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg Raf for 21 d, followed by drinking-water containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) for 3 d. Thereafter, the phenotype, pathological lesions in the colon, cytokines levels, and gut microbiota were evaluated. Treatment with Raf reduced the severity of the pathological changes in the colon, mitigating the reduction in colon length. Following Raf intervention, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) tended to return to normal. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Raf are associated with a reduction in TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway expression in mouse colonic tissues. Analysis of gut microbiota abundance and its correlation with colitis parameters revealed that DSS-induced dysbiosis was partially mitigated by Raf. In conclusion, Raf exerts a protective effect in colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway.
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Multifaceted role of synbiotics as nutraceuticals, therapeutics and carrier for drug delivery. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dietary raffinose ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acid via modulation of enterohepatic bile acid circulation in rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1621-1630. [PMID: 34256877 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterohepatic circulation of 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) is enhanced depending on the energy intake in high-fat diet-fed rats. Such BA metabolism can be reproduced using a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which also induces simple steatosis, without inflammation and fibrosis, accompanied by some other symptoms that are frequently observed in the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. We investigated whether supplementation of the diet with raffinose (Raf) improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the CA-fed condition in rats. After acclimation to the AIN-93-based control diet, male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with a combination of Raf (30 g/kg diet) and/or CA (0·5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Dietary Raf normalised hepatic TAG levels (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·02 for Raf and P = 0·004 for interaction) in the CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. Dietary Raf supplementation reduced hepatic 12αOH BA concentration (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·003 for Raf and P = 0·03 for interaction). The concentration of 12αOH BA was reduced in the aortic and portal plasma. Raf supplementation increased acetic acid concentration in the caecal contents (two-way ANOVA P = 0·001 as a main effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and caecal acetic acid could serve as predictors of hepatic TAG concentration (R2 = 0·55, P < 0·001). However, Raf did not decrease the secondary 12αOH BA concentration in the caecal contents as well as the transaminase activity in the CA diet-fed rats. These results imply that dietary Raf normalises hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of enterohepatic 12αOH BA circulation.
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Wang Y, Moon A, Huang J, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Antiviral Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Probiotics as Promising Antivirals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928050. [PMID: 35734576 PMCID: PMC9207339 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics exert a variety of beneficial effects, including maintaining homeostasis and the balance of intestinal microorganisms, activating the immune system, and regulating immune responses. Due to the beneficial effects of probiotics, a wide range of probiotics have been developed as probiotic agents for animal and human health. Viral diseases cause serious economic losses to the livestock every year and remain a great challenge for animals. Moreover, strategies for the prevention and control of viral diseases are limited. Viruses enter the host through the skin and mucosal surface, in which are colonized by hundreds of millions of microorganisms. The antiviral effects of probiotics have been proved, including modulation of chemical, microbial, physical, and immune barriers through various probiotics, probiotic metabolites, and host signaling pathways. It is of great significance yet far from enough to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. The major interest of this review is to discuss the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics and to provide targets for the development of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
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Zeng Z, Zhang Y, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Zheng P, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Yu B, Chen D. Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:393-399. [PMID: 34258427 PMCID: PMC8245804 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
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Zhu X, Liu J, Liu H, Yang G. Soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, and raffinose in broilers diets: effects on odor compound concentration and microbiota in cecal digesta. