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Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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2
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Živković A, Gođevac D, Cigić B, Polak T, Požrl T. Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt ( Triticum spelta). Foods 2023; 12:foods12091769. [PMID: 37174307 PMCID: PMC10178788 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of germination on the secondary metabolite composition in spelt grains. Germination significantly increased the content of various metabolites in free and bound forms. Benzoxazinoids were the most important compounds in the free fraction of the 96 h germinated grains (MBOA content as the predominant compound was 277.61 ± 15.29 µg/g DW). The majority of phenolic acids were present in the bound fraction, with trans-ferulic acid as the main component, reaching 753.27 ± 95.87 µg/g DW. The often neglected cis-isomers of phenolic acids accounted for about 20% of the total phenolic acids. High levels of apigenin di-C-glycosides were found in spelt grains, and the schaftoside content was most affected by germination, increasing threefold. The accumulation of secondary metabolites significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated spelt. According to the results of this study, the content of most bioactive compounds was highest in spelt grains after 96 h of germination. These data suggest that germinated spelt could potentially be valuable for the production of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Živković
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Blaž Cigić
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Polak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Požrl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Tian W, Zheng Y, Wang W, Wang D, Tilley M, Zhang G, He Z, Li Y. A comprehensive review of wheat phytochemicals: From farm to fork and beyond. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2274-2308. [PMID: 35438252 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of whole wheat consumption can be partially attributed to wheat's phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkylresorcinols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. It is of increasing interest to produce whole wheat products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This review provides the fundamentals of the chemistry, extraction, and occurrence of wheat phytochemicals and includes critical discussion of several long-lasting issues: (1) the commonly used nomenclature on distribution of wheat phenolic acids, namely, soluble-free, soluble-conjugated, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids; (2) different extraction protocols for wheat phytochemicals; and (3) the chemistry and application of in vitro antioxidant assays. This review further discusses recent advances on the effects of genotypes, environments, field management, and processing techniques including ultrafine grinding, germination, fermentation, enzymatic treatments, thermal treatments, and food processing. These results need to be interpreted with care due to varied sample preparation protocols and limitations of in vitro assays. The bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metabolism, and potential health benefits of wheat phytochemicals are also reviewed. This comprehensive and critical review will benefit scientific researchers in the field of bioactive compounds of cereal grains and also those in the cereal food industry to produce high-quality functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Tian
- National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.,International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael Tilley
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhonghu He
- National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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4
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Nordin E, Steffensen SK, Laursen BB, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Åman P, Hallmans G, Borre M, Stærk D, Hanhineva K, Fomsgaard IS, Landberg R. An inverse association between plasma benzoxazinoid metabolites and PSA after rye intake in men with prostate cancer revealed with a new method. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5260. [PMID: 35347164 PMCID: PMC8960836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common cancer among men, and preventive strategies are warranted. Benzoxazinoids (BXs) in rye have shown potential against PC in vitro but human studies are lacking. The aim was to establish a quantitative method for analysis of BXs and investigate their plasma levels after a whole grain/bran rye vs refined wheat intervention, as well as exploring their association with PSA, in men with PC. A quantitative method for analysis of 22 BXs, including novel metabolites identified by mass spectrometry and NMR, was established, and applied to plasma samples from a randomized crossover study where patients with indolent PC (n = 17) consumed 485 g whole grain rye/rye bran or fiber supplemented refined wheat daily for 6 wk. Most BXs were significantly higher in plasma after rye (0.3–19.4 nmol/L in plasma) vs. refined wheat (0.05–2.9 nmol/L) intake. HBOA-glc, 2-HHPAA, HBOA-glcA, 2-HPAA-glcA were inversely correlated to PSA in plasma (p < 0.04). To conclude, BXs in plasma, including metabolites not previously analyzed, were quantified. BX metabolites were significantly higher after rye vs refined wheat consumption. Four BX-related metabolites were inversely associated with PSA, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Nordin
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stine K Steffensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sven-Olof Andersson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Johansson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dan Stærk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, 20520, Turku, Finland.,School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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5
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Impact of wheat aleurone on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota and metabolites in adults with high body mass index: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2651-2671. [PMID: 35247098 PMCID: PMC9279244 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Aleurone is a cereal bran fraction containing a variety of beneficial nutrients including polyphenols, fibers, minerals and vitamins. Animal and human studies support the beneficial role of aleurone consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Gut microbiota fiber fermentation, polyphenol metabolism and betaine/choline metabolism may in part contribute to the physiological effects of aleurone. As primary objective, this study evaluated whether wheat aleurone supplemented foods could modify plasma homocysteine. Secondary objectives included changes in CVD biomarkers, fecal microbiota composition and plasma/urine metabolite profiles. Methods A parallel double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial was carried out in two groups of obese/overweight subjects, matched for age, BMI and gender, consuming foods supplemented with either aleurone (27 g/day) (AL, n = 34) or cellulose (placebo treatment, PL, n = 33) for 4 weeks. Results No significant changes in plasma homocysteine or other clinical markers were observed with either treatment. Dietary fiber intake increased after AL and PL, animal protein intake increased after PL treatment. We observed a significant increase in fecal Bifidobacterium spp with AL and Lactobacillus spp with both AL and PL, but overall fecal microbiota community structure changed little according to 16S rRNA metataxonomics. Metabolomics implicated microbial metabolism of aleurone polyphenols and revealed distinctive biomarkers of AL treatment, including alkylresorcinol, cinnamic, benzoic and ferulic acids, folic acid, fatty acids, benzoxazinoid and roasted aroma related metabolites. Correlation analysis highlighted bacterial genera potentially linked to urinary compounds derived from aleurone metabolism and clinical parameters. Conclusions Aleurone has potential to modulate the gut microbial metabolic output and increase fecal bifidobacterial abundance. However, in this study, aleurone did not impact on plasma homocysteine or other CVD biomarkers. Trial Registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02067026) on the 17th February 2014. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02836-9.
