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Whitmore M, Tobin I, Burkardt A, Zhang G. Nutritional Modulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis: A Novel Host-Directed Antimicrobial Therapeutic Strategy? Adv Nutr 2024:100277. [PMID: 39053604 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the imperative for innovative therapeutic strategies. Host defense peptides (HDPs), integral components of innate immunity, exhibit profound antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Various dietary compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, sugars, amino acids, phytochemicals, bile acids, probiotics, and prebiotics have been identified to enhance the synthesis of endogenous HDPs without provoking inflammatory response or compromising barrier integrity. Additionally, different classes of these compounds synergize in augmenting HDP synthesis and disease resistance. Moreover, dietary supplementation of several HDP-inducing compounds or their combinations have demonstrated robust protection in animals from experimental infections. However, the efficacy of these compounds in inducing HDP synthesis varies considerably among distinct compounds. Additionally, the regulation of HDP genes occurs in a gene-specific, cell type-specific, and species-specific manner. In this comprehensive review, we systematically summarized the modulation of HDP synthesis and the mechanism of action attributed to each major class of dietary compounds, including their synergistic combinations, across a spectrum of animal species including humans. We argue that the ability to enhance innate immunity and barrier function without triggering inflammation or microbial resistance positions the nutritional modulation of endogenous HDP synthesis as a promising host-directed approach for mitigating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These HDP-inducing compounds, particularly in combinations, harbor substantial clinical potential for further exploration in antimicrobial therapies for both human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Amanda Burkardt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
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Laue C, Papazova E, Pannenbeckers A, Schrezenmeir J. Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3039. [PMID: 37447365 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
L. fermentum strains K7-Lb1, K8-Lb1 and K11-Lb3 were found to suppress Th1 and Th2 response and to enhance defensin release by enterocytes, respectively. Based on these anti-inflammatory actions, we investigated the effect of these strains on traits of metabolic syndrome, which is driven by low-grade inflammation. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial with three parallel arms, 180 individuals with abdominal overweight were administered for 3 months with (1) placebo; (2) probiotic, comprising L. fermentum strains; or (3) synbiotic, comprising the strains + acacia gum (10 g daily). The effects were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks and post hoc tests (Holm-Sidak and Dunn's tests). The alteration (∆) in body fat mass (kg) (primary parameter) during intervention was significantly (p = 0.039) more pronounced in the Probiotic group (-0.61 ± 1.94; mean ± SD) compared with the Placebo group (+0.13 ± 1.64). Accordingly, differences were found in ∆ body weight (p = 0.012), BMI (p = 0.011), waist circumference (p = 0.03), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.033), visceral adipose tissue (SAD) (p < 0.001) and liver steatosis grade (LSG) (p < 0.001), as assessed using sonography. In the Synbiotic group, ∆SAD (p = 0.002), ∆LSG (p < 0.001) and ∆constipation score (p = 0.009) were improved compared with Placebo. The probiotic mixture and the synbiotic improved the parameters associated with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Laue
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, Schauenburgstraße 116, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Papazova
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, Schauenburgstraße 116, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Angelika Pannenbeckers
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, Schauenburgstraße 116, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, Schauenburgstraße 116, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- University Medicine, Johannes-Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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De Giani A, Sandionigi A, Zampolli J, Michelotti A, Tursi F, Labra M, Di Gennaro P. Effects of Inulin-Based Prebiotics Alone or in Combination with Probiotics on Human Gut Microbiota and Markers of Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061256. [PMID: 35744774 PMCID: PMC9229734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is implicated in diverse interactions affecting human health. The present study reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted by administering a new synbiotic formulation composed of two Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum and L. acidophilus) and one Bifidobacterium strain (B. animalis subsp. lactis) and two types of fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3–5 and inulin-type fructans with 10 DP). The effects of this synbiotic were evaluated on healthy subjects for 28 days and the maintenance of its efficacy was evaluated at the end of a follow-up period of 28 days. The synbiotic treatment contributes to higher biodiversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the community richness with respect to the group with the prebiotics alone and the placebo group. Its positive effect is also reflected in the variation of microbial community structure favoring the beneficial short-chain fatty acids bacterial producers. The amelioration of the health status of the subjects was also established by the reduction of common infectious disease symptom incidence, the stimulation of the gut immune system showing a noteworthy variation of fecal β-defensin2 and calprotectin levels, and the modulation of the response of the respiratory tract’s immune system by salivary IgA as well as total antioxidant capacity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Giani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Jessica Zampolli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Michelotti