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3532-3539. [PMID: 32616249 PMCID: PMC7597845 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean oligosaccharides have been previously shown to be associated with the production of major odor-causing compounds in broilers, although little is known about the role of stachyose and raffinose, which are key components of soybean oligosaccharide, in broiler cecal microbiota and odor compound production. To this end, soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, and raffinose were added to the birds' diets to investigate their effects on odor compound production and the microbial community characteristics of the cecum in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Arbor Acre broilers with similar initial live weight were randomly allocated into 5 dietary groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds. The diets included soybean meal (positive control), soybean meal-free (negative control), 0.6% soybean oligosaccharide, 0.6% stachyose, or 0.6% raffinose. After a 49-D feeding period, both ceca were aseptically removed postmortem, and the contents were collected and analyzed for skatole, indole, volatile fatty acids, and lactic acid by using high performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial communities were detected by using a high-throughput sequencing platform based on IlluminaMiSeq 2500. Levels of skatole and indole tended to be lower in the dietary supplementation of oligosaccharides. The lowest levels of skatole and indole were observed in the stachyose group (P < 0.05), while the highest levels were found in the negative control group (P < 0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in the stachyose group were increased (P < 0.05) while those of butyric acid and lactic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the soybean oligosaccharide and raffinose groups. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were prevalent in all groups, the proportion of Bacteroidetes was slightly decreased in the stachyose group, and Verrucomicrobia was abundant in the raffinose group (P > 0.05). Bacterial genera Alistipes and Parabacteroides were comparably abundant in the stachyose group, while Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia were more abundant in the negative control, stachyose, and raffinose groups, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that dietary oligosaccharide supplementation significantly reduced odor compound production by modulating the cecal microbial community. Compared with soybean oligosaccharide and raffinose, the addition of stachyose into diets may help improve gut fermentation and minimize odor compound generation in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jizhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Dai Z, Lyu W, Xiang X, Tang Y, Hu B, Ou S, Zeng X. Immunomodulatory Effects of Enzymatic-Synthesized α-Galactooligosaccharides and Evaluation of the Structure-Activity Relationship. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9070-9079. [PMID: 30086236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, α-galactooligosaccharides (α-GOSs) were synthesized using galactose as the substrate and α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger as the catalyst. In the reaction, synthesized products of U1, U2, U3, and U4 were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. By mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatization, U1 was the mixture of disaccharides of α-d-Gal p-(1→1)-α-d-Gal, α-d-Gal p-(1→2)-α-d-Gal, α-d-Gal p-(1→3)-α-d-Gal, α-d-Gal p-(1→4)-α-d-Gal, U2 was identified to be α-d-Gal p-(1→6)-α-d-Gal, U3 was the mixture of galactotrisaccharides linked by one α-(1→6)-glycosidic linkage and one other α-glycosidic linkage, and U4 was identified as α-d-Gal p-(1→6)-α-d-Gal p-(1→6)-α-d-Gal. Afterward, the synthesized α-GOSs (U1, U2, U3, U4, and their mixture) as well as α-GOSs (manninotriose, stachyose, ciceritol, and verbascose) obtained from natural materials were used as subjects to evaluate their immunomodulatory effects in vitro by culturing mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that α-GOS with a higher degree of polymerization had better immunomodulatory activity, while to a certain extent, α-GOS linked with α-(1→6)-galactosidic linkage showed a better immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Farm Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyong Lyu
- Nutrition and Food Branch of China Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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Ejby M, Fredslund F, Andersen JM, Vujičić Žagar A, Henriksen JR, Andersen TL, Svensson B, Slotboom DJ, Abou Hachem M. An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Mediates the Uptake of α-(1,6)-Linked Dietary Oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium and Correlates with Competitive Growth on These Substrates. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20220-31. [PMID: 27502277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular details and impact of oligosaccharide uptake by distinct human gut microbiota (HGM) are currently not well understood. Non-digestible dietary galacto- and gluco-α-(1,6)-oligosaccharides from legumes and starch, respectively, are preferentially fermented by mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the human gut. Here we show that the solute binding protein (BlG16BP) associated with an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 binds α-(1,6)-linked glucosides and galactosides of varying size, linkage, and monosaccharide composition with preference for the trisaccharides raffinose and panose. This preference is also reflected in the α-(1,6)-galactoside uptake profile of the bacterium. Structures of BlG16BP in complex with raffinose and panose revealed the basis for the remarkable ligand binding plasticity of BlG16BP, which recognizes the non-reducing α-(1,6)-diglycoside in its ligands. BlG16BP homologues occur predominantly in bifidobacteria and a few Firmicutes but lack in other HGMs. Among seven bifidobacterial taxa, only those possessing this transporter displayed growth on α-(1,6)-glycosides. Competition assays revealed that the dominant HGM commensal Bacteroides ovatus was out-competed by B. animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 in mixed cultures growing on raffinose, the preferred ligand for the BlG16BP. By comparison, B. ovatus mono-cultures grew very efficiently on this trisaccharide. These findings suggest that the ABC-mediated uptake of raffinose provides an important competitive advantage, particularly against dominant Bacteroides that lack glycan-specific ABC-transporters. This novel insight highlights the role of glycan transport in defining the metabolic specialization of gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ejby