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Li KJ, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Burton-Pimentel KJ, Vergères G, Feskens EJM. A systematic review to identify biomarkers of intake for fermented food products. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 33882831 PMCID: PMC8058972 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Fermented foods are ubiquitous in human diets and often lauded for their sensory, nutritious, and health-promoting qualities. However, precise associations between the intake of fermented foods and health have not been well-established. This is in part due to the limitations of current dietary assessment tools that rely on subjective reporting, making them prone to memory-related errors and reporting bias. The identification of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) bypasses this challenge by providing an objective measure of intake. Despite numerous studies reporting on FIBs for various types of fermented foods and drinks, unique biomarkers associated with the fermentation process (“fermentation-dependent” biomarkers) have not been well documented. We therefore conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature to identify biomarkers of fermented foods commonly consumed in diets across the world. Results After title, abstract, and full-text screening, extraction of data from 301 articles resulted in an extensive list of compounds that were detected in human biofluids following the consumption of various fermented foods, with the majority of articles focusing on coffee (69), wine (69 articles), cocoa (62), beer (34), and bread (29). The identified compounds from all included papers were consolidated and sorted into FIBs proposed for a specific food, for a food group, or for the fermentation process. Alongside food-specific markers (e.g., trigonelline for coffee), and food-group markers (e.g., pentadecanoic acid for dairy intake), several fermentation-dependent markers were revealed. These comprised compounds related to the fermentation process of a particular food, such as mannitol (wine), 2-ethylmalate (beer), methionine (sourdough bread, cheese), theabrownins (tea), and gallic acid (tea, wine), while others were indicative of more general fermentation processes (e.g., ethanol from alcoholic fermentation, 3-phenyllactic acid from lactic fermentation). Conclusions Fermented foods comprise a heterogeneous group of foods. While many of the candidate FIBs identified were found to be non-specific, greater specificity may be observed when considering a combination of compounds identified for individual fermented foods, food groups, and from fermentation processes. Future studies that focus on how fermentation impacts the composition and nutritional quality of food substrates could help to identify novel biomarkers of fermented food intake. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00686-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Li
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands. .,Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Beckmann M, Wilson T, Lloyd AJ, Torres D, Goios A, Willis ND, Lyons L, Phillips H, Mathers JC, Draper J. Challenges Associated With the Design and Deployment of Food Intake Urine Biomarker Technology for Assessment of Habitual Diet in Free-Living Individuals and Populations-A Perspective. Front Nutr 2020; 7:602515. [PMID: 33344495 PMCID: PMC7745244 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.602515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of diet at the population level is a cornerstone of national and international strategies for reducing chronic disease burden. A critical challenge in generating robust data on habitual dietary intake is accurate exposure assessment. Self-reporting instruments (e.g., food frequency questionnaires, dietary recall) are subject to reporting bias and serving size perceptions, while weighed dietary assessments are unfeasible in large-scale studies. However, secondary metabolites derived from individual foods/food groups and present in urine provide an opportunity to develop potential biomarkers of food intake (BFIs). Habitual dietary intake assessment in population surveys using biomarkers presents several challenges, including the need to develop affordable biofluid collection methods, acceptable to participants that allow collection of informative samples. Monitoring diet comprehensively using biomarkers requires analytical methods to quantify the structurally diverse mixture of target biomarkers, at a range of concentrations within urine. The present article provides a perspective on the challenges associated with the development of urine biomarker technology for monitoring diet exposure in free-living individuals with a view to its future deployment in "real world" situations. An observational study (n = 95), as part of a national survey on eating habits, provided an opportunity to explore biomarker measurement in a free-living population. In a second food intervention study (n = 15), individuals consumed a wide range of foods as a series of menus designed specifically to achieve exposure reflecting a diversity of foods commonly consumed in the UK, emulating normal eating patterns. First Morning Void urines were shown to be suitable samples for biomarker measurement. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, coupled with liquid chromatography, was used to assess simultaneously the behavior of a panel of 54 potential BFIs. This panel of chemically diverse biomarkers, reporting intake of a wide range of commonly-consumed foods, can be extended successfully as new biomarker leads are discovered. Towards validation, we demonstrate excellent discrimination of eating patterns and quantitative relationships between biomarker concentrations in urine and the intake of several foods. In conclusion, we believe that the integration of information from BFI technology and dietary self-reporting tools will expedite research on the complex interactions between dietary choices and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Duarte Torres
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Goios
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Naomi D. Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Lyons
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Beckmann M, Lloyd AJ, Wilson T, Torres DPM, Goios ACL, Willis ND, Lyons L, Phillips H, Mathers JC, Nash RJ, Sharp H, Draper J. Calystegines are Potential Urine Biomarkers for Dietary Exposure to Potato Products. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000515. [PMID: 32918337 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolites derived from specific foods present in urine samples can provide objective biomarkers of food intake (BFIs). This study investigated the possibility that calystegines (a class of iminosugars) may provide BIFs for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) product exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS Calystegine content is examined in published data covering a wide range of potato cultivars. Rapid methods are developed for the quantification of calystegines in cooked potato products and human urine using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The potential of calystegines as BFIs for potato consumption is assessed in a controlled food intervention study in the United Kingdom and validated in an epidemiological study in Portugal. Calystegine concentrations are reproducibly above the quantification limit in first morning void urines the day after potato consumption, showing a good dose-response relationship, particularly for calystegine A3 . The design of the controlled intervention mimicks exposure to a typical UK diet and showed that neither differences in preparation/cooking method or influence of other foods in the diet has significant impact on biomarker performance. Calystegine biomarkers also perform well in the independent validation study. CONCLUSION It is concluded that calystegines have many of the characteristics needed to be considered as specific BFIs for potato product intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Amanda J Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Duarte P M Torres
