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Cheung C, Tu S, Feng Y, Wan C, Ai H, Chen Z. Mitochondrial quality control dysfunction in osteoarthritis: Mechanisms, therapeutic strategies & future prospects. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105522. [PMID: 38861889 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, pain, and disability. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial quality control dysfunction contributes to OA pathogenesis. Mitochondria are essential organelles to generate cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation and regulate vital processes. Impaired mitochondria can negatively impact cellular metabolism and result in the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dysfunction in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms has been increasingly linked to OA onset and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of mitochondrial quality control disruption in OA, highlighting disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defenses and mitophagy. The review also discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial Quality Control in OA, offering future perspectives on advancing OA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuen Cheung
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Tu
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuiming Wan
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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2
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Pal C. Small-molecule redox modulators with anticancer activity: A comprehensive mechanistic update. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:211-227. [PMID: 37898387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of effective anticancer therapies has led to a burgeoning interest in the realm of redox modulation. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate mechanisms by which diverse anticancer molecules leverage redox pathways for therapeutic intervention. Redox modulation, encompassing the fine balance of oxidation-reduction processes within cells, has emerged as a pivotal player in cancer treatment. This review delves into the multifaceted mechanisms of action employed by various anticancer compounds, including small molecules and natural products, to disrupt cancer cell proliferation and survival. Beginning with an examination of the role of redox signaling in cancer development and resistance, the review highlights how aberrant redox dynamics can fuel tumorigenesis. It then meticulously dissects the strategies employed by anticancer agents to induce oxidative stress, perturb redox equilibrium, and trigger apoptosis within cancer cells. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and potential side effects associated with redox-based treatments, along with the development of novel redox-targeted agents. In summary, this review offers a profound understanding of the dynamic interplay between redox modulation and anticancer molecules, presenting promising avenues to revolutionize cancer therapy and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Gobardanga Hindu College, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 743273, India.
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3
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Alferiev IS, Guerrero DT, Soberman D, Guan P, Nguyen F, Kolla V, Fishbein I, Pressly BB, Brodeur GM, Chorny M. Nanocarrier-Based Delivery of SN22 as a Tocopheryl Oxamate Prodrug Achieves Rapid Tumor Regression and Extends Survival in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031752. [PMID: 35163672 PMCID: PMC8836113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of intensive multimodality therapy, the majority of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients do not survive. Without significant improvements in delivery strategies, anticancer agents used as a first-line treatment for high-risk tumors often fail to provide clinically meaningful results in the settings of disseminated, recurrent, or refractory disease. By enhancing pharmacological selectivity, favorably shifting biodistribution, strengthening tumor cell killing potency, and overcoming drug resistance, nanocarrier-mediated delivery of topoisomerase I inhibitors of the camptothecin family has the potential to dramatically improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. In this study, a structurally enhanced camptothecin analog, SN22, reversibly coupled with a redox-silent tocol derivative (tocopheryl oxamate) to allow its optimally stable encapsulation and controlled release from PEGylated sub-100 nm nanoparticles (NP), exhibited strong NB cell growth inhibitory activity, translating into rapid regression and durably suppressed regrowth of orthotopic, MYCN-amplified NB tumors. The robust antitumor effects and markedly extended survival achieved in preclinical models recapitulating different phases of high-risk disease (at diagnosis vs. at relapse with an acquired loss of p53 function after intensive multiagent chemotherapy) demonstrate remarkable potential of SN22 delivered in the form of a hydrolytically cleavable superhydrophobic prodrug encapsulated in biodegradable nanocarriers as an experimental strategy for treating refractory solid tumors in high-risk cancer patients.
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Cytotoxic triterpenoid-safirinium conjugates target the endoplasmic reticulum. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112920. [PMID: 33049606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Safirinium P and Q fluorescence labels were synthesized and conjugated with spacered triterpenoic acids to access hybrid structures. While the parent safirinium compounds were not cytotoxic at all, many triterpenoid safirinium P and Q conjugates showed moderate cytotoxicity. An exception, however, was safirinium P derived compound 30 holding low EC50 = 5.4 μM (for A375 cells) to EC50 = 7.5 μM (for FaDu cells) as well as EC50 = 6.6 μM for non-malignant fibroblasts NIH 3T3. Fluorescence imaging showed that the safirinium core structures cannot enter the cells (not even after a prolonged incubation time of 24 h), while the conjugates (as exemplified for 30) are accumulating in the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the mitochondria. The development of safirinium-hybrids targeting the endoplasmic reticulum can be regarded as a promising strategy in the development of cytotoxic agents.