- From the Protein Glycoscience and Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering, Elektrovej, Building 375
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- MaxLab, MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, 221 00 LUND, Sweden, and
| | - Joakim Mark Andersen
- From the Protein Glycoscience and Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering, Elektrovej, Building 375
| | - Andreja Vujičić Žagar
- Membrane Enzymology, Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Lars Andersen
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanotechnology, Produktionstorvet Building 423, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- From the Protein Glycoscience and Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering, Elektrovej, Building 375
| | - Dirk Jan Slotboom
- Membrane Enzymology, Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- From the Protein Glycoscience and Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering, Elektrovej, Building 375,
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Lee Y, Yoshitsugu R, Kikuchi K, Joe GH, Tsuji M, Nose T, Shimizu H, Hara H, Minamida K, Miwa K, Ishizuka S. Combination of soya pulp and Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 improves intestinal bile acid metabolism without impairing the effects of prebiotics in rats fed a cholic acid-supplemented diet. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:603-10. [PMID: 27464459 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are involved in bile acid (BA) deconjugation and/or dehydroxylation and are responsible for the production of secondary BA. However, an increase in the production of secondary BA modulates the intestinal microbiota due to the bactericidal effects and promotes cancer risk in the liver and colon. The ingestion of Bacillus coagulans improves constipation via the activation of bowel movement to promote defaecation in humans, which may alter BA metabolism in the intestinal contents. BA secretion is promoted with high-fat diet consumption, and the ratio of cholic acid (CA):chenodeoxycholic acid in primary BA increases with ageing. The dietary supplementation of CA mimics the BA environment in diet-induced obesity and ageing. We investigated whether B. coagulans lilac-01 and soya pulp influence both BA metabolism and the maintenance of host health in CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. In CA-fed rats, soya pulp significantly increased the production of secondary BA such as deoxycholic acid and ω-muricholic acids, and soya pulp ingestion alleviated problems related to plasma adiponectin and gut permeability in rats fed the CA diet. The combination of B. coagulans and soya pulp successfully suppressed the increased production of secondary BA in CA-fed rats compared with soya pulp itself, without impairing the beneficial effects of soya pulp ingestion. In conclusion, it is possible that a combination of prebiotics and probiotics can be used to avoid an unnecessary increase in the production of secondary BA in the large intestine without impairing the beneficial functions of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonmi Lee
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Reika Yoshitsugu
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Keidai Kikuchi
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Ga-Hyun Joe
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Misaki Tsuji
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Takuma Nose
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- 1Research Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8589,Japan
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Dai Z, Su D, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Hu B, Ye H, Jabbar S, Zeng X. Immunomodulatory activity in vitro and in vivo of verbascose from mung beans (Phaseolus aureus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10727-10735. [PMID: 25317918 DOI: 10.1021/jf503510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the immunostimulatory activity of verbascose from mung beans (Phaseolus aureus) was evaluated by using in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models. The results of in vitro experiments showed that verbascose could enhance the ability of devouring neutral red of peritoneal macrophages and promote the release of nitric oxide and immune reactive molecules such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, and IFN-γ. Treatment with verbascose at a dose of 200 μg/mL exhibited the best effects. For assay in vivo, administration of verbascose at a medium dose of 90 mg/kg body weight could significantly increase the index of spleen, activity of lysozyme in spleen and serum, hemolysin level in serum, and swelling rate of earlap in the delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) of immunosuppressed mice. All of the results suggested that verbascose had potent immunostimulatory activity and could be explored as a potential natural immunomodulatory agent in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Kim TB, Kim SH, Sung SH. Quantitation of α-galactosides in Rehmannia glutinosa by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:607-612. [PMID: 22473871 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) to control several diseases and stimulate immune systems has been studied. Rehmannia glutinosa is reported to contain RFOs; however, there are no reports on their content level in R. glutinosa. Furthermore, it is difficult to analyse RFOs using common reverse-phase chromatographic techniques due to their high polarity. OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid and reliable chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantitation of multiple RFOs in R. glutinosa. METHODOLOGY Chromatographic separation was performed by using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector. For efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction of oligosaccharides, a central composite design was used. RESULTS Response surface analysis estimated the highest-obtained yields of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose to be 58.31, 408.75 and 26.59 mg, respectively, from 1 g of R. glutinosa, while under optimal conditions, experimental yields per gram were 56.79, 391.42 and 27.69 mg, respectively. CONCLUSION A rapid and reliable chromatographic method to simultaneously quantitate multiple RFOs in R. glutinosa was developed. Three RFOs in R. glutinosa were separated within 10 min using isocratic conditions. Quantitative analysis of RFOs showed that R. glutinosa may be a rich source of α-galacto-oligosaccharides, especially stachyose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Hachem MA, Fredslund F, Andersen JM, Jonsgaard Larsen R, Majumder A, Ejby M, Van Zanten G, Lahtinen SJ, Barrangou R, Klaenhammer T, Jacobsen S, Coutinho PM, Lo Leggio L, Svensson B. Raffinose family oligosaccharide utilisation by probiotic bacteria: insight into substrate recognition, molecular architecture and diversity of GH36 α-galactosidases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.674717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Islam KBMS, Fukiya S, Hagio M, Fujii N, Ishizuka S, Ooka T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Yokota A. Bile acid is a host factor that regulates the composition of the cecal microbiota in rats. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1773-81. [PMID: 21839040 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota have been associated with metabolic diseases. However, little is known about host factors that induce changes in gastrointestinal bacterial populations. We investigated the role of bile acids in this process because of their strong antimicrobial activities, specifically the effects of cholic acid administration on the composition of the gut microbiota in a rat model. METHODS Rats were fed diets supplemented with different concentrations of cholic acid for 10 days. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone library sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize the composition of the cecal microbiota of the different diet groups. Bile acids in feces, organic acids in cecal contents, and some blood parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS Administration of cholic acid induced phylum-level alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota; Firmicutes predominated at the expense of Bacteroidetes. Cholic acid feeding simplified the composition of the microbiota, with outgrowth of several bacteria in the classes Clostridia and Erysipelotrichi. Externally administered cholic acid was efficiently transformed into deoxycholic acid by a bacterial 7α-dehydroxylation reaction. Serum levels of adiponectin decreased significantly in rats given the cholic acid diet. CONCLUSIONS Cholic acid regulates the composition of gut microbiota in rats, inducing similar changes to those induced by high-fat diets. These findings improve our understanding of the relationship between metabolic diseases and the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B M Saiful Islam
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Endo A, Futagawa-Endo Y, Dicks LMT. Diversity of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in feces of herbivores, omnivores and carnivores. Anaerobe 2010; 16:590-6. [PMID: 21034840 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium population in the feces of 26 animals (16 species) were studied by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Lactobacilli were detected from a few herbivores, all carnivores and some omnivores. Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus vaginalis and Lactobacillus ingluviei were the most dominant lactobacilli in carnivores. These species were, however, not predominant in herbivores and omnivores. Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, usually present in raw plant material, were present in omnivores but not in carnivores. Bifidobacteria were detected in only four herbivores and two omnivores. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was the only Bifidobacterium species detected in herbivores. Bifidobacteria detected in the two omnivores are phylogenetically not closely related to known species and are possible novel species in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Yang X, Zhao Y, He N, Croft KD. Isolation, characterization, and immunological effects of alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides from a new source, the herb Lycopus lucidus Turcz. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8253-8258. [PMID: 20583842 DOI: 10.1021/jf101217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to isolate and characterize a mixture of alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from a new source, the roots of Lycopus lucidus Turcz. (RL), a traditional dietary treatment. In this study, the chemical components and immunological function of RL-GOS were investigated. HPLC analysis showed that the purified RL-GOS was a typical raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) with a high stachyose content of 51.8% (w/w), followed by 26.5% raffinose and 10.1% verbascose. Further functional evaluation showed that RL-GOS could elicit a significant increase (p < 0.05 vs control) in humoral immunity, as measured by plaque-forming cell (PFC) generation and serum hemolysin level in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at all three tested doses of RL-GOS (0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 g/kg of BW) in mice. In addition, the cellular immune activity of RL-GOS was also demonstrated by enhancing in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to SRBC and spleenocyte proliferation response to concanavalin A (p < 0.05, compared with control group). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in weight gain, lymphoid organ indices, and phagocytosis capacity following RL-GOS treatment. This study provides evidence for the discovery of a new GOS source (20% w/w GOS in fresh roots of L. lucidus Turcz.) and its potential application as an immune stimulant in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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