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Pagliari S, Domínguez‐Rodríguez G, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Labra M, Campone L. Pressurized liquid extraction of glucosinolates from Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz by-products: Process optimization and biological activities of green extract. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101324. [PMID: 38590634 PMCID: PMC10999800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is rapidly increasing due to oil production resulting in a substantial volume of by-products, which still have an interesting composition in secondary metabolites, especially glucosinolates. Therefore, a green extraction procedure of glucosinolates by Pressurised Liquid Extraction was developed and optimized using a chemometric approach. Furthermore, the glucosinolates were purified by solid phase extraction, and a preliminary study on bioaccessibility and bioavailability study was carried out to evaluate the resistance of the glucosinolates to the digestive process. The application of pressurised liquid extraction to the recovery of glucosinolates from camelina sativa by-product, is a green, automatic, and rapid method, representing a valid alternative to conventional extraction method to obtain ingredients for food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Domínguez‐Rodríguez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Pioltelli E, Guzzetti L, Larbi MO, Celano R, Piccinelli AL, Galimberti A, Biella P, Labra M. Land use influences the nutrient concentration and composition of pollen and nectar rewards of wildflowers in human-dominated landscapes. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168130. [PMID: 37907100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant biodiversity is crucial to satisfy the trophic needs of pollinators, mainly through nectar and pollen rewards. However, a few studies have been directed to ascertain the intraspecific variation of chemical features and the nutritional value of nectar and pollen floral rewards in relation to the alteration of landscapes due to human activities. In this study, by using an existing scenario of land use gradients as an open air laboratory, we tested the variation in pollen and nectar nutrient profiles along gradients of urbanization and agriculture intensity, by focusing on sugar, aminoacids of nectar and phytochemicals of pollen from local wild plants. We also highlighted bioactive compounds from plants primary and secondary metabolism due to their importance for insect wellbeing and pollinator health. We surveyed 7 different meadow species foraged by pollinators and common in the main land uses studied. The results indicated that significant variations of nutritional components occur in relation to different land uses, and specifically that the agricultural intensification decreases the sugars and increases the antioxidant content of flower rewards, while the urbanization is positively associated with the total flavonoid content in pollen. These effects are more evident in some species than in others, such as Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae) and Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), as shown by the untargeted metabolomic investigation. This study is crucial for understanding the nutritional landscape quality for pollinators in association to different land uses and sets a base for landscape management and planning of pollinator-friendly strategies by improving the quality of plant rewards to provide benefits to pollinator health in various environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Pioltelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Malika Ouled Larbi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Paolo Biella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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Tommasi N, Biella P, Maggioni D, Fallati L, Agostinetto G, Labra M, Galli P, Galimberti A. DNA metabarcoding unveils the effects of habitat fragmentation on pollinator diversity, plant-pollinator interactions, and pollination efficiency in Maldive islands. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6394-6404. [PMID: 35651283 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation affects biodiversity, but with unclear effects on pollinators and their interactions with plants in anthropized landscapes. Islands could serve as open air laboratories, suitable to disentangle how land-use alteration impacts pollination ecology. In Maldive islands we investigated how pollinator richness, plant-pollinator interactions and pollination efficiency are influenced by the green area fragmentation (i.e., gardens and semi-natural patches). Moreover, we considered the mediating role of pollinator body size and the plant trait of being invasive in shaping interactions. To do this, we surveyed pollinator insects from 11 islands representing a gradient of green area fragmentation. A DNA metabarcoding approach was adopted to identify the pollen transported by pollinators and characterize the plant-pollinator interactions. We found that intermediate levels of green area fragmentation characterized pollinator communities and increased their species richness, while decreasing interaction network complexity. Invasive plants were more frequently found on pollinator bodies than native or exotic noninvasive ones, indicating a concerningly higher potential for pollen dispersal and reproduction of the former ones. Intriguingly, pollinator body size mediated the effect of landscape alteration on interactions, as only the largest bees expanded the foraging diet in terms of plant richness in the transported pollen at increasing fragmentation. In parallel, the pollination efficiency increased with pollinator species richness in two sentinel plants. This study shows that moderate landscape fragmentation of green areas shapes many aspects of the pollination ecosystem service, where despite interactions being less complex and mediated by pollinator body size, pollinator insect biodiversity and potential plant reproduction are supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tommasi
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Biella
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - Luca Fallati
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - Giulia Agostinetto
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Galli
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Pioltelli E, Sartirana C, Copetta A, Brioschi M, Labra M, Guzzetti L. Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Leaves as a Source of Phytochemicals of Dietary Interest: Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Assessment of Traditional Consumer Habits. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300797. [PMID: 37751377 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. is an African crop spread worldwide mainly for pulses production. Despite being a neglected and under-utilized food, cowpea leaves are a rich source of phytochemicals and micronutrients. The aim of the work is to characterize the phytochemical composition of cowpea leaves by an optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and to compare raw and boiled leaves. A three-level factorial design (Box-Behnken) was employed for the optimization of the USAE considering three different parameters (% ethanol, drug-to-solvent ratio, and number of cycles). The optimized extracts were characterized by LC/MS/MS. Finally, leaves were boiled at 100 °C for 30 min to simulate traditional cooking procedures and compared to raw leaves. The best extraction condition was EtOH/H2 O 1 : 2 v/v, drug to solvent ratio 1 : 47 w/v, and 3 extraction cycles. The phytochemicals identified mainly belong to the family of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Boiled leaves revealed a significant loss of most phytochemicals and a net decrease of their antioxidant activity compared to the raw ones. The results highlight the potential nutraceutical value of cowpea leaves whilst the impoverishment triggered by traditional consumer habits pushes the need to evaluate alternative cooking procedures helpful in the maintenance of their phytochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pioltelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, U3 Building, 20126, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - C Sartirana
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, U3 Building, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - A Copetta
- CREA Research Center for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 18038, Sanremo (IM), Italy
| | - M Brioschi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, U3 Building, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - M Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, U3 Building, 20126, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - L Guzzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, U3 Building, 20126, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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Bruno A, Sandionigi A, Panio A, Rimoldi S, Orizio F, Agostinetto G, Hasan I, Gasco L, Terova G, Labra M. Aquaculture ecosystem microbiome at the water-fish interface: the case-study of rainbow trout fed with Tenebrio molitor novel diets. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:248. [PMID: 37674159 PMCID: PMC10481543 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable aquaculture relies on multiple factors, including water quality, fish diets, and farmed fish. Replacing fishmeal (FM) with alternative protein sources is key for improving sustainability in aquaculture and promoting fish health. Indeed, great research efforts have been made to evaluate novel feed formulations, focusing especially on the effects on the fish gut microbiome. Few studies have explored host-environment interactions. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of novel insect-based (Tenebrio molitor) fish diets on the microbiome at the water-fish interface in an engineered rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming ecosystem. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we comprehensively analyzed the microbiomes of water, tank biofilm, fish intestinal mucus, fish cutis, and feed samples. RESULTS Core microbiome analysis revealed the presence of a highly reduced core shared by all sample sources, constituted by Aeromonas spp., in both the control and novel feed test groups. Network analysis showed that samples were clustered based on the sample source, with no significant differences related to the feed formulation tested. Thus, the different diets did not seem to affect the environment (water and tank biofilm) and fish (cutis and intestinal mucus) microbiomes. To disentangle the contribution of feed at a finer scale, we performed a differential abundance analysis and observed differential enrichment/impoverishment in specific taxa, comparing the samples belonging to the control diet group and the insect-based diet group. CONCLUSIONS Omic exploration of the water-fish interface exposes patterns that are otherwise undetected. These data demonstrate a link between the environment and fish and show that subtle but significant differences are caused by feed composition. Thus, the research presented here is a step towards positively influencing the aquaculture environment and its microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Bruno
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnology and Biosciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Antonella Panio
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavio Orizio
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnology and Biosciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Agostinetto
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnology and Biosciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Imam Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnology and Biosciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Gorini T, Mezzasalma V, Deligia M, De Mattia F, Campone L, Labra M, Frigerio J. Check Your Shopping Cart: DNA Barcoding and Mini-Barcoding for Food Authentication. Foods 2023; 12:2392. [PMID: 37372604 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular approach of DNA barcoding for the characterization and traceability of food products has come into common use in many European countries. However, it is important to address and solve technical and scientific issues such as the efficiency of the barcode sequences and DNA extraction methods to be able to analyze all the products that the food sector offers. The goal of this study is to collect the most defrauded and common food products and identify better workflows for species identification. A total of 212 specimens were collected in collaboration with 38 companies belonging to 5 different fields: seafood, botanicals, agrifood, spices, and probiotics. For all the typologies of specimens, the most suitable workflow was defined, and three species-specific primer pairs for fish were also designed. Results showed that 21.2% of the analyzed products were defrauded. A total of 88.2% of specimens were correctly identified by DNA barcoding analysis. Botanicals (28.8%) have the highest number of non-conformances, followed by spices (28.5%), agrifood (23.5%), seafood (11.4%), and probiotics (7.7%). DNA barcoding and mini-barcoding are confirmed as fast and reliable methods for ensuring quality and safety in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gorini
- FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marta Deligia
- Department of Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Frigerio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Guidi Nissim W, Castiglione S, Guarino F, Pastore MC, Labra M. Beyond Cleansing: Ecosystem Services Related to Phytoremediation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1031. [PMID: 36903892 PMCID: PMC10005053 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytotechnologies used for cleaning up urban and suburban polluted soils (i.e., brownfields) have shown some weakness in the excessive extent of the timeframe required for them to be effectively operating. This bottleneck is due to technical constraints, mainly related to both the nature of the pollutant itself (e.g., low bio-availability, high recalcitrance, etc.) and the plant (e.g., low pollution tolerance, low pollutant uptake rates, etc.). Despite the great efforts made in the last few decades to overcome these limitations, the technology is in many cases barely competitive compared with conventional remediation techniques. Here, we propose a new outlook on phytoremediation, where the main goal of decontaminating should be re-evaluated, considering additional ecosystem services (ESs) related to the establishment of a new vegetation cover on the site. The aim of this review is to raise awareness and stress the knowledge gap on the importance of ES associated with this technique, which can make phytoremediation a valuable tool to boost an actual green transition process in planning urban green spaces, thereby offering improved resilience to global climate change and a higher quality of life in cities. This review highlights that the reclamation of urban brownfields through phytoremediation may provide several regulating (i.e., urban hydrology, heat mitigation, noise reduction, biodiversity, and CO2 sequestration), provisional (i.e., bioenergy and added-value chemicals), and cultural (i.e., aesthetic, social cohesion, and health) ESs. Although future research should specifically be addressed to better support these findings, acknowledging ES is crucial for an exhaustive evaluation of phytoremediation as a sustainable and resilient technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II n◦ 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II n◦ 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pastore
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Via Bonardi 3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Cannavacciuolo C, Pagliari S, Giustra CM, Carabetta S, Guidi Nissim W, Russo M, Branduardi P, Labra M, Campone L. LC-MS and GC-MS Data Fusion Metabolomics Profiling Coupled with Multivariate Analysis for the Discrimination of Different Parts of Faustrime Fruit and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030565. [PMID: 36978813 PMCID: PMC10045819 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The comparative chemical composition of different part of Faustrime fruits (peels, pulp, albedo, and seeds) extracted with different solvents was determined by GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS QTof. The obtained data were also combined for their in vitro antioxidant activity by multivariate analysis to define a complex fingerprint of the fruit. The principal component analysis model showed the significative occurrence of volatile organic compounds as α-bisabolol and α-trans-bergamotol in the pulp and albedo, hexanoic acid in the seeds, and several coumarins and phenolics in the peels. The higher radical scavenging activity of the pulp was related to the incidence of citric acid in partial least square regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Giustra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell'Università, 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell'Università, 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Pagliari S, Forcella M, Lonati E, Sacco G, Romaniello F, Rovellini P, Fusi P, Palestini P, Campone L, Labra M, Bulbarelli A, Bruni I. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Bark Extract after In Vitro Digestion Simulation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030452. [PMID: 36765979 PMCID: PMC9914695 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon bark is widely used for its organoleptic features in the food context and growing evidence supports its beneficial effect on human health. The market offers an increasingly wide range of food products and supplements enriched with cinnamon extracts which are eliciting beneficial and health-promoting properties. Specifically, the extract of Cinnamomum spp. is rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer biomolecules. These include widely reported cinnamic acid and some phenolic compounds, such asproanthocyanidins A and B, and kaempferol. These molecules are sensitive to physical-chemical properties (such as pH and temperature) and biological agents that act during gastric digestion, which could impair molecules' bioactivity. Therefore, in this study, the cinnamon's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity after simulated digestion was evaluated by analyzing the chemical profile of the pure extract and digested one, as well as the cellular effect in vitro models, such as Caco2 and intestinal barrier. The results showed that the digestive process reduces the total content of polyphenols, especially tannins, while preserving other bioactive compounds such as cinnamic acid. At the functional level, the digested extract maintains an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Romaniello
- Innovhub Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria S.r.l., Via Giuseppe Colombo 79, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangela Rovellini
- Innovhub Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria S.r.l., Via Giuseppe Colombo 79, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (I.B.)
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10
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Scaccabarozzi D, Lunau K, Guzzetti L, Cozzolino S, Dyer AG, Tommasi N, Biella P, Galimberti A, Labra M, Bruni I, Pattarini G, Brundrett M, Gagliano M. Mimicking orchids lure bees from afar with exaggerated ultraviolet signals. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9759. [PMID: 36726874 PMCID: PMC9884568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers have many traits to appeal to pollinators, including ultraviolet (UV) absorbing markings, which are well-known for attracting bees at close proximity (e.g., <1 m). While striking UV signals have been thought to attract pollinators also from far away, if these signals impact the plant pollinia removal over distance remains unknown. Here, we report the case of the Australian orchid Diuris brumalis, a nonrewarding species, pollinated by bees via mimicry of the rewarding pea plant Daviesia decurrens. When distant from the pea plant, Diuris was hypothesized to enhance pollinator attraction by exaggeratedly mimicking the floral ultraviolet (UV) reflecting patterns of its model. By experimentally modulating floral UV reflectance with a UV screening solution, we quantified the orchid pollinia removal at a variable distance from the model pea plants. We demonstrate that the deceptive orchid Diuris attracts bee pollinators by emphasizing the visual stimuli, which mimic the floral UV signaling of the rewarding model Daviesia. Moreover, the exaggerated UV reflectance of Diuris flowers impacted pollinators' visitation at an optimal distance from Da. decurrens, and the effect decreased when orchids were too close or too far away from the model. Our findings support the hypothesis that salient UV flower signaling plays a functional role in visual floral mimicry, likely exploiting perceptual gaps in bee neural coding, and mediates the plant pollinia removal at much greater spatial scales than previously expected. The ruse works most effectively at an optimal distance of several meters revealing the importance of salient visual stimuli when mimicry is imperfect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scaccabarozzi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Klaus Lunau
- Institute of Sensory EcologyHeinrich‐Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e BioscienzeUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | | | - Adrian G. Dyer
- Bio‐Inspired Digital Sensing Lab, School of Media and CommunicationRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e BioscienzeUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Biella
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e BioscienzeUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e BioscienzeUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e BioscienzeUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e BioscienzeUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Giorgio Pattarini
- Department of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway
| | - Mark Brundrett
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Monica Gagliano
- Biological Intelligence (BI) Lab, Faculty of Sciences & EngineeringSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Environment Institute (SEI)The University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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11
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Frigerio J, Gorini T, Palumbo C, De Mattia F, Labra M, Mezzasalma V. A Fast and Simple DNA Mini-barcoding and RPA Assay Coupled with Lateral Flow Assay for Fresh and Canned Mackerel Authentication. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023; 16:426-435. [PMID: 36530851 PMCID: PMC9734502 DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, food authentication is more and more required given its relevance in terms of quality and safety. The seafood market is heavily affected by mislabelling and fraudulent substitutions/adulterations, especially for processed food products such as canned food items, due to the loss of morphological features. This study aims to develop new assays based on DNA to identify fresh mackerel (Scomber spp.) and commercial products. A new primer pair was de novo designed on the 5S rRNA gene and non-transcribed spacer (NTS), identifying a DNA mini-barcoding region suitable for species identification of processed commercial products. Moreover, to offer a fast and low-cost analysis, a new assay based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed for the identification of fresh 'Sgombro' (Scomber scombrus) and 'Lanzardo o Occhione' (Scomber japonicus and Scomber colias), coupled with the lateral flow visualisation for the most expensive species (Scomber scombrus) identification. This innovative portable assay has great potential for supply chain traceability in the seafood market. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12161-022-02429-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frigerio
- FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Gorini
- FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cassandra Palumbo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milan, Italy
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12
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Cannavacciuolo C, Pagliari S, Frigerio J, Giustra CM, Labra M, Campone L. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) Combined with Sustainable Extraction Techniques: A Review of the Green Chemistry Approach in Food Analysis. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010056. [PMID: 36613272 PMCID: PMC9818194 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Usual extraction processes for analyzing foods, supplements, and nutraceutical products involve massive amounts of organic solvents contributing to a negative impact on the environment and human health. In recent years, a new class of green solvents called natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been considered a valid alternative to conventional solvents. Compared with conventional organic solvents, NADES have attracted considerable attention since they are sustainable, biodegradable, and non-toxic but also are easy to prepare, and have low production costs. Here we summarize the major aspects of NADEs such as the classification, preparation method physicochemical properties, and toxicity. Moreover, we provide an overview of novel extraction techniques using NADES as potential extractants of bioactive compounds from foods and food by-products, and application of NADEs in food analysis. This review aims to be useful for the further development of NAES and for broadening the knowledge of these new green solvents in order to increase their use for the extraction of bioactive compounds and in food analysis.