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C L Goios
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Naomi D Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Lyons
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Helen Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert J Nash
- PhytoQuest Ltd, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Hazel Sharp
- PhytoQuest Ltd, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
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9
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Beckmann M, Wilson T, Zubair H, Lloyd AJ, Lyons L, Phillips H, Tailliart K, Gregory N, Thatcher R, Garcia-Perez I, Frost G, Mathers JM, Draper J. A Standardized Strategy for Simultaneous Quantification of Urine Metabolites to Validate Development of a Biomarker Panel Allowing Comprehensive Assessment of Dietary Exposure. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000517. [PMID: 32926540 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolites derived from individual foods found in human biofluids after consumption could provide objective measures of dietary intake. For comprehensive dietary assessment, quantification methods would need to manage the structurally diverse mixture of target metabolites present at wide concentration ranges. METHODS AND RESULTS A strategy for selection of candidate dietary exposure biomarkers is developed. An analytical method for 62 food biomarkers is validated by extensive analysis of chromatographic and ionization behavior characteristics using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Urine samples from two food intervention studies are used: a controlled, inpatient study (n = 19) and a free-living study where individuals (n = 15) are provided with food as a series of menu plans. As proof-of-principle, it is demonstrated that the biomarker panel could discriminate between menu plans by detecting distinctive changes in the concentration in urine of targeted metabolites. Quantitative relationships between four biomarker concentrations in urine and dietary intake are shown. CONCLUSION Design concepts for an analytical strategy are demonstrated, allowing simultaneous quantification of a comprehensive panel of chemically-diverse biomarkers of a wide range of commonly-consumed foods. It is proposed that integration of self-reported dietary recording tools with biomarker approaches will provide more robust assessment of dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Hassan Zubair
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Amanda J Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Laura Lyons
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Helen Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Kathleen Tailliart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Nicholas Gregory
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - John M Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
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10
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Clarke ED, Rollo ME, Pezdirc K, Collins CE, Haslam RL. Urinary biomarkers of dietary intake: a review. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:364-381. [PMID: 31670796 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes are commonly assessed by established methods including food frequency questionnaires, food records, or recalls. These self-report methods have limitations impacting validity and reliability. Dietary biomarkers provide objective verification of self-reported food intakes, and represent a rapidly evolving area. This review aims to summarize the urinary biomarkers of individual foods, food groups, dietary patterns, or nutritional supplements that have been evaluated to date. Six electronic databases were searched. Included studies involved healthy populations, were published from 2000, and compared measured dietary intake with urinary markers. The initial search identified 9985 studies; of these, 616 full texts were retrieved and 109 full texts were included. Of the included studies, 67 foods and food components were studied, and 347 unique urinary biomarkers were identified. The most reliable biomarkers identified were whole grains (alkylresorcinols), soy (isoflavones), and sugar (sucrose and fructose). While numerous novel urinary biomarkers have been identified, further validation studies are warranted to verify the accuracy of self-reported intakes and utility within practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine Pezdirc
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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11
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Coras R, Murillo-Saich JD, Guma M. Circulating Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites and Its Potential Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:E827. [PMID: 32235564 PMCID: PMC7226773 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects synovial joints, leading to inflammation, joint destruction, loss of function, and disability. Although recent pharmaceutical advances have improved the treatment of RA, patients often inquire about dietary interventions to improve RA symptoms, as they perceive pain and/or swelling after the consumption or avoidance of certain foods. There is evidence that some foods have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects mediated by diet-related metabolites. In addition, recent literature has shown a link between diet-related metabolites and microbiome changes, since the gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of some dietary ingredients. But diet and the gut microbiome are not the only factors linked to circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites. Other factors including smoking, associated comorbidities, and therapeutic drugs might also modify the circulating metabolomic profile and play a role in RA pathogenesis. This article summarizes what is known about circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites in RA. It also emphasizes factors that might be involved in their circulating concentrations and diet-related metabolites with a beneficial effect in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Coras
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (R.C.); (J.D.M.-S.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica D. Murillo-Saich
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (R.C.); (J.D.M.-S.)