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Zhu YX, Jia HR, Gao G, Pan GY, Jiang YW, Li P, Zhou N, Li C, She C, Ulrich NW, Chen Z, Wu FG. Mitochondria-acting nanomicelles for destruction of cancer cells via excessive mitophagy/autophagy-driven lethal energy depletion and phototherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Hama S, Okamura Y, Kamei K, Nagao S, Hayashi M, Shizuka M, Fukuzawa K, Kogure K. α-Tocopheryl succinate stabilizes the structure of tumor vessels by inhibiting angiopoietin-2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:947-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Bousseau S, Vergori L, Soleti R, Lenaers G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Glycosylation as new pharmacological strategies for diseases associated with excessive angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:92-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Savitskaya MA, Onischenko GE. α-Tocopheryl Succinate Affects Malignant Cell Viability, Proliferation, and Differentiation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:806-18. [PMID: 27677550 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916080034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of malignant tumors motivates great attention to finding and investigating effective new antitumor preparations. Such preparations include compounds of the vitamin E family. Among them, α-tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate (VES)) has the most pronounced antitumor properties. In this review, various targets and mechanisms of the antitumor effect of vitamin E succinate are characterized. It has been shown that VES has multiple intracellular targets and effects, and as a result VES is able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, inhibit their proliferation, induce differentiation, prevent metastasizing, and inhibit angiogenesis. However, VES has minimal effects on normal cells and tissues. Due to the variety of targets and selectivity of action, VES is a promising agent against malignant neoplasms. More detailed studies in this area can contribute to development of effective and safe chemotherapeutic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Savitskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Gao Y, Qi X, Zheng Y, Ji H, Wu L, Zheng N, Tang J. Nanoemulsion enhances α-tocopherol succinate bioavailability in rats. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:506-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Jiang D, Gao X, Kang T, Feng X, Yao J, Yang M, Jing Y, Zhu Q, Feng J, Chen J. Actively targeting D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles as vesicles for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy of doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3100-3118. [PMID: 26785758 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is the major reason for therapeutic failure during cancer treatment. Chemo-photodynamic combination therapy has potential to improve the treatment efficiency in drug-resistant cancers, but is limited by the incompatible physical properties of the photosensitizer with a chemo-drug and poor accumulation of both drugs into the inner areas of the tumor. Herein, a novel drug delivery system was designed by incorporating the photosensitizer, chlorine 6, chemically in the shell and the chemo-drug, doxorubicin, physically in the core of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-poly(lactic acid) (TPGS-PLA) nanoparticles with a targeting ligand, tLyp-1 peptide, decorated over the surface (tLyp-1-NP). This nanoparticle with a high drug loading capacity of both the photosensitizer and chemo-drug is expected to realize chemo-photodynamic combination therapy of drug-resistant cancer and simultaneously achieve the specific deep penetration and accumulation of drugs into the inner areas of tumor. tLyp-1-NP was prepared via a nanoprecipitation method and it exhibited a uniformly spherical morphology with a size of approximately 130 nm. After appropriate irradiation, tLyp-1-NP showed high cellular uptake and strong cytotoxicity in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cells) and doxorubicin-resistant human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7/ADR cells) in vitro. After intravenous administration, compared with the unmodified NPs, tLyp-1-NP was found to have superior tumor targeting ability and more potent reversion of doxorubicin-resistant cancer. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and the hematoxylin and eosin staining of the treated tumors further demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of tLyp-1-NP in the presence of a laser. These observations collectively suggest the potential of tLyp-1-NP for the actively targeting chemo-photodynamic combination therapy of drug-resistant cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Doxorubicin/toxicity
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Drug Liberation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Micelles
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/ultrastructure
- Particle Size
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Photochemotherapy
- Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry
- Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use
- Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
- Porphyrins/chemistry
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Succinates/chemistry
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xingye Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Jianhui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Yixian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Jingxian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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11
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Yang M, Jiang D, Chen Z, Chen J. Photodynamic therapy of drug-resistant human colon adenocarcinoma using verteporfin-loaded TPGS nanoparticles with tumor homing and penetrating peptide functionalization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19152e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
tLyp-1-modified nanoparticles loaded with VP (t-NP) as a dual-targeting drug delivery systemviaNRP-1-mediated endocytosis and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Di Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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12