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13
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Pagliari S, Celano R, Rastrelli L, Sacco E, Arlati F, Labra M, Campone L. Extraction of methylxanthines by pressurized hot water extraction from cocoa shell by-product as natural source of functional ingredient. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Pagliari S, Cannavacciuolo C, Celano R, Carabetta S, Russo M, Labra M, Campone L. Valorisation, Green Extraction Development, and Metabolomic Analysis of Wild Artichoke By-Product Using Pressurised Liquid Extraction UPLC-HRMS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:7157. [PMID: 36363983 PMCID: PMC9656714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorisation of food by-products has recently attracted considerable attention due to the opportunities to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the food production chain. Large quantities of non-edible parts of the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) comprising leaves, stems, roots, bracts, and seeds are discarded annually during industrial processing. These by-products contain many phytochemicals such as dietary fibres, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, whereby the most challenging issue concerns about the recovery of high-added value components from these by-products. The aim of this work is to develop a novel valorisation strategy for the sustainable utilisation of artichoke leaves' waste, combining green pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE), spectrophotometric assays and UPLC-HRMS phytochemical characterization, to obtain bioactive-rich extract with high antioxidant capacity. Multivariate analysis of the major selected metabolites was used to compare different solvent extraction used in PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paola II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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15
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Mastella L, Senatore VG, Guzzetti L, Coppolino M, Campone L, Labra M, Beltrani T, Branduardi P. First report on Vitamin B9 production including quantitative analysis of its vitamers in the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis. Biotechnol Biofuels 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 36123695 PMCID: PMC9487109 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The demand for naturally derived products is continuously growing. Nutraceuticals such as pre- and post-biotics, antioxidants and vitamins are prominent examples in this scenario, but many of them are mainly produced by chemical synthesis. The global folate market is expected to register a CAGR of 5.3% from 2019 to 2024 and reach USD 1.02 billion by the end of 2024. Vitamin B9, commonly known as folate, is an essential micronutrient for humans. Acting as a cofactor in one-carbon transfer reactions, it is involved in many biochemical pathways, among which the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. In addition to plants, many microorganisms can naturally produce it, and this can pave the way for establishing production processes. In this work, we explored the use of Scheffersomyces stipitis for the production of natural vitamin B9 by microbial fermentation as a sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis.
Results
Glucose and xylose are the main sugars released during the pretreatment and hydrolysis processes of several residual lignocellulosic biomasses (such as corn stover, wheat straw or bagasse). We optimized the growth conditions in minimal medium formulated with these sugars and investigated the key role of oxygenation and nitrogen source on folate production. Vitamin B9 production was first assessed in shake flasks and then in bioreactor, obtaining a folate production up to 3.7 ± 0.07 mg/L, which to date is the highest found in literature when considering wild type microorganisms. Moreover, the production of folate was almost entirely shifted toward reduced vitamers, which are those metabolically active for humans.
Conclusions
For the first time, the non-Saccharomyces yeast S. stipitis was used to produce folate. The results confirm its potential as a microbial cell factory for folate production, which can be also improved both by genetic engineering strategies and by fine-tuning the fermentation conditions and nutrient requirements.
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16
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Pagliari S, Giustra CM, Magoni C, Celano R, Fusi P, Forcella M, Sacco G, Panzeri D, Campone L, Labra M. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of naturally occurring glucosinolates from by-products of Camelina sativa L. and their effect on human colorectal cancer cell line. Front Nutr 2022; 9:901944. [PMID: 35938110 PMCID: PMC9355136 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.901944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The food waste generated by small and medium agro-industrial enterprises requires appropriate management and valorization in order to decrease environmental problems and recover high-value products, respectively. In this study, the Camelina sativa seed by-product was used as a source of glucosinolates. To begin, the chemical profile of the extract obtained using an international organization for standardization (ISO) procedure was determined by UPLC-HRMS/MS analysis. In addition, an extraction method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed as an alternative and green method to recover glucosinolates. Main parameters that affect extraction efficiency were optimized using a response surface design. Under optimized conditions, the extract showed an improvement in extraction yield with a reduction in organic solvent amount compared to those obtained using the ISO procedure. Finally, the extract obtained with the ultrasound-assisted method was purified, tested on human colorectal cancer cell lines, and showed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Giustra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Magoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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17
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Zanatta F, Mari S, Adorni R, Labra M, Matacena R, Zenga M, D’Addario M. The Role of Selected Psychological Factors in Healthy-Sustainable Food Consumption Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131944. [PMID: 35804759 PMCID: PMC9265338 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent precautions and dispositions adopted have triggered substantial changes in daily health-related behaviors, including food consumption habits. The psychological impact of the pandemic has been considered one of the factors affecting this transition and requiring consideration when targeting healthy-sustainable behavior preservation. The present study describes the results of a survey conducted on a convenience sample of Italian residents (n = 2272) during the first phases of pandemic. The aim was to explore the daily nutritional choices and behaviors and their transformations that occurred along with the associations with psychological factors (i.e., subjective well-being, and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms). An indicator for healthy-sustainable transition (HST index) was constructed and revealed diffused transformation in dietary habits, with a large segment of the sample adopting healthier and more sustainable dietary behaviors and others showing reduced healthy-sustainable food choices. Informative relationships with the psychological variables were then found from the correlational and regression analyses. Lower levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptomatology and higher perceived subjective well-being were significantly associated with healthier-sustainable food consumption behaviors. These findings shed light on the crucial areas to be considered in future institutional interventions, ultimately ensuring favorable conditions for both healthy diet behaviors and sustainable food consumption choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zanatta
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Mari
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
- BEST4Food-Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Labra
- BEST4Food-Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (R.M.)