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (R.C.); (J.D.M.-S.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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González-Domínguez R, Urpi-Sarda M, Jáuregui O, Needs PW, Kroon PA, Andrés-Lacueva C. Quantitative Dietary Fingerprinting (QDF)-A Novel Tool for Comprehensive Dietary Assessment Based on Urinary Nutrimetabolomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1851-1861. [PMID: 30799616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Accurate dietary assessment is a challenge in nutritional research, needing powerful and robust tools for reliable measurement of food intake biomarkers. In this work, we have developed a novel quantitative dietary fingerprinting (QDF) approach, which enables for the first time the simultaneous quantitation of about 350 urinary food-derived metabolites, including (poly)phenolic aglycones, phase II metabolites, and microbial-transformed compounds, as well as other compounds (e.g., glucosinolates, amino acid derivatives, methylxanthines, alkaloids, and markers of alcohol and tobacco consumption). This method was fully validated for 220 metabolites, yielding good linearity, high sensitivity and precision, accurate recovery rates, and negligible matrix effects. Furthermore, 127 additional phase II metabolites were also included in this method after identification in urines collected from acute dietary interventions with various foods. Thus, this metabolomic approach represents one-step further toward precision nutrition and the objective of improving the accurateness and comprehensiveness in the assessment of dietary patterns and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Scientific and Technological Center of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Paul W Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA , United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA , United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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13
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Adebo OA, Gabriela Medina-Meza I. Impact of Fermentation on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Whole Cereal Grains: A Mini Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040927. [PMID: 32093014 PMCID: PMC7070691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization, emergence, and prominence of diseases and ailments have led to conscious and deliberate consumption of health beneficial foods. Whole grain (WG) cereals are one type of food with an array of nutritionally important and healthy constituents, including carotenoids, inulin, β-glucan, lignans, vitamin E-related compounds, tocols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds, which are beneficial for human consumption. They not only provide nutrition, but also confer health promoting effects in food, such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, and antioxidant properties. Fermentation is a viable processing technique to transform whole grains in edible foods since it is an affordable, less complicated technique, which not only transforms whole grains but also increases nutrient bioavailability and positively alters the levels of health-promoting components (particularly antioxidants) in derived whole grain products. This review addresses the impact of fermentation on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities with most available studies indicating an increase in these health beneficial constituents. Such increases are mostly due to breakdown of the cereal cell wall and subsequent activities of enzymes that lead to the liberation of bound phenolic compounds, which increase antioxidant activities. In addition to the improvement of these valuable constituents, increasing the consumption of fermented whole grain cereals would be vital for the world's ever-growing population. Concerted efforts and adequate strategic synergy between concerned stakeholders (researchers, food industry, and government/policy makers) are still required in this regard to encourage consumption and dispel negative presumptions about whole grain foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-559-6261
| | - Ilce Gabriela Medina-Meza
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, 524 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824-1323, USA;
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14
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Landberg R, Hanhineva K, Tuohy K, Garcia-Aloy M, Biskup I, Llorach R, Yin X, Brennan L, Kolehmainen M. Biomarkers of cereal food intake. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:28. [PMID: 31632507 PMCID: PMC6790055 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives Cereal foods are major contributors to the daily energy, protein, and dietary fiber intake all over the world. The role of cereals in human health is dependent on whether they are consumed as refined or whole grain and on cereal species. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of health effects attributed to specific cereal foods and to provide more precise dietary advice, there is a need for improved dietary assessment of whole-grain intake. Dietary biomarkers of specific cereals, different fractions or cereal-containing foods could offer such a possibility. The aim of this review was to summarize the current status on biomarkers of different cereals, fractions, and specific cereal foods. Subjects and methods A literature review was conducted and putative biomarkers of different cereals and pseudo-cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, and quinoa) as well as for different grain fractions (whole grain, refined grain, bran) and foods were summarized and discussed. Results Several putative biomarkers have been suggested for different cereals, due to their unique presence in these grains. Among the biomarkers, odd-numbered alkylresorcinols are the most well-studied and -evaluated biomarkers and reflect whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Even-numbered alkylresorcinols have been suggested to reflect quinoa intake. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential of avenanthramides and avenacosides as specific biomarkers of oat intake, and a set of biomarkers have been suggested to reflect rice bran intake. However, there are yet no specific biomarkers of refined grains. Most biomarker candidates remain to be evaluated in controlled interventions and free-living populations before applied as biomarkers of intake in food and health studies. Conclusion Several putative biomarkers of different cereals have been suggested and should be validated in human studies using recently developed food intake biomarker validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- 1Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- 2Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- 3Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izabela Biskup
- 1Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rafael Llorach
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- 2Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Lloyd AJ, Willis ND, Wilson T, Zubair H, Chambers E, Garcia-Perez I, Xie L, Tailliart K, Beckmann M, Mathers JC, Draper J. Addressing the pitfalls when designing intervention studies to discover and validate biomarkers of habitual dietary intake. Metabolomics 2019; 15:72. [PMID: 31049735 PMCID: PMC6497620 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary exposure monitoring within populations is reliant on self-reported measures such as Food Frequency Questionnaires and diet diaries. These methods often contain inaccurate information due to participant misreporting, non-compliance and bias. Urinary metabolites derived from individual foods could provide additional objective indicators of dietary exposure. For biomarker approaches to have utility it is essential that they cover a wide-range of commonly consumed foods and the methodology works in a real-world environment. OBJECTIVES To test that the methodology works in a real-world environment and to consider the impact of the major sources of likely variance; particularly complex meals, different food formulations, processing and cooking methods, as well as the dynamics of biomarker duration in the body. METHODS We designed and tested a dietary exposure biomarker discovery and validation strategy based on a food intervention study involving free-living individuals preparing meals and collecting urine samples at home. Two experimental periods were built around three consecutive day menu plans where all foods and drinks were provided (n = 15 and n = 36). RESULTS The experimental design was validated by confirming known consumption biomarkers in urinary samples after the first menu plan. We tested biomarker performance with different food formulations and processing methods involving meat, wholegrain, fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that spot urine samples, together with robust dietary biomarkers, despite major sources of variance, could be used successfully for dietary exposure monitoring in large epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - N D Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - T Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - H Zubair
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - E Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - I Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - L Xie
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - K Tailliart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - M Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - J C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.