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Pawar A, Patel R, Arulmozhi S, Bothiraja C. d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate conjugated folic acid nanomicelles: towards enhanced bioavailability, stability, safety, prolonged drug release and synergized anticancer effect of plumbagin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB) loadedd-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) with folic acid (FOL) conjugated nanomicelles achieved controlled and targeted delivery with synergized anticancer potency and reduced PLB toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
| | - Rabiya Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
| | - S. Arulmozhi
- Department of Pharmacology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
| | - C. Bothiraja
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
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13
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Sobotka O, Drahota Z, Kučera O, Endlicher R, Rauchová H, Červinková Z. The effect of alpha-tocopheryl succinate on succinate respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S609-15. [PMID: 26674283 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the effect of alpha-tocopheryl succinate (TOS) on succinate-dependent respiration in rat liver mitochondria, homogenate and permeabilized hepatocytes in both a coupled and uncoupled state. In isolated mitochondria, a significant inhibitory effect was observed at a concentration of 5 microM, in liver homogenate at 25 microM and in permeabilized hepatocytes at 50 microM. The inhibitory effect of TOS on succinate respiration in an uncoupled state was less pronounced than in a coupled state in all the experimental models tested. When the concentration dependence of the TOS inhibitory effect was tested, the most sensitive in both states were isolated mitochondria; the most resistant were permeabilized hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sobotka
- Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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14
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Wang DF, Rong WT, Lu Y, Hou J, Qi SS, Xiao Q, Zhang J, You J, Yu SQ, Xu Q. TPGS2k/PLGA nanoparticles for overcoming multidrug resistance by interfering mitochondria of human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3888-3901. [PMID: 25644220 DOI: 10.1021/am508340m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully synthesized d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 2000 succinate (TPGS2k) and prepared TPGS2k-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (TPGS2k/PLGA NPs) loaded with 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), designated TPGS2k/PLGA/SN-38 NPs. Characterization measurements showed that TPGS2k/PLGA/SN-38 NPs displayed flat and spheroidal particles with diameters of 80-104 nm. SN-38 was encapsulated in TPGS2k emulsified PLGA NPs with the entrapment efficiency and loading rates of SN-38 83.6 and 7.85%, respectively. SN-38 could release constantly from TPGS2k/PLGA/SN-38 NPs in vitro. TPGS2k/PLGA/SN-38 NPs induced significantly higher cytotoxicity on A549 cells and the multidrug resistance (MDR) cell line (A549/DDP cells and A549/Taxol cells) compared with free SN-38. Further studies on the mechanism of the NPs in increasing the death of MDR cells showed that following the SN-38 releasing into cytoplasm the remaining TPGS2k/PLGA NPs could reverse the P-gp mediated MDR via interfering with the structure and function of mitochondria and rather than directly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of P-gp ATPase. Therefore, TPGS2k/PLGA NPs can reduce the generation of ATP and the release of energy for the requisite of P-gp efflux transporters. The results indicated that TPGS2k/PLGA NPs could become the nanopharmaceutical materials with the capability to reversal MDR and improve anticancer effects of some chemotherapy drugs as P-gp substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medicinal Materials and Applications, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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15
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Alferiev IS, Iyer R, Croucher JL, Adamo RF, Zhang K, Mangino JL, Kolla V, Fishbein I, Brodeur GM, Levy RJ, Chorny M. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of a rapidly activatable prodrug of SN-38 for neuroblastoma therapy. Biomaterials 2015; 51:22-29. [PMID: 25770994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine-based strategies have the potential to improve therapeutic performance of a wide range of anticancer agents. However, the successful implementation of nanoparticulate delivery systems requires the development of adequately sized nanocarriers delivering their therapeutic cargo to the target in a protected, pharmacologically active form. The present studies focused on a novel nanocarrier-based formulation strategy for SN-38, a topoisomerase I inhibitor with proven anticancer potential, whose clinical application is compromised by toxicity, poor stability and incompatibility with conventional delivery vehicles. SN-38 encapsulated in biodegradable sub-100 nm sized nanoparticles (NP) in the form of its rapidly activatable prodrug derivative with tocopherol succinate potently inhibited the growth of neuroblastoma cells in a dose- and exposure time-dependent manner, exhibiting a delayed response pattern distinct from that of free SN-38. In a xenograft model of neuroblastoma, prodrug-loaded NP caused rapid regression of established large tumors, significantly delayed tumor regrowth after treatment cessation and markedly extended animal survival. The NP formulation strategy enabled by a reversible chemical modification of the drug molecule offers a viable means for SN-38 delivery achieving sustained intratumoral drug levels and contributing to the potency and extended duration of antitumor activity, both prerequisites for effective treatment of neuroblastoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Alferiev
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jamie L Croucher
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard F Adamo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer L Mangino
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Venkatadri Kolla
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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16