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Matacena
- BEST4Food-Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Mariangela Zenga
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco D’Addario
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
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18
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De Giani A, Sandionigi A, Zampolli J, Michelotti A, Tursi F, Labra M, Di Gennaro P. Effects of Inulin-Based Prebiotics Alone or in Combination with Probiotics on Human Gut Microbiota and Markers of Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061256. [PMID: 35744774 PMCID: PMC9229734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is implicated in diverse interactions affecting human health. The present study reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted by administering a new synbiotic formulation composed of two Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum and L. acidophilus) and one Bifidobacterium strain (B. animalis subsp. lactis) and two types of fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3–5 and inulin-type fructans with 10 DP). The effects of this synbiotic were evaluated on healthy subjects for 28 days and the maintenance of its efficacy was evaluated at the end of a follow-up period of 28 days. The synbiotic treatment contributes to higher biodiversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the community richness with respect to the group with the prebiotics alone and the placebo group. Its positive effect is also reflected in the variation of microbial community structure favoring the beneficial short-chain fatty acids bacterial producers. The amelioration of the health status of the subjects was also established by the reduction of common infectious disease symptom incidence, the stimulation of the gut immune system showing a noteworthy variation of fecal β-defensin2 and calprotectin levels, and the modulation of the response of the respiratory tract’s immune system by salivary IgA as well as total antioxidant capacity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Giani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Jessica Zampolli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Michelotti
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, PV, Italy; (A.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Tursi
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, PV, Italy; (A.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264482949; Fax: +39-0264483450
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19
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Agostinetto G, Bozzi D, Porro D, Casiraghi M, Labra M, Bruno A. SKIOME Project: a curated collection of skin microbiome datasets enriched with study-related metadata. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6586378. [PMID: 35576001 PMCID: PMC9216470 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of data from microbiome-related studies have been (and are currently being) deposited on international public databases. These datasets represent a valuable resource for the microbiome research community and could serve future researchers interested in integrating multiple datasets into powerful meta-analyses. However, this huge amount of data lacks harmonization and it is far from being completely exploited in its full potential to build a foundation that places microbiome research at the nexus of many subdisciplines within and beyond biology. Thus, it urges the need for data accessibility and reusability, according to findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) principles, as supported by National Microbiome Data Collaborative and FAIR Microbiome. To tackle the challenge of accelerating discovery and advances in skin microbiome research, we collected, integrated and organized existing microbiome data resources from human skin 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing experiments. We generated a comprehensive collection of datasets, enriched in metadata, and organized this information into data frames ready to be integrated into microbiome research projects and advanced post-processing analyses, such as data science applications (e.g. machine learning). Furthermore, we have created a data retrieval and curation framework built on three different stages to maximize the retrieval of datasets and metadata associated with them. Lastly, we highlighted some caveats regarding metadata retrieval and suggested ways to improve future metadata submissions. Overall, our work resulted in a curated skin microbiome datasets collection accompanied by a state-of-the-art analysis of the last 10 years of the skin microbiome field. Database URL: https://github.com/giuliaago/SKIOMEMetadataRetrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Agostinetto
- *Corresponding author: Giulia Agostinetto. E-mail: and Antonia Bruno. Tel: +0039 0264483413; E-mail:
| | | | - Danilo Porro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, Milan 20126, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), via Fratelli Cervi, 93, Segrate (MI) 20054, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Antonia Bruno
- *Corresponding author: Giulia Agostinetto. E-mail: and Antonia Bruno. Tel: +0039 0264483413; E-mail:
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20
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Tommasi N, Pioltelli E, Biella P, Labra M, Casiraghi M, Galimberti A. Effect of urbanization and its environmental stressors on the intraspecific variation of flight functional traits in two bumblebee species. Oecologia 2022; 199:289-299. [PMID: 35575832 PMCID: PMC9225972 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The way urbanization shapes the intraspecific variation of pollinator functional traits is little understood. However, this topic is relevant for investigating ecosystem services and pollinator health. Here, we studied how urbanization affects the functional traits of workers in two bumblebee species (Bombus terrestris and B. pascuorum) sampled in 37 sites along a gradient of urbanization in North Italy (an area of 1800 km2 including the metropolitan context of Milan and other surrounding capital districts). Namely, we investigated the effect of land use composition, configuration, air temperature, flower resource abundance, and air pollutants on the variation of traits related to flight performance and of stress during insect development (i.e., wing size, wing shape and size fluctuating asymmetry). The functional traits of the two bumblebees responded idiosyncratically to urbanization. Urban temperatures were associated with smaller wing sizes in B. pascuorum and with more accentuated fluctuating asymmetry of wing size in B. terrestris. Moreover, flower abundance correlated with bigger wings in B. terrestris and with less asymmetric wing size in B. pascuorum. Other traits did not vary significantly, and other urban variables played minor effects. These species-specific variation patterns highlight that environmental stressor linked to urbanization negatively impact the traits related to flight performance and development stability of these syntopic bumblebees, with possible consequences on the pollination service they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tommasi
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Pioltelli
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Biella
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- INFN Sezione Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Biella P, Tommasi N, Guzzetti L, Pioltelli E, Labra M, Galimberti A. City climate and landscape structure shape pollinators, nectar and transported pollen along a gradient of urbanization. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Biella
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare ‐ Sez. Milano Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Emiliano Pioltelli
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare ‐ Sez. Milano Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare ‐ Sez. Milano Bicocca Milan Italy
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Ceccotti C, Bruno D, Tettamanti G, Branduardi P, Bertacchi S, Labra M, Rimoldi S, Terova G. New value from food and industrial wastes - Bioaccumulation of omega-3 fatty acids from an oleaginous microbial biomass paired with a brewery by-product using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Waste Manag 2022; 143:95-104. [PMID: 35240451 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on bioconversion based on insects is intensifying as it addresses the problem of reducing and reusing food and industrial waste. To reach this goal, we need to find more means of pairing waste to insects. With this goal, brewers' spent grains (BSG) - a food waste of the brewing industry - paired with the oleaginous biomass of the thraustochytrid Schizochytrium limacinum cultivated on crude glycerol - a major waste of biodiesel production - were successfully used to grow Hermetia illucens larvae. Combining BSG and S. limacinum in the diet in an attempt to design the lipid profile of H. illucens larvae to contain a higher percentage of omega-3 fatty acids is novel. Insect larvae were grown on three different substrates: i) standard diet for Diptera (SD), ii) BSG, and iii) BSG + 10% S. limacinum biomass. The larvae and substrates were analyzed for fatty acid composition and larval growth was measured until 25% of insects reached the prepupal stage. Our data showed that including omega-3-rich S. limacinum biomass in the BSG substrate promoted an increase in larval weight compared to larvae fed on SD or BSG substrates. Furthermore, it was possible, albeit in a limited way, to incorporate omega-3 fatty acids, principally docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from BSG + S. limacinum substrate containing 20% of DHA into the larval fat (7% DHA). However, H. illucens with this level of DHA may not be suitable if the aim is to get larvae with high omega-3 lipids to feed carnivorous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ceccotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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De Giuseppe R, Colleoni M, Cremaschi M, Daconto L, Di Napoli I, Gallace A, Guzzetti L, Labra M, Maurino A, Tomasinelli CE, Vincenti A, Zizzari S, Cena H. How to preserve healthy aging through nutritional strategies: The new approach of the Food Social Network (Food NET) project. MNM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aging is a process that does not refer only to the accumulation of damage in a human being over time but rather to individual changes determined by genetic, lifestyle, social and environmental factors. Aging is one of the greatest known risk factors for most human diseases. An older person in good health has a good level of independence, weighs less on the national health system and plays a productive and active role in his/her community; thus, the concept of “healthy aging”, reflecting older adult-environment fit should be promoted. The interactions between lifestyle, including nutrition, and health play a fundamental role in the aging process; eating habits and eating behaviours are recognized as important modifiable factors potentially leading to a healthy “phenotype”. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary consortium with three Italian universities (the University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Pavia and University of Calabria) and Italian Small-Medium Enterprises proposed the Food Social Network (Food NET) project. Food NET overall outcome is to achieve target-specific guidelines and exact technologies for accessible functional foods, aimed at improving the quality of life and nutritional status of citizens (aged>65) of the Metropolitan City of Milan (Italy). CONCLUSIONS: This project is part of the “Smart Living” and food-related strategies aimed at responding to the needs of this target population, developing new food products, appropriate to meet the specific requirements and ensuring and promoting sustainable diets for healthy aging by effective food policy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Colleoni
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cremaschi
- Department of Computer Science, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Daconto
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Napoli
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallace
- Department of Psychology, Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126-I Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126-I Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Maurino
- Department of Computer Science, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Elena Tomasinelli
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Zizzari
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD (BEST4FOOD), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Panzeri D, Guidi Nissim W, Labra M, Grassi F. Revisiting the Domestication Process of African Vigna Species (Fabaceae): Background, Perspectives and Challenges. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11040532. [PMID: 35214865 PMCID: PMC8879845 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are one of the most economically important and biodiverse families in plants recognised as the basis to develop functional foods. Among these, the Vigna genus stands out as a good representative because of its relatively recent African origin as well as its outstanding potential. Africa is a great biodiversity centre in which a great number of species are spread, but only three of them, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna subterranea and Vigna vexillata, were successfully domesticated. This review aims at analysing and valorising these species by considering the perspective of human activity and what effects it exerts. For each species, we revised the origin history and gave a focus on where, when and how many times domestication occurred. We provided a brief summary of bioactive compounds naturally occurring in these species that are fundamental for human wellbeing. The great number of wild lineages is a key point to improve landraces since the domestication process caused a loss of gene diversity. Their genomes hide a precious gene pool yet mostly unexplored, and genes lost during human activity can be recovered from the wild lineages and reintroduced in cultivated forms through modern technologies. Finally, we describe how all this information is game-changing to the design of future crops by domesticating de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Panzeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (W.G.N.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (W.G.N.); (M.L.)