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16
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González-Peña D, Brennan L. Recent Advances in the Application of Metabolomics for Nutrition and Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:479-519. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of small molecules called metabolites in biological samples. Application of metabolomics to nutrition research has expanded in recent years, with emerging literature supporting multiple applications. Key examples include applications of metabolomics in the identification and development of objective biomarkers of dietary intake, in developing personalized nutrition strategies, and in large-scale epidemiology studies to understand the link between diet and health. In this review, we provide an overview of the current applications and identify key challenges that need to be addressed for the further development of the field. Successful development of metabolomics for nutrition research has the potential to improve dietary assessment, help deliver personalized nutrition, and enhance our understanding of the link between diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana González-Peña
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;,
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;,
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17
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18
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Dihm K, Vendelbo Lind M, Sundén H, Ross A, Savolainen O. Quantification of benzoxazinoids and their metabolites in Nordic breads. Food Chem 2017; 235:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Pedersen HA, Heinrichson K, Fomsgaard IS. Alterations of the Benzoxazinoid Profiles of Uninjured Maize Seedlings During Freezing, Storage, and Lyophilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4103-4110. [PMID: 28457134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are highly studied compounds due to their biological activity and presence in several cereals. They include compound classes such as hydroxamic acids and lactams and usually occur as inactive glucosides in unstressed plants. Injury to the plant causes enzymatic hydrolysis of the inactive glucosides to the biologically active hydroxamic acid and lactam aglucones. The hydroxamic acids further undergo spontaneous hydrolysis to benzoxazolinones in aqueous solution. Extraction methods that do not cause immediate inactivation of enzymes result in accumulation of aglucones in samples. Using HPLC-MS to profile benzoxazinoids in maize seedlings subjected to several sample preparation techniques, we have found that hydroxamic acid aglucones and benzoxazolinones are present in uninjured maize seedlings, but that the benxozazinoid profile varies depending on sample treatment, potentially underrepresenting the glucoside content and overrepresenting the aglucone and benzoxazolinone content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Albert Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Heinrichson
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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20
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Koistinen VM, Hanhineva K. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of whole-grain phytochemicals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1688-1709. [PMID: 26167744 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1016477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains are a rich source of several classes of phytochemicals, such as alkylresorcinols, benzoxazinoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phytosterols. A high intake of whole grains has been linked to a reduced risk of some major noncommunicable diseases, and it has been postulated that a complex mixture of phytochemicals works in synergy to generate beneficial health effects. Mass spectrometry, especially when coupled with liquid chromatography, is a widely used method for the analysis of phytochemicals owing to its high sensitivity and dynamic range. In this review, the current knowledge of the mass spectral properties of the most important classes of phytochemicals found in cereals of common wheat, barley, oats, and rye is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Mikael Koistinen
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
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21
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Koistinen VM, Hanhineva K. Microbial and endogenous metabolic conversions of rye phytochemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27958675 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rye is one of the main cereals produced and consumed in the hemiboreal climate region. Due to its use primarily as wholegrain products, rye provides a rich source of dietary fibre as well as several classes of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds with potentially positive health implications. Here, we review the current knowledge of the metabolic pathways of phytochemical classes abundant in rye, starting from the microbial transformations occurring during the sourdough process and colonic fermentation and continuing with the endogenous metabolism. Additionally, we discuss the detection of specific metabolites by MS in different phases of their journey from the cereal to the target organs and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, , University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, , University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Gil A. Nutrimetabolomics: An Update on Analytical Approaches to Investigate the Role of Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds in Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122072. [PMID: 27941699 PMCID: PMC5187872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of low-weight molecules present in biological samples such as biofluids, tissue/cellular extracts, and culture media. Metabolomics research is increasing, and at the moment, it has several applications in the food science and nutrition fields. In the present review, we provide an update about the most frequently used methodologies and metabolomic platforms in these areas. Also, we discuss different metabolomic strategies regarding the discovery of new bioactive compounds (BACs) in plant-based foods. Furthermore, we review the existing literature related to the use of metabolomics to investigate the potential protective role of BACs in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Ciberobn, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Zhu Y, Wang P, Sha W, Sang S. Urinary Biomarkers of Whole Grain Wheat Intake Identified by Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Approaches. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36278. [PMID: 27805021 PMCID: PMC5090248 DOI: 10.1038/srep36278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that whole grain (WG) intake plays an important role in chronic disease prevention. However, numerous human studies have failed to produce clear-cut conclusions on this topic. Here, a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches, together with kinetic studies, was used to investigate biomarkers of WG wheat intake and further explore the diet-disease associations. Via these integrated approaches, forty-one compounds were identified as the most discriminating endogenous metabolites after WG versus refined grain (RG) wheat bread consumption. The corresponding biological assessment of these endogenous changes suggests that, in contrast to RG consumption, WG wheat consumption may facilitate antioxidant defense systems and moderate the risk factors of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. A panel of urinary markers consisting of seven alkylresorcinol metabolites and five benzoxazinoid derivatives as specific biomarkers, as well as five phenolic acid derivatives, was also established to cover multiple time points and longer time periods for correctly and objectively monitoring WG wheat intake. Through these findings, we have established a comprehensive biomarker pool to better assess WG wheat consumption, and to monitor the endogenous changes that are linked to health effects of WG wheat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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Steffensen SK, Pedersen HA, Adhikari KB, Laursen BB, Jensen C, Høyer S, Borre M, Pedersen HH, Borre M, Edwards D, Fomsgaard IS. Benzoxazinoids in Prostate Cancer Patients after a Rye-Intensive Diet: Methods and Initial Results. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8235-8245. [PMID: 27718574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rye bread contains high amounts of benzoxazinoids, and in vitro studies have shown suppressive effects of selected benzoxazinoids on prostate cancer cells. Thus, research into benzoxazinoids as possible suppressors of prostate cancer is demanded. A pilot study was performed in which ten prostate cancer patients received a rye-enriched diet 1 week prior to prostatectomy. Plasma and urine samples were collected pre- and postintervention. Ten prostate biopsies were obtained from each patient and histologically evaluated. The biopsies exhibited concentrations above the detection limit of seven benzoxazinoids ranging from 0.15 to 10.59 ng/g tissue. An OPLS-DA analysis on histological and plasma concentrations of benzoxazinoids classified the subjects into two clusters. A tendency of higher benzoxazinoid concentrations toward the benign group encourages further investigations. Benzoxazinoids were quantified by an optimized LC-MS/MS method, and matrix effects were evaluated. At low concentrations in biopsy and plasma matrices the matrix effect was concentration-dependent and nonlinear. For the urine samples the general matrix effects were small but patient-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine K Steffensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hans A Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Claudia Jensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital , Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Helene H Pedersen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mette Borre
- Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital , Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Koistinen VM, Katina K, Nordlund E, Poutanen K, Hanhineva K. Changes in the phytochemical profile of rye bran induced by enzymatic bioprocessing and sourdough fermentation. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Determination of benzoxazinoids in wheat and rye beers by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-QTOF MS. Food Chem 2016; 204:400-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Current dietary assessment methods including FFQ, 24-h recalls and weighed food diaries are associated with many measurement errors. In an attempt to overcome some of these errors, dietary biomarkers have emerged as a complementary approach to these traditional methods. Metabolomics has developed as a key technology for the identification of new dietary biomarkers and to date, metabolomic-based approaches have led to the identification of a number of putative biomarkers. The three approaches generally employed when using metabolomics in dietary biomarker discovery are: (i) acute interventions where participants consume specific amounts of a test food, (ii) cohort studies where metabolic profiles are compared between consumers and non-consumers of a specific food and (iii) the analysis of dietary patterns and metabolic profiles to identify nutritypes and biomarkers. The present review critiques the current literature in terms of the approaches used for dietary biomarker discovery and gives a detailed overview of the currently proposed biomarkers, highlighting steps needed for their full validation. Furthermore, the present review also evaluates areas such as current databases and software tools, which are needed to advance the interpretation of results and therefore enhance the utility of dietary biomarkers in nutrition research.
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Jensen BM, Adhikari KB, Schnoor HJ, Juel-Berg N, Fomsgaard IS, Poulsen LK. Quantitative analysis of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of benzoxazinoids in humans after the consumption of high- and low-benzoxazinoid diets with similar contents of cereal dietary fibres: a crossover study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:387-397. [PMID: 26519282 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are a group of wholegrain phytochemicals with potential pharmacological properties; however, limited information exists on their absorption, metabolism, and excretion in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent uptake and excretion of dietary BXs in a healthy population. METHODS Blood and urine were collected from 19 healthy participants from a crossover study after a washout, a LOW BX diet or HIGH BX diet, and analysed for 12 BXs and 4 phenoxazinone derivatives. RESULTS We found that the plasma BX level peaked approximately 3 h after food intake, whereas BXs in urine were present even at 36 h after consuming a meal. No phenoxazinone derivatives could be detected in either plasma or urine. The dominant BX metabolite in both plasma and urine was 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-Glc), even though 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA-Glc) was the major component in the diet. CONCLUSION The dietary BX treatment correlated well with the plasma and urine levels, illustrating strong dose-dependent BX absorption, which also had a rapid washout, especially from the plasma compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Jensen
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Heidi J Schnoor
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nanna Juel-Berg
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
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29
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Brennan L, Gibbons H, O’Gorman A. An Overview of the Role of Metabolomics in the Identification of Dietary Biomarkers. Curr Nutr Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Hanhineva K, Brunius C, Andersson A, Marklund M, Juvonen R, Keski-Rahkonen P, Auriola S, Landberg R. Discovery of urinary biomarkers of whole grain rye intake in free-living subjects using nontargeted LC-MS metabolite profiling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2315-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kati Hanhineva