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Li DW, He H, Lin BB, Xu ZQ, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Studies on the isolated mitochondrial damage induced by α-tocopheryl succinate and its interactions with human serum albumin. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Angulo-Molina A, Reyes-Leyva J, López-Malo A, Hernández J. The Role of Alpha Tocopheryl Succinate (α-TOS) as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:167-76. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.863367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mitochondrial targeting overcomes ABCA1-dependent resistance of lung carcinoma to α-tocopheryl succinate. Apoptosis 2013; 18:286-99. [PMID: 23299931 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) is a promising anti-cancer agent due to its selectivity for cancer cells. It is important to understand whether long-term exposure of tumour cells to the agent will render them resistant to the treatment. Exposure of the non-small cell lung carcinoma H1299 cells to escalating doses of α-TOS made them resistant to the agent due to the upregulation of the ABCA1 protein, which caused its efflux. Full susceptibility of the cells to α-TOS was restored by knocking down the ABCA1 protein. Similar resistance including ABCA1 gene upregulation was observed in the A549 lung cancer cells exposed to α-TOS. The resistance of the cells to α-TOS was overcome by its mitochondrially targeted analogue, MitoVES, that is taken up on the basis of the membrane potential, bypassing the enhanced expression of the ABCA1 protein. The in vitro results were replicated in mouse models of tumours derived from parental and resistant H1299 cells. We conclude that long-term exposure of cancer cells to α-TOS causes their resistance to the drug, which can be overcome by its mitochondrially targeted counterpart. This finding should be taken into consideration when planning clinical trials with vitamin E analogues.
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Ramsay EE, Hogg PJ, Dilda PJ. Mitochondrial metabolism inhibitors for cancer therapy. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2731-44. [PMID: 21918915 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells catabolise nutrients in a different way than healthy cells. Healthy cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation, while cancer cells employ aerobic glycolysis. Glucose is the main nutrient catabolised by healthy cells, while cancer cells often depend on catabolism of both glucose and glutamine. A key organelle involved in this altered metabolism is mitochondria. Mitochondria coordinate the catabolism of glucose and glutamine across the cancer cell. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells has potential for the treatment of this disease. Perhaps the most promising target is the hexokinase-voltage dependent anion channel-adenine nucleotide translocase complex that spans the outer- and inner-mitochondrial membranes. This complex links glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. This review discusses cancer cell mitochondrial metabolism and the small molecule inhibitors of this metabolism that are in pre-clinical or clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Ramsay
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Mi Y, Liu Y, Feng SS. Formulation of Docetaxel by folic acid-conjugated d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 2000 (Vitamin E TPGS(2k)) micelles for targeted and synergistic chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4058-66. [PMID: 21396707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although high efficacy has been showed, Paclitaxel and Docetaxel cause serious side effects due to the adjuvant used in their clinical formulation Taxol® and Taxotere®. We developed a micelle system with a newly synthesized TPGS(2k) polymer, which shows lower CMC of 0.0219 mg/ml compared with 0.2 mg/ml for traditional micelles with TPGS involved, to achieve sustained and controlled drug delivery with Docetaxel used as a model anti-cancer drug. The TPGS(2k) micelles were further conjugated to folic acid (FA) for targeted drug delivery. The Docetaxel-loaded TPGS(2k) micelles with and without FA conjugation were found of desired size and size distribution, high drug encapsulation efficiency and favorable drug release. In vitro studies using MCF-7 cancer cells demonstrated significantly the higher cellular uptake of the formulated drug for TPGS(2k) micelle formulation than that for Taxotere®. The targeting effects for the FA conjugated TPGS(2k) micelles are also demonstrated. The IC₅₀ value, which is the drug concentration needed for 50% cell viability in the designated time period, is 103.4, 1.280 and 0.1480 μg/ml for MCF-7 cancer cells after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment respectively, which is greatly decreased to be 0.526, 0.251 and 0.233 μg/ml, i.e. a 99.5%, 80.4% decrease and 57.5% increase for the TPGS(2k) micelle formulation, and further decreased to be 0.1780, 0.1520 and 0.1140 μg/ml, i.e. a 99.8%, 88.1% and 23.0% decrease for the folic acid conjugated micelles, respectively. A synergistic effect between TPGS(2k) and Docetaxel is also achieved. The present work represents a new concept in the design of drug delivery systems--the carrier materials of the drug delivery system can also have therapeutic effects, which either modulate the side effects of, or promote a synergistic interaction with the formulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E5, 02-11, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Why tocotrienols work better: insights into the in vitro anti-cancer mechanism of vitamin E. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:29-41. [PMID: 21505906 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective constraint of liver uptake and the sustained metabolism of tocotrienols (T3) demonstrate the need for a prompt detoxification of this class of lipophilic vitamers, and thus the potential for cytotoxic effects in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. Hypomethylated (γ and δ) forms of T3 show the highest in vitro and in vivo metabolism and are also the most potent natural xenobiotics of the entire vitamin E family of compounds. These stimulate a stress response with the induction of detoxification and antioxidant genes. Depending on the intensity of this response, these genes may confer cell protection or alternatively they stimulate a senescence-like phenotype with cell cycle inhibition or even mitochondrial toxicity and apoptosis. In cancer cells, the uptake rate and thus the cell content of these vitamers is again higher for the hypomethylated forms, and it is the critical factor that drives the dichotomy between protection and toxicity responses to different T3 forms and doses. These aspects suggest the potential for marked biological activity of hypomethylated "highly metabolized" T3 that may result in cytoprotection and cancer prevention or even chemotherapeutic effects. Cytotoxicity and metabolism of hypomethylated T3 have been extensively investigated in vitro using different cell model systems that will be discussed in this review paper as regard molecular mechanisms and possible relevance in cancer therapy.