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (W.G.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Fabrizio Grassi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (W.G.N.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.G.)
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Lonati E, Carrozzini T, Bruni I, Mena P, Botto L, Cazzaniga E, Del Rio D, Labra M, Palestini P, Bulbarelli A. Coffee-Derived Phenolic Compounds Activate Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway in I/R Injury In Vitro Model: A Nutritional Approach Preventing Age Related-Damages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031049. [PMID: 35164314 PMCID: PMC8839093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related injuries are often connected to alterations in redox homeostasis. The imbalance between free radical oxygen species and endogenous antioxidants defenses could be associated with a growing risk of transient ischemic attack and stroke. In this context, a daily supply of dietary antioxidants could counteract oxidative stress occurring during ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), preventing brain damage. Here we investigated the potential antioxidant properties of coffee-derived circulating metabolites and a coffee pulp phytoextract, testing their efficacy as ROS scavengers in an in vitro model of ischemia. Indeed, the coffee fruit is an important source of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acids, present both in the brewed seed and in the discarded pulp. Therefore, rat brain endothelial cells, subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and recovery (ogR) to mimic reperfusion, were pretreated or not with coffee by-products. The results indicate that, under OGD/ogR, the ROS accumulation was reduced by coffee by-product. Additionally, the coffee extract activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway via Erk and Akt kinases phosphorylation, as shown by increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels. The data indicate that the daily intake of coffee by-products as a dietary food supplement represents a potential nutritional strategy to counteract aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-026-448-8221
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Magoni C, Bertacchi S, Giustra CM, Guzzetti L, Cozza R, Ferrari M, Torelli A, Marieschi M, Porro D, Branduardi P, Labra M. Could microalgae be a strategic choice for responding to the demand for omega-3 fatty acids? A European perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Frigerio J, Tedesco E, Benetti F, Insolia V, Nicotra G, Mezzasalma V, Pagliari S, Labra M, Campone L. Anticholesterolemic Activity of Three Vegetal Extracts (Artichoke, Caigua, and Fenugreek) and Their Unique Blend. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:726199. [PMID: 34887750 PMCID: PMC8650624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic-related diseases, in particular hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, are a thorn on the side of the national health institutes around the globe. Indeed, liver lipid and cholesterol dysregulation could lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, statin administration and monacolin K consumption are the main therapies proposed to counter this alarming connection, but relevant side effects are known. To overcome this issue, safe nutraceutical formulations and/or vegetal extracts, endowed with anticholesterolemic activity, could be instrumental in hypercholesterolemia prevention and treatment. In the present work, the anticholesterolemic efficacy of three vegetal extracts used in traditional medicine (artichoke, caigua, and fenugreek), their unique blend (ACFB), and the monacolin K-containing red yeast extract (RYR), was investigated with an in vitro approach based on hepatic cell line HepG2. The impact on cholesterol of the three extracts, their blend, and RYR were investigated by determining hepatocyte total and free cholesterol and bile acids biosynthesis. According to our results, the anticholesterolemic activity of the vegetal extracts was confirmed, and a novel choleretic activity of caigua extract was evidenced. ACFB showed to be safer than RYR while showing a similar effect on total and free cholesterol and bile acids synthesis compared to it. The anticholesterolemic activity of the blend was obtained with lower vegetal extract concentrations compared with the single vegetal extract, potentially indicating an additive effect between the extracts. In conclusion, the vegetal extracts and their blend, ACFB, are safe and are endowed with anticholesterolemic activity, potentially providing complementary therapies to the statin-based ones for hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frigerio
- FEM2-Ambiente, Milano, Italy
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Erik Tedesco
- ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Benetti
- ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Pagliari
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Conti MV, Guzzetti L, Panzeri D, De Giuseppe R, Coccetti P, Labra M, Cena H. Bioactive compounds in legumes: Implications for sustainable nutrition and health in the elderly population. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cesareo M, Sorgente A, Labra M, Palestini P, Sarcinelli B, Rossetti M, Lanz M, Moderato P. The effectiveness of nudging interventions to promote healthy eating choices: A systematic review and an intervention among Italian university students. Appetite 2021; 168:105662. [PMID: 34474099 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nudges are changes in choice architecture (i.e., the environment in which people make decisions) aiming to steer a person's decision to a particular choice, without restricting alternative options or changing financial incentives. These strategies have been extensively used to promote healthy eating, above all among youths, whose behaviors can still be easily shaped compared to older people's. The current paper describes two studies aiming to investigate the effectiveness of nudging interventions in promoting healthy eating among university students. The first study consisted of a systematic review mapping all the published studies which describe the effectiveness of this kind of intervention worldwide. Twelve eligible records were selected after a search of three different databases. Information about the publication of the record, the adopted research methods and the described intervention was retrieved from each selected record. Based on this review's results, a new nudging intervention was developed to promote healthy food choice among Italian university students. The intervention aimed to modify students' choice for each of the Italian meal courses: first course (pasta, rice or soup), second course (meat, fish, cheese or cured meat), side dish, bread, and fruit. An Italian university cafeteria was observed in two phases: a pre-intervention phase (baseline) and a post-intervention phase (nudging strategies were implemented in the cafeteria's architecture). The applied nudging intervention was effective in promoting healthy choices in relation to the second course, the side dish, and the bread, but it did not significantly affect choices related to the first course or the fruit. Implications of these results and suggestions for future interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cesareo
- IESCUM, Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano, Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Labra
- UNIMIB-University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Sarcinelli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Moderato
- IESCUM, Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano, Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100, Parma, Italy; IULM University, Via Carlo Bo, 1, 20143, Milan, Italy.
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Guzzetti L, Panzeri D, Ulaszewska M, Sacco G, Forcella M, Fusi P, Tommasi N, Fiorini A, Campone L, Labra M. Assessment of Dietary Bioactive Phenolic Compounds and Agricultural Sustainability of an African Leafy Vegetable Corchorus olitorius L. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667812. [PMID: 34277680 PMCID: PMC8280468 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corchorus olitorius L. is an African leafy vegetable of high nutritional interest. To assess its agricultural suitability to sustainable cultivation conditions and its potential benefits for human nutrition, its phytochemical content in response to conservation agriculture practices [i.e., no-tillage (NT) and cover crop maintenance] and low water regime were evaluated and compared with response under conventional agriculture management. Hydric stress and NT did not affect the content of antioxidant metabolites, compared to conventional agricultural practices. In both conditions, leaves were found to be a great source of phenolic compounds. The effect of these phenolic fractions was assessed on two colon cell phenotypes to evaluate putative nutraceutical properties. Polyphenol-enriched extracts (PEEs) displayed selective cytotoxic activities against tumor Caco-2 cells but not on the healthy CCD841 line. PEEs were able to trigger oxidative stress and to inhibit the activity of glutathione-independent antioxidant enzymes on Caco-2 cells. C. olitorius showed to be a promising crop for improving both agricultural sustainability and health benefits due to the great amount of antioxidant compounds in leaves, whose occurrence is not altered by stressful farming conditions. Given its high adaptability, the cultivation of this crop is therefore recommendable also in the Mediterranean Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guzzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marynka Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Grazia Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Salvioni L, Morelli L, Ochoa E, Labra M, Fiandra L, Palugan L, Prosperi D, Colombo M. The emerging role of nanotechnology in skincare. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 293:102437. [PMID: 34023566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of cosmetic products is rapidly evolving in our society, with their use increasingly seen as an essential contribution to personal wellness. This suggests the necessity of a detailed elucidation of the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in cosmetics. The aim of the present work is to offer a critical and comprehensive review discussing the impact of exploiting nanomaterials in advanced cosmetic formulations, emphasizing the beneficial effects of their extensive use in next-generation products despite a persisting prejudice around the application of nanotechnology in cosmetics. The discussion here includes an interpretation of the data underlying generic information reported on the product labels of formulations already available in the marketplace, information that often lacks details identifying specific components of the product, especially when nanomaterials are employed. The emphasis of this review is mainly focused on skincare because it is believed to be the cosmetics market sector in which the impact of nanotechnology is being seen most significantly. To date, nanotechnology has been demonstrated to improve the performance of cosmetics in a number of different ways: 1) increasing both the entrapment efficiency and dermal penetration of the active ingredient, 2) controlling drug release, 3) enhancing physical stability, 4) improving moisturizing power, and 5) providing better UV protection. Specific attention is paid to the effect of nanoparticles contained in semisolid formulations on skin penetration issues. In light of the emerging concerns about nanoparticle toxicity, an entire section has been devoted to listing detailed examples of nanocosmetic products for which safety has been investigated.