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, PV, Italy; (A.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Tursi
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, PV, Italy; (A.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264482949; Fax: +39-0264483450
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Study on the additive protective effect of PGLYRP3 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 on severity of DSS-induced colitis in Pglyrp3 knockout (Pglyrp3 -/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152028. [PMID: 33242664 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pglyrp3 is a bactericidal innate immunity protein known to sustain the habitual gut microbiome and protect against experimental colitis. Intestinal inflammation and metaflammation are commonly associated with a marked reduction of commensal bifidobacteria. Whether Pglyrp3 and bifidobacteria interact synergistically or additively to alleviate metaflammation is unknown. We investigated the extent to which Pglyrp3 and bifidobacteria regulate metaflammation and gut bacterial dysbiosis in DSS-induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation. MATERIAL & METHODS 8-10 weeks old male mice were used. In both WT and Pglyrp3 -/- experiments, the mice were randomly divided into three groups of 16 mice per group: (1) a control group receiving sterile tap water, (2) an experimental group receiving sterile tap water supplemented with only 5% DSS, and (3) an experimental group receiving sterile tap water supplemented with 5% DSS and 1 × 109 CFU/ml of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B.a.) for 7 days. Wild-type (WT) littermates of the respective gene (i.e. Pglyrp3) were used as controls throughout the study. Clinical signs of general health and inflammation were monitored daily. Faecal pellet samples were analysed by qRT-PCR for microbial composition. Histology of relevant organs was carried out on day 8. Metabolic parameters and liver inflammation were determined in serum samples. RESULTS Intestinal inflammation in mice of group 2 were significantly increased compared to those of control group 1. There was a significant difference in mean scores for inflammation severity between DSS-treated WT and DSS-treated Pglyrp3 -/- mice. Buildup of key serum metabolic markers (cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose) was set off by colonic inflammation. qRT-PCR quantification showed that DSS significantly decreased the Clostridium coccoides and Bifidobacterium cell counts while increasing those of Bacteroides group in both WT and Pglyrp3 -/- mice. These manifestations of DSS-induced dysbiosis were significantly attenuated by feeding B.a. Both the local and systemic ill-being of the mice alleviated when they received B.a. DISCUSSION This study shows that Pglyrp3 facilitates recognition of bifidobacterial cell wall-derived peptidoglycan, thus leading additively to a reduction of metaflammation through an increase in the number of bifidobacteria, which were able to mitigate intestinal immunopathology in the context of Pglyrp3 blockade.
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Ghadimi D, Yoness Hassan MF, Fölster-Holst R, Röcken C, Ebsen M, de Vrese M, Heller KJ. Regulation of hepcidin/iron-signalling pathway interactions by commensal bifidobateria plays an important role for the inhibition of metaflammation-related biomarkers. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jia Y, Si W, Hong Z, Qu M, Zhu N, Liu S, Li G. Toll-like receptor 2-mediated induction of avian β-defensin 9 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its cellular components in chicken intestinal epithelial cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1593325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Jia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Hong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianhua Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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The Lactobacillus plantarum Eno A1 Enolase Is Involved in Immunostimulation of Caco-2 Cells and in Biofilm Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 897:33-44. [PMID: 26577529 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases is now well assessed. The presence of adhesive molecules on the cell surface of probiotics has been related to the ability to confer health benefit to the host. We have previously shown that the enolase EnoA1 of Lactobacillus plantarum, one of the most predominant species in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals, is cell surface-expressed and is involved in binding with human fibronectin and plasminogen. By means of comparative analysis between L. plantarum LM3 (wild type) and its isogenic LM3-CC1 (ΔenoA1) mutant strain, here we show that EnoA1 affects the ability of this bacterium to modulate immune response as determined by analysis of expression of immune system molecules in Caco-2 cells. Indeed, we observed induction of TLR2 expression in cells exposed to L. plantarum LM3, while no induction was detectable in cells exposed to LM3-CC1. This difference was much less consistent when expression of TLR4 was determined in cells exposed to the two strains. Pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), and the antimicrobial peptide HBD-2 were induced in Caco-2 cells exposed to L. plantarum LM3, while lower levels of induction were detected in cells exposed to LM3-CC1. We also analyzed the ability to develop biofilm of the two strains, and observed a decrease of about 65 % in the development of mature biofilm in LM3-CC1 compared to the wild type.