- Department of Clinical Nutrition; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Food Science; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Food; Nutrition and Dietetics; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism; Uppsala Univeristy; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Risto Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | | | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit; Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Insitutet; Stockholm Sweden
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31
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Damgaard D, Jensen BM, Palarasah Y, Nielsen MFB, Adhikari KB, Schnoor HJ, Juel-Berg N, Poulsen LK, Fomsgaard IS, Nielsen CH. Dietary exposure to benzoxazinoids enhances bacteria-induced monokine responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2190-8. [PMID: 26255794 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To examine potentially immunomodulating effects of dietary benzoxazinoids (BXs), present in cereal grains. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen healthy volunteers were randomly distributed into two groups, who received diets with high or low content of BXs for 3 wk. After a week's wash-out, the groups switched diets. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or tetanus toxoid (TT). PBMCs from a healthy donor received the same stimuli in presence of serum from each participant receiving BXs. The production of monokines, T-cell cytokines and T-helper cell proliferation were assessed. A 3-wk diet with high BX content enhanced IL-1β responses against LPS and P. gingivalis, as well as TNF-α response against P. gingivalis, after 24 h of stimulation. Moreover, IL-6 was found to be increased after 7 days of stimulation with LPS. No effect was observed on T-cell cytokines or proliferation. BX levels in serum after a single meal did not modify cytokine responses. CONCLUSION High dietary intake of BXs enhances bacteria-induced production of pro-inflammatory monokines by PBMCs, but not T-cell responses; presumably due to intrinsic changes within PBMCs, built up over 3 wk of BX-rich diet, rather than to an immediate effects of BXs contained in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Thrombosis Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Friberg Bruun Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nanna Juel-Berg
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Savolainen O, Pekkinen J, Katina K, Poutanen K, Hanhineva K. Glycosylated Benzoxazinoids Are Degraded during Fermentation of Wheat Bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5943-5949. [PMID: 26040909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are plant secondary metabolites found in whole grain cereal foods including bread. They are bioavailable and metabolized in humans, and therefore their potential bioactivity is of interest. However, effects of food processing on their content and structure are not yet studied. This study reports effects of bioprocessing on wheat bran benzoxazinoid content. Benzoxazinoid glycosides were completely degraded during fermentation, whereas metabolites of benzoxazinoid aglycones were formed. Fermentation conditions did not affect the conversion process, as both yeast and yeast/lactic acid bacteria mediated fermentations had generally similar impacts. Likewise, enzymatic treatment of the bioprocess samples did not affect the conversion, suggesting that these compounds most likely are freely bioavailable from the grain matrix and not linked to the cell wall polymers. Additionally, the results show that benzoxazinoids undergo structural conversion during the fermentation process, resulting in several unknown compounds that contribute to the phytochemical intake and necessitate further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Savolainen
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- §Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenna Pekkinen
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- #VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- #VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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33
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Pekkinen J, Rosa-Sibakov N, Micard V, Keski-Rahkonen P, Lehtonen M, Poutanen K, Mykkänen H, Hanhineva K. Amino acid-derived betaines dominate as urinary markers for rye bran intake in mice fed high-fat diet-A nontargeted metabolomics study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1550-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Pekkinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
| | - Natalia Rosa-Sibakov
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
- JRU Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies (UMR IATE 1208) SupAgro-INRA-UM2-CIRAD; Montpellier France
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; VTT Finland
| | - Valerie Micard
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
- JRU Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies (UMR IATE 1208) SupAgro-INRA-UM2-CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; VTT Finland
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
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34
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Adhikari KB, Tanwir F, Gregersen PL, Steffensen SK, Jensen BM, Poulsen LK, Nielsen CH, Høyer S, Borre M, Fomsgaard IS. Benzoxazinoids: Cereal phytochemicals with putative therapeutic and health-protecting properties. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1324-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariha Tanwir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | - Per L. Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
| | - Claus H. Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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35
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Abstract
Dietary fibre alone does not fully explain the frequent association between greater intake of whole grains and reduced risk of disease in observational studies, and other phytochemicals or food structure may also play an important role. For all the observational evidence for the benefits of a whole-grain-rich diet, we have only limited knowledge of the mechanisms behind this reduction in disease risk, aside from the action of specific cereal fibres on reduction of blood cholesterol and the post-prandial glucose peak. Nutritional metabolomics, the global measurement and interpretation of metabolic profiles, assesses the interaction of food with the endogenous gene–protein cascade and the gut microbiome. This approach allows the generation of new hypotheses which account for systemic effects, rather than just focusing on one or two mechanisms or metabolic pathways. To date, animal and human trials using metabolomics to investigate mechanistic changes to metabolism on eating whole grains and cereal fractions have led to new hypotheses around mechanistic effects of whole grains. These include the role of cereals as a major source of dietary glycine betaine, a possible effect on phospholipid synthesis or metabolism, the role of branched-chain amino acids and improvements in insulin sensitivity, and the possibility that whole grains may have an effect on protein metabolism. These hypotheses help explain some of the observed effects of whole grains, although mechanistic studies using stable isotopes and fully quantitative measures are required to confirm these potential mechanisms.