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Bruno A, Sandionigi A, Magnani D, Bernasconi M, Pannuzzo B, Consolandi C, Camboni T, Labra M, Casiraghi M. Different Effects of Mineral Versus Vegetal Granular Activated Carbon Filters on the Microbial Community Composition of a Drinking Water Treatment Plant. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.615513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drinking water quality and safety is strictly regulated and constantly monitored, but little is known about the microorganisms inhabiting drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This lack of knowledge prevents optimization of designs and operational controls. Here we investigated the drinking water microbial community harbored by a groundwater-derived DWTP, involving mineral and vegetal granular activated carbon filters (GACs). We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze water microbiome variations through the potabilization process, considering (i) different GAC materials and (ii) time from GAC regeneration. Our results revealed the predominance of Cand. Patescibacteria, uncultivable bacteria with limited metabolic capacities and small genomes, from source to downstream water. Microbial communities clustered per sampling date, with the noteworthy exception of groundwater samples. If the groundwater microbiome showed no significant variations over time, the community structure of water downstream GACs (both mineral and vegetal) seemed to be affected by time from GAC regeneration. Looking at a finer scale, different GAC material affected microbiome assembly over time with significant variation in the relative abundances of specific taxa. The significance of our research is in identifying the environmental microorganisms intrinsic of deep groundwater and the community shift after the perturbations induced by potabilization processes. Which microorganisms colonize different GACs and become abundant after GACs regeneration and over time is a first step toward advanced control of microbial communities, improving drinking water safety and management of operational costs.
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Frigerio J, Marchesi C, Magoni C, Saliu F, Ballabio D, Consonni V, Gorini T, De Mattia F, Galli P, Labra M. Application of DNA mini-barcoding and infrared spectroscopy for the authentication of the Italian product “bottarga”. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bertacchi S, Pagliari S, Cantù C, Bruni I, Labra M, Branduardi P. Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Cinnamon Waste Material as Feedstock for the Microbial Production of Carotenoids. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18031146. [PMID: 33525450 PMCID: PMC7908450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the global need to move towards circular economies, microbial cell factories can be employed thanks to their ability to use side-stream biomasses from the agro-industrial sector to obtain additional products. The valorization of residues allows for better and complete use of natural resources and, at the same time, for the avoidance of waste management to address our needs. In this work, we focused our attention on the microbial valorization of cinnamon waste material after polyphenol extraction (C-PEW) (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl), generally discarded without any additional processing. The sugars embedded in C-PEW were released by enzymatic hydrolysis, more compatible than acid hydrolysis with the subsequent microbial cultivation. We demonstrated that the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides was able to grow and produce up to 2.00 (±0.23) mg/L of carotenoids in the resulting hydrolysate as a sole carbon and nitrogen source despite the presence of antimicrobial compounds typical of cinnamon. To further extend the potential of our finding, we tested other fungal cell factories for growth on the same media. Overall, these results are opening the possibility to develop separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) bioprocesses based on C-PEW and microbial biotransformation to obtain high-value molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bertacchi
- BioIndTechLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Chiara Cantù
- BioIndTechLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Paola Branduardi
- BioIndTechLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-64483418
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Conti MV, Campanaro A, Coccetti P, De Giuseppe R, Galimberti A, Labra M, Cena H. Potential role of neglected and underutilized plant species in improving women's empowerment and nutrition in areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Nutr Rev 2021; 77:817-828. [PMID: 31313806 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the nutrition transition, women in sub-Sahara Africa are a critical target group from a nutrition standpoint, and they experience significant discrimination in food production. Food-based, women-centered strategies are recommended to address nutrient gaps, and to educate and empower women. In this context, local natural resources, such as neglected and underutilized plant species (NUS), may contribute to adding nutritional value, enriching diet diversity, and ensuring nutrition security. The aim of the current narrative review is to investigate the nutritional status of the sub-Saharan African population and the potential role of local agriculture strategies in improving food production and diet diversity and in expanding income-generating activities for women. The nutritional properties of the most important regional NUS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Conti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ausilia Campanaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Taskin E, Boselli R, Fiorini A, Misci C, Ardenti F, Bandini F, Guzzetti L, Panzeri D, Tommasi N, Galimberti A, Labra M, Tabaglio V, Puglisi E. Combined Impact of No-Till and Cover Crops with or without Short-Term Water Stress as Revealed by Physicochemical and Microbiological Indicators. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10010023. [PMID: 33401423 PMCID: PMC7824270 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Farming systems in which no-till (NT) and cover crops (CC) are preferred as alternatives to conventional practices have the promise of being more resilient and climate smart. Our field study aimed to assess the long-term impact of NT plus CC, with vs. without short-term water stress, on soil microbial biodiversity, enzymatic activities, and the distribution of C and N pools within soil aggregates. We found that the diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil was positively affected by NT + CC, especially under water stress conditions. Under NT + CC, the presence of important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria was revealed. Soil enzymatic activity confirmed the depleting impact of conventional tillage. Soil C and N were increased under NT + CC due to their inclusion into large soil aggregates that are beneficial for long-term C and N stabilization in soils. Water stress was found to have detrimental effects on aggregates formation and limited C and N inclusion within aggregates. The microbiological and physicochemical parameters correlation supported the hypothesis that long-term NT + CC is a valuable strategy for sustainable agroecosystems, due to its contribution to soil C and N stabilization while enhancing the biodiversity and enzymes. Abstract Combining no-till and cover crops (NT + CC) as an alternative to conventional tillage (CT) is generating interest to build-up farming systems’ resilience while promoting climate change adaptation in agriculture. Our field study aimed to assess the impact of long-term NT + CC management and short-term water stress on soil microbial communities, enzymatic activities, and the distribution of C and N within soil aggregates. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) revealed the positive impact of NT + CC on microbial biodiversity, especially under water stress conditions, with the presence of important rhizobacteria (e.g., Bradyrhizobium spp.). An alteration index based on soil enzymes confirmed soil depletion under CT. C and N pools within aggregates showed an enrichment under NT + CC mostly due to C and N-rich large macroaggregates (LM), accounting for 44% and 33% of the total soil C and N. Within LM, C and N pools were associated to microaggregates within macroaggregates (mM), which are beneficial for long-term C and N stabilization in soils. Water stress had detrimental effects on aggregate formation and limited C and N inclusion within aggregates. The microbiological and physicochemical parameters correlation supported the hypothesis that long-term NT + CC is a promising alternative to CT, due to the contribution to soil C and N stabilization while enhancing the biodiversity and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Taskin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la sostenibilità della filiera agro-alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Roberta Boselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (R.B.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (R.B.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Chiara Misci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la sostenibilità della filiera agro-alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Federico Ardenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (R.B.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Bandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la sostenibilità della filiera agro-alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze (BtBs), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (D.P.); (N.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze (BtBs), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (D.P.); (N.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze (BtBs), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (D.P.); (N.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze (BtBs), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (D.P.); (N.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Labra
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze (BtBs), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (D.P.); (N.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (R.B.); (A.F.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-2359-9222
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la sostenibilità della filiera agro-alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