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Molecular identification of potential Th1/Th2 responses-modulating bacterial genes using suppression subtractive DNA hybridization. Immunobiology 2014; 219:208-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Moro-García MA, Alonso-Arias R, Baltadjieva M, Fernández Benítez C, Fernández Barrial MA, Díaz Ruisánchez E, Alonso Santos R, Álvarez Sánchez M, Saavedra Miján J, López-Larrea C. Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8481 enhances systemic immunity in elderly subjects. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1311-26. [PMID: 22645023 PMCID: PMC3705123 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Throughout life, there is an aging of the immune system that causes impairment of its defense capability. Prevention or delay of this deterioration is considered crucial to maintain general health and increase longevity. We evaluated whether dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8481 could enhance the immune response in the elderly. This multi-center, double-blind, and placebo controlled study enrolled 61 elderly volunteers who were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or probiotics. Each capsule of probiotics contained at least 3 × 10(7) L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8481. Individuals in the study were administered three capsules per day for 6 months. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (time 0), end of month 3, and month 6. We characterized cell subpopulations, measured cytokines by flow cytometry, quantified T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and determined human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) concentrations and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Elderly responded to the intake of probiotic with an increase in the percentage of NK cells, an improvement in the parameters defining the immune risk profile (IRP), and an increase in the T cell subsets that are less differentiated. The probiotic group also showed decreased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 but increased antimicrobial peptide hBD-2. These effects disappeared within 6 months of stopping the probiotic intake. Immunomodulation induced by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8481 could favor the maintenance of an adequate immune response, mainly by slowing the aging of the T cell subpopulations and increasing the number of immature T cells which are potential responders to new antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- />Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Baltadjieva
- />LB Lactis (Scientific-Applied Laboratory for Starter Cultures and Probiotic Products), 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos López-Larrea
- />Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- />Fundación Renal “Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo”, Madrid, Spain
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Kabeerdoss J, Devi RS, Mary RR, Prabhavathi D, Vidya R, Mechenro J, Mahendri NV, Pugazhendhi S, Ramakrishna BS. Effect of yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12® on faecal excretion of secretory immunoglobulin A and human beta-defensin 2 in healthy adult volunteers. Nutr J 2011; 10:138. [PMID: 22196482 PMCID: PMC3265429 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are used to provide health benefits. The present study tested the effect of a probiotic yoghurt on faecal output of beta-defensin and immunoglobulin A in a group of young healthy women eating a defined diet. FINDINGS 26 women aged 18-21 (median 19) years residing in a hostel were given 200 ml normal yoghurt every day for a week, followed by probiotic yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12® (10⁹ in 200 ml) for three weeks, followed again by normal yoghurt for four weeks. Stool samples were collected at 0, 4 and 8 weeks and assayed for immunoglobulin A and human beta-defensin-2 by ELISA. All participants tolerated both normal and probiotic yoghurt well. Human beta-defensin-2 levels in faeces were not altered during the course of the study. On the other hand, compared to the basal sample, faecal IgA increased during probiotic feeding (P = 0.0184) and returned to normal after cessation of probiotic yoghurt intake. CONCLUSIONS Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12® increased secretory IgA output in faeces. This property may explain the ability of probiotics to prevent gastrointestinal and lower respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakanthan Kabeerdoss
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences & Dietary Services, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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