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36
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Hanhineva K, Keski-Rahkonen P, Lappi J, Katina K, Pekkinen J, Savolainen O, Timonen O, Paananen J, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K. The postprandial plasma rye fingerprint includes benzoxazinoid-derived phenylacetamide sulfates. J Nutr 2014; 144:1016-22. [PMID: 24812068 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.187237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of whole-grain rye-derived phytochemicals has not yet been comprehensively characterized, and different baking and manufacturing processes can modulate the phytochemical composition of breads and other rye products. The aim of our study was to find key differences in the phytochemical profile of plasma after the consumption of 3 breads containing rye bran when compared with a plain white wheat bread control. Plasma metabolite profiles of 12 healthy middle-aged men and women were analyzed using LC quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis while fasting and at 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, and 24 h after consuming a meal that contained either 100% whole-grain sourdough rye bread or white wheat bread enriched with native unprocessed rye bran or bioprocessed rye bran. White wheat bread was used as the control. The meals were served in random order after a 12-h overnight fast, with at least 3 d between each occasion. Two sulfonated phenylacetamides, hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide and N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide, potentially derived from the benzoxazinoid metabolites, were among the most discriminant postprandial plasma biomarkers distinguishing intake of breads containing whole-meal rye or rye bran from the control white wheat bread. Furthermore, subsequent metabolite profiling analysis of the consumed breads indicated that different bioprocessing/baking techniques involving exposure to microbial metabolism (e.g., sourdough fermentation) have a central role in modulating the phytochemical content of the whole-grain and bran-rich breads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenni Lappi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and
| | - Kati Katina
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland; and Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Oskari Timonen
- Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland; and
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37
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Nutrimetabolomics fingerprinting to identify biomarkers of bread exposure in a free-living population from the PREDIMED study cohort. Metabolomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Scalbert A, Brennan L, Manach C, Andres-Lacueva C, Dragsted LO, Draper J, Rappaport SM, van der Hooft JJJ, Wishart DS. The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:1286-308. [PMID: 24760973 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The food metabolome is defined as the part of the human metabolome directly derived from the digestion and biotransformation of foods and their constituents. With >25,000 compounds known in various foods, the food metabolome is extremely complex, with a composition varying widely according to the diet. By its very nature it represents a considerable and still largely unexploited source of novel dietary biomarkers that could be used to measure dietary exposures with a high level of detail and precision. Most dietary biomarkers currently have been identified on the basis of our knowledge of food compositions by using hypothesis-driven approaches. However, the rapid development of metabolomics resulting from the development of highly sensitive modern analytic instruments, the availability of metabolite databases, and progress in (bio)informatics has made agnostic approaches more attractive as shown by the recent identification of novel biomarkers of intakes for fruit, vegetables, beverages, meats, or complex diets. Moreover, examples also show how the scrutiny of the food metabolome can lead to the discovery of bioactive molecules and dietary factors associated with diseases. However, researchers still face hurdles, which slow progress and need to be resolved to bring this emerging field of research to maturity. These limits were discussed during the First International Workshop on the Food Metabolome held in Glasgow. Key recommendations made during the workshop included more coordination of efforts; development of new databases, software tools, and chemical libraries for the food metabolome; and shared repositories of metabolomic data. Once achieved, major progress can be expected toward a better understanding of the complex interactions between diet and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Scalbert
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Claudine Manach
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - John Draper
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - David S Wishart
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
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Pekkinen J, Rosa NN, Savolainen OI, Keski-Rahkonen P, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Micard V, Hanhineva K. Disintegration of wheat aleurone structure has an impact on the bioavailability of phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals as evidenced by altered urinary metabolite profile of diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:1. [PMID: 24383425 PMCID: PMC3891979 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic acids are covalently bound to the arabinoxylan fibre matrix of wheat aleurone layer. In order to be bioavailable they need to be released by endogenous or bacterial enzymes and absorbed within the intestinal lumen. The intestinal microbiota can metabolize phenolic acids and other food-born phytochemicals. However, the effect of structure of the cereal bran or aleurone layer on these processes is not comprehensively studied. METHODS The structure of aleurone layer was modified either by dry-grinding or by enzymatic treatments with xylanase alone or in combination with feruloyl esterase. Diet induced obese C57BL6/J mice were fed with high-fat diets containing either pure ferulic acid, or one of the four differentially treated aleurone preparations for 8 weeks. The diets were designed to be isocaloric and to have similar macronutrient composition. The urinary metabolite profiles were investigated using non-targeted LC-qTOF-MS-metabolomics approach. RESULTS The different dietary groups were clearly separated in the principal component analysis. Enzymatic processing of aleurone caused increased excretion of ferulic acid sulfate and glycine conjugates reflecting the increase in unbound form of readily soluble ferulic acid in the diet. The urinary metabolite profile of the diet groups containing native and cryo-ground aleurone was more intense with metabolites derived from microbial processing including hippuric acid, hydroxyl- and dihydroxyphenylpropionic acids. Furthermore, aleurone induced specific fingerprint on the urinary metabolite profile seen as excretion of benzoxazinoid metabolites, several small dicarboyxlic acids, and various small nitrogen containing compounds. CONCLUSIONS The structural modifications on wheat aleurone fraction resulted in altered metabolism of aleurone derived phenolic acids and other phytochemicals excreted in urine of diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Pekkinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P,O, Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
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