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Frigerio J, Agostinetto G, Galimberti A, De Mattia F, Labra M, Bruno A. Tasting the differences: Microbiota analysis of different insect-based novel food. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cavini S, Guzzetti L, Givoia F, Regonesi ME, Di Gennaro P, Magoni C, Campone L, Labra M, Bruni I. Artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) by-products as a source of inulin: how to valorise an agricultural supply chain extracting an added-value compound. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2140-2144. [PMID: 33118389 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1841188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at valorizing artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) by-products as source of inulin, a fiber showing relevant prebiotic properties, through the realization of a waste value chain. Starting from artichoke by-products, the inulin fraction was assessed both in terms of total amount and degree of polymerization as a function of the harvest season and storage conditions. These parameters have been found significant at influencing inulin yield of extraction. For the first time, artichoke wastes were proposed to be exploited taking into account the optimal conditions to preserve their high-added chemical value. Our data suggest that Italian farms could obtain from their wastes a total amount of 16 t/year of inulin with an average polymerization degree higher than 40 and would allow the development of a circular economy process within the artichoke supply chain, by exploiting its wastes representing 70% of the total artichoke biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cavini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guzzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Givoia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Regonesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Magoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Galimberti A, Cena H, Campone L, Ferri E, Dell'Agli M, Sangiovanni E, Belingheri M, Riva MA, Casiraghi M, Labra M. Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Nutr 2020; 7:569542. [PMID: 33134308 PMCID: PMC7578405 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is literally changing the world. From December 2019 to date, more than 22 million cases have been reported worldwide and global health institutions are acting to slow down the virus transmission and are looking for possible prevention strategies in case of a new outbreak. As in other endemic or pandemic phenomena, the issues mostly covered by scientific and media attention are related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of COVID-19. However, a still neglected issue regards the adoption of a more systemic approach considering the close connection among the infection, the environment, and human behaviors, including the role of diet and urban management. To shed light on this issue, we brought together a faculty group involving experts in environment and biodiversity, food safety, human nutrition, and behavior, bioprospecting, as well as medical doctors having a deep knowledge of the complex historical relationship between humanity and vector-borne infections. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Definitely, some priority issues should be addressed to achieve these goals, such as global efforts to increase food safety and security, which would benefit from urban and peri-urban agriculture enhancement, smallholder food producers support, and ecosystem services and local biodiversity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Belingheri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Panio A, Fabbri Corsarini S, Bruno A, Lasagni M, Labra M, Saliu F. Determination of phthalates in fish fillets by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS): A comparison of direct immersion solid phase microextraction (SPME) versus ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction (UASE). Chemosphere 2020; 255:127034. [PMID: 32679634 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing presence of plastic and plastic associated contaminants in the aquatic environments, the monitoring of this contamination in fish products and the understanding of possible human health implications is considered urgent. However, data are still relatively scarce, mostly due to the methodological challenges in the chemical analysis: these contaminants are ubiquitous and procedural contamination from the laboratory is frequent. In this work, we compared solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction (UASE) as sample preparation methods for the liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of phthalates in fish fillets. UASE was carried out with an acetone-hexane (1:1) solution and according to a reference procedure aimed to obtain the exhaustive extraction of the target analytes. SPME was carried out by applying C18 fibers in direct immersion mode and by using water/methanol 20:80 mixture to desorb the aliquot required for the analysis. Overall, SPME displayed an improved control of the background contamination and enabled lower LOQs. Precision, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD) on replicates of a reference sample, was below 24% for both the method. Analysis of real samples purchased from Italian supermarkets showed that SPME might be an efficient tool for estimating the risk associated with fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Panio
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabbri Corsarini
- Biotechnologies and Biosciences Department University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonia Bruno
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Lasagni
- Biotechnologies and Biosciences Department University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Saliu
- Biotechnologies and Biosciences Department University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Saliu F, Magoni C, Torelli A, Cozza R, Lasagni M, Labra M. Omega-3 rich oils from microalgae: A chitosan mediated in situ transesterification method. Food Chem 2020; 337:127745. [PMID: 32795855 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a precious source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), however extraction is difficult due to the peculiar microalgae cell structure. Here we describe a new method based on the application of chitosan nanoaggregates as CO2 responsive emulsifier, used to promote the swelling of algae cell wall and the formation of a large oil - ethanol interphase area during the ethanolysis. Tests were carried out with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Nannochloropsis sp. at different biomass/ethanol/chitosan ratios. CO2 was added to trigger demulsification to promote an easy recovery of the lipid fraction. The highest yields in PUFA were obtained with Nannochloropsis sp. (207.9 mg/g of oil) using 0.4% wt of chitosan and 1:10 biomass:ethanol ratio; 43.6 mg/g of linolenic acid were obtained from Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Overall, because the method employs ethanol, a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) solvent, and food grade additives, it is suited for the preparation of PUFA supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saliu
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Magoni
- Bioscience Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Torelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 11/A 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Radiana Cozza
- Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marina Lasagni
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Bioscience Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Cornara L, Ambu G, Trombetta D, Denaro M, Alloisio S, Frigerio J, Labra M, Ghimire G, Valussi M, Smeriglio A. Comparative and Functional Screening of Three Species Traditionally used as Antidepressants: Valeriana officinalis L., Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. and Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9080994. [PMID: 32764268 PMCID: PMC7464919 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) of three Caprifoliaceae species, the Eurasiatic Valeriana officinalis (Vo), the Himalayan Valeriana jatamansi (Vj) and Nardostachys jatamansi (Nj), are traditionally used to treat neurological disorders. Roots/rhizomes micromorphology, DNA barcoding and EOs phytochemical characterization were carried out, while biological effects on the nervous system were assessed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and microelectrode arrays (MEA). Nj showed the highest inhibitory activity on AChE (IC50 67.15 μg/mL) followed by Vo (IC50 127.30 μg/mL) and Vj (IC50 246.84 μg/mL). MEA analyses on rat cortical neurons, carried out by recording mean firing rate (MFR) and mean bursting rate (MBR), revealed stronger inhibition by Nj (IC50 18.8 and 11.1 μg/mL) and Vo (16.5 and 22.5 μg/mL), compared with Vj (68.5 and 89.3 μg/mL). These results could be related to different EO compositions, since sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes significantly contribute to the observed effects, but the presence of oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes and ketones is a discriminating factor in determining the order of potency. Our multidisciplinary approach represents an important tool to avoid the adulteration of herbal drugs and permits the evaluation of the effectiveness of EOs that could be used for a wide range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriele Ambu
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Susanna Alloisio
- ETT Spa, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy;
- Institute of Biophysics-CNR, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Nepal Herbs and Herbal Products Association, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), Norwich 13815, UK;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (D.T.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906-764-039
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Rizzo S, Russo M, Labra M, Campone L, Rastrelli L. Determination of Chloramphenicol in Honey Using Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Validation According to 2002/657 European Commission Decision. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153481. [PMID: 32751851 PMCID: PMC7435715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural food widely consumed due to its high content in nutrients and bioactive substances. In order to prevent hive infections, xenobiotics such as pesticides and antibiotics are commonly used. Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat honeybee larvae diseases. However, CAP has toxic and nondose-dependent effects in sensitive subjects; for this reason, its use has been prohibited in food-producing animals, such as the honeybee. In this study, we proposed a rapid, simple, and cheap analytical method, based on salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with UHPLC MS/MS detection for the accurate determination of CAP in honey to be used in routine analyses. The parameters that influence the extraction efficiency have been optimized using an experimental design in order to maximize the recovery of the analyte by reducing the matrix effects. Therefore, the developed method was internally validated according to the 2002/657/EC Decision guidelines and applied to the analysis of 96 honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria (RC), Italy;
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-64483330
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.R.); (L.R.)