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Augustyniak A, Bartosz G, Čipak A, Duburs G, Horáková L, Łuczaj W, Majekova M, Odysseos AD, Rackova L, Skrzydlewska E, Stefek M, Štrosová M, Tirzitis G, Venskutonis PR, Viskupicova J, Vraka PS, Žarković N. Natural and synthetic antioxidants: An updated overview. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1216-62. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.508495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Chen G, Wang F, Trachootham D, Huang P. Preferential killing of cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction by natural compounds. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:614-25. [PMID: 20713185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular metabolism, redox homeostasis, and regulation of cell death. Emerging evidences suggest that cancer cells exhibit various degrees of mitochondrial dysfunctions and metabolic alterations, which may serve as a basis to develop therapeutic strategies to preferentially kill the malignant cells. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment is gaining much attention in the recent years, and agents that impact mitochondria with anticancer activity have been identified and tested in vitro and in vivo using various experimental systems. Anticancer agents that directly target mitochondria or indirectly affect mitochondrial functions are collectively classified as mitocans. This review article focuses on several natural compounds that preferentially kill cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction, and discusses the possible underlying mechanisms and their therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. Mitocans that have been comprehensively reviewed recently are not included in this article. Important issues such as therapeutic selectivity and the relevant biochemical basis are discussed in the context of future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Abstract
Mitochondria are the cells' powerhouse, but also their suicidal weapon store. Dozens of lethal signal transduction pathways converge on mitochondria to cause the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, leading to the cytosolic release of pro-apoptotic proteins and to the impairment of the bioenergetic functions of mitochondria. The mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells is deregulated owing to the use of glycolytic intermediates, which are normally destined for oxidative phosphorylation, in anabolic reactions. Activation of the cell death machinery in cancer cells by inhibiting tumour-specific alterations of the mitochondrial metabolism or by stimulating mitochondrial membrane permeabilization could therefore be promising therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- University Children's Hospital, Ulm University, Eythstrasse 24, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Park D, Dilda PJ. Mitochondria as targets in angiogenesis inhibition. Mol Aspects Med 2010; 31:113-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Preclinical development of a bridging therapy for radiation casualties. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Abstract
Redox dysregulation originating from metabolic alterations and dependence on mitogenic and survival signaling through reactive oxygen species represents a specific vulnerability of malignant cells that can be selectively targeted by redox chemotherapeutics. This review will present an update on drug discovery, target identification, and mechanisms of action of experimental redox chemotherapeutics with a focus on pro- and antioxidant redox modulators now in advanced phases of preclinal and clinical development. Recent research indicates that numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes exert their functions in part through redox mechanisms amenable to pharmacological intervention by redox chemotherapeutics. The pleiotropic action of many redox chemotherapeutics that involves simultaneous modulation of multiple redox sensitive targets can overcome cancer cell drug resistance originating from redundancy of oncogenic signaling and rapid mutation.Moreover, some redox chemotherapeutics may function according to the concept of synthetic lethality (i.e., drug cytotoxicity is confined to cancer cells that display loss of function mutations in tumor suppressor genes or upregulation of oncogene expression). The impressive number of ongoing clinical trials that examine therapeutic performance of novel redox drugs in cancer patients demonstrates that redox chemotherapy has made the crucial transition from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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