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Panzeri D, Guzzetti L, Sacco G, Tedeschi G, Nonnis S, Airoldi C, Labra M, Fusi P, Forcella M, Regonesi ME. Effectiveness of Vigna unguiculata seed extracts in preventing colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2020; 11:5853-5865. [PMID: 32589172 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer, especially in Western countries, and its incidence rate is increasing every year. In this study, for the first time Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cowpea) water boiled seed extracts were found to reduce the viability of different colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, such as E705, DiFi and SW480 and the proliferation of Caco-2 line too, without affecting CCD841 healthy cell line. Furthermore, the extracts showed the ability to reduce the level of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in E705, DiFi and SW480 cell lines and to lower the EC50 of a CRC common drug, cetuximab, on E705 and DiFi lines from 161.7 ng mL-1 to 0.06 ng mL-1 and from 49.5 ng mL-1 to 0.2 ng mL-1 respectively. The extract was characterized in its protein and metabolite profiles by tandem mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR analyses. A Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor was identified within the protein fraction and was supposed to be the main active component. These findings confirm the importance of a legume-based diet to prevent the outbreak of many CRC and to reduce the amount of drug administered during a therapeutic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Panzeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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Campone L, Rizzo S, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Pagano I, Russo M, Labra M, Rastrelli L. Determination of mycotoxins in beer by multi heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Food Chem 2020; 318:126496. [PMID: 32146309 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world and its contamination with mycotoxins is of public health concern. This study reports a fast and automated analytical procedure based on a multi-heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using electrospray ionization for the determination of seven mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G2 and G1, ochratoxin A, fumonisins B1 and B2) in beers. The developed method was based on the heart-cutting 2D- HPLC technique in which only the specific portions of the first dimension, in the retention time of analytes, were transferred into the second dimension for the further separation and successive determination. The method uses two different chromatographic columns; in the first dimension, 50 μL of sample was injected on first column, and mycotoxins elution regions were collected in a loop and transferred into the second column for the separation of analytes. Each column operated in gradient elution mode in order to eliminate interfering compounds and improve separation and peak shape. After the optimization, the method has been validated according to EU regulation and finally applied for the analysis of forty beer samples collected from Italian supermarkets. Among all mycotoxins studied, fumonisins B1 was the most widely distributed in analysed beers (>21%) in the range from 0.6 to 12.3 ng mL-1. The automated methodology developed was able to determine accurately and simultaneously seven mycotoxins in beer. This provided a significant reduction of sample handle and, consequently of analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Serena Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Imma Pagano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, FOCUSSLAB Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari, 89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Zecca G, Labra M, Grassi F. Untangling the Evolution of American Wild Grapes: Admixed Species and How to Find Them. Front Plant Sci 2020; 10:1814. [PMID: 32117355 PMCID: PMC7025467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization and introgression are central evolutionary processes in grape genus (Vitis). On the other hand, the interspecific relationships among grapes, the directionality of the inferred admixture events and the parents of hybrids are not yet completely clarified. The grapes are economically important crops characterized by tendrils used to climb on the trees and the fruits harvested by humans especially for the consumption or to produce wines and liquors. The American grapes (ca. 30 species) are recognized as an important resource because they show biotic and abiotic resistances. We analyzed 3,885 genome-wide SNPs from 31 American Vitis species using the TreeMix software combined with the f3 and f4 tests. This approach allowed us to infer phylogenetic relationships and to explore the natural admixture among taxa. Our results confirmed the existence of all hybrid species recognized in literature (V. x champinii, V. x doaniana, V. x novae-angliae, and V. x slavinii), identifying their most likely parent species and provided evidence of additional gene flows between distantly related species. We discuss our results to elucidate the origin of American wild grapes, demonstrating that admixture events have ancient origins. We observe that gene flows have involved taxa currently spread through the southern regions of North America. Consequently, we propose that glacial cycles could have triggered the contact between interfertile taxa promoting local hybridization events. We conclude by discussing the phylogenetic implications of our findings and showing that TreeMix can provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zecca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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De Agostini A, Caltagirone C, Caredda A, Cicatelli A, Cogoni A, Farci D, Guarino F, Garau A, Labra M, Lussu M, Piano D, Sanna C, Tommasi N, Vacca A, Cortis P. Heavy metal tolerance of orchid populations growing on abandoned mine tailings: A case study in Sardinia Island (Italy). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:110018. [PMID: 31812823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how environmental pollutants influence plant occurrence, growth, and development is key for effective management plans and potential bioremediation. Rare plants, such as orchids, may occur in modified habitats and on soils containing heavy metals, yet their ecological and physiological responses to heavy metals is poorly understood. We investigated the influence of heavy metal pollution on orchid growth rates and interactions with soil fungal mutualists by comparing a large population of the orchid Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. tremolsii (Pau) E. Klein that grows on mine tailings in south-west Sardinia (Italy) with a population that grows on non-contaminated soils in central Sardinia. Soils of the contaminated site had high levels of heavy metals and low organic matter and nutritive elements content. We performed a morphological analysis on twenty individuals that have been subjected to measurement of bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals. Fungi associated with the roots of plants from the contaminated and uncontaminated site were grown and identified by DNA barcoding approach. Plants from the contaminated site were smaller than the ones growing in the uncontaminated site and were found to be able to tolerate heavy metals from the soil and to accumulate and translocate them into their organs. Fungi belonging to the genus Ilyonectria (Ascomycota) were found both in contaminated and uncontaminated sites, while an unidentified fungus was isolated from roots in the contaminated site only. These results are discussed in terms of orchids' tolerance to heavy metals and its physiological and ecological mechanisms. The role of contaminated habitats in harbouring orchids and peculiar taxa is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Agostini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alberto Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Annalena Cogoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Garau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of biotecnology and bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- Department of biotecnology and bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Vacca
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cortis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
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Frigerio J, Agostinetto G, Sandionigi A, Mezzasalma V, Berterame NM, Casiraghi M, Labra M, Galimberti A. The hidden 'plant side' of insect novel foods: A DNA-based assessment. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108751. [PMID: 31955731 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the context of novel foods, a category for which the market demand is increasing worldwide, the consumption of edible insects and related insect-based products is expected to grow in the next years. Insects represent an important source of energy for the human diet but there is a lack of scientific knowledge about their processing to ensure safe food items to the consumer. In this study we adopted a combined DNA-based approach to verify the identity of the declared species in five categories of commercial insect-based products (mt COI DNA barcoding) and to characterize plant declared ingredients or contaminants (nu ITS2 DNA metabarcoding) with particular attention to putative elements of allergenic concern belonging, for example to the insect rearing substrate. Moreover, the same approach has been used to assess its sensitivity to cases of contamination and counterfeits to insect flour with low cost (and potentially allergenic) vegetable flours like wheat and soybean. Results show the success of insect DNA barcoding authentication even for highly processed products. Furthermore, the DNA metabarcoding analysis revealed a high efficacy as a screening method to identify both plant ingredients and vegetal traces belonging to insect farming or possible adulteration events, also acting as an early warning strategy for the occurrence of allergens of human concern. This approach could support the development of new risk assessment procedures for novel foods by regulatory authorities to ensure their quality, safety, and acceptance which will become more required in order to face the challenge of feeding the world population in the next decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Agostinetto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Maria Berterame
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
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Saliu F, Magoni C, Lasagni M, Della Pergola R, Labra M. Multi-analytical characterization of perigonadal fat in bluefin tuna: from waste to marine lipid source. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4571-4579. [PMID: 30883753 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine lipids are widely recognized as supplements beneficial to health in the human diet. Bluefin tuna, as most migrating fish, may have high and variable marine lipid contents in their tissues. The viscera of the specimens caught in the Mediterranean Sea are generally discarded. Only ovaries are (locally) used for artisanal seafood preparations. RESULTS A multi-analytical approach carried out using infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that the perigonadal fats usually discarded during bluefin tuna evisceration are characterized by a high relative abundance of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (76.2% of dry mass), with docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5) acids preferentially located at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. By contrast, in fats from the ovarian tissues, no wax esters and phospholipids were evidenced. Cholesterol was found in very low amounts (84 mg/100 g ovarian tissue). In vitro assays showed that this fatty material is rapidly hydrolyzed by lipase and is prone to auto-oxidation, especially if compared to the stable wax esters contained in the ovary. CONCLUSION The results show that the perigonadal fats of bluefin tuna, traditionally wasted after evisceration, may be an interesting source for the preparation of marine lipid supplements that do not require complex fractionation processes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saliu
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Magoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Lasagni
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Della Pergola
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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