1
|
Gao Y, Carne A, Young W, Burrow K, Naji S, Fraser-Miller SJ, Gordon KC, Bekhit AEDA. Effect of consumption of sheep and cow milk on rat brain fatty acid and phospholipid composition. Food Chem 2024; 439:138056. [PMID: 38035492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sheep milk and cow milk on the lipid composition of rat brain was investigated in two feeding experiments of 28-days duration. Total lipids of the rat brain were extracted using ethanol-hexane, and the fatty acids and phospholipid contents analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). Furthermore, freeze-dried pooled samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy and analysed with multivariate methods. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher C18:2 content was found in the cow milk group compared with sheep milk-treated groups in Study one. In Study two, a significantly (P < 0.05) lower C16:0 content was present in the sheep milk-treated group compared to the control low Ca/P group. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed in the spectroscopy analyses. It is concluded that sheep and cow milks fed to rats for 28-days had a low effect on the brain lipidome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Gao
- Food Science Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Alan Carne
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Keegan Burrow
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, RFH Building, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Samer Naji
- Te Whai Ao - Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Te Whai Ao - Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Te Whai Ao - Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Food Science Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kavle RR, Carne A, Bekhit AEA, Kebede B, Agyei D. Macronutrients and mineral composition of wild harvested
Prionoplus reticularis
edible insect at various development stages: nutritional and mineral safety implications. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita Rao Kavle
- Department of Food Science University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | | | - Biniam Kebede
- Department of Food Science University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burrow K, Young W, Hammer N, Safavi S, Scholze M, McConnell M, Carne A, Barr D, Reid M, Bekhit AED. The Effect of the Supplementation of a Diet Low in Calcium and Phosphorus with Either Sheep Milk or Cow Milk on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Bone using A Rat Model. Foods 2020; 9:E1070. [PMID: 32784633 PMCID: PMC7466322 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of cow milk (CM) and sheep milk (SM) consumption on the micro-structure, mechanical function, and mineral composition of rat femora in a male weanling rat model. Male weanling rats were fed a basal diet with a 50% reduction in calcium and phosphorus content (low Ca/P-diet) supplemented with either SM or CM. Rats were fed for 28 days, after which the femora were harvested and stored. The femora were analyzed by μ-CT, three-point bending, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The addition of either milk to the low Ca/P-diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone surface density, trabecular number, cortical bone volume, and maximum force, when compared to rats that consumed only the low Ca/P-diet. The consumption of either milk resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in trabecular pattern factor, and cortical bone surface to volume ratio when compared to rats that consumed only the low Ca/P-diet. The results were achieved with a lower consumption of SM compared to that of CM (p < 0.05). This work indicates that SM and CM can help overcome the effects on bone of a restriction in calcium and phosphorus intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer IWU, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Safavi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Mario Scholze
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen, 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - David Barr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahlborn N, Young W, Mullaney J, Samuelsson LM. In Vitro Fermentation of Sheep and Cow Milk Using Infant Fecal Bacteria. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1802. [PMID: 32560419 PMCID: PMC7353214 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While human milk is the optimal food for infants, formulas that contain ruminant milk can have an important role where breastfeeding is not possible. In this regard, cow milk is most commonly used. However, recent years have brought interest in other ruminant milk. While many similarities exist between ruminant milk, there are likely enough compositional differences to promote different effects in the infant. This may include effects on different bacteria in the large bowel, leading to different metabolites in the gut. In this study sheep and cow milk were digested using an in vitro infant digestive model, followed by fecal fermentation using cultures inoculated with fecal material from two infants of one month and five months of age. The effects of the cow and sheep milk on the fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and other metabolites were investigated. Significant differences in microbial, SCFA, and metabolite composition were observed between fermentation of sheep and cow milk using fecal inoculum from a one-month-old infant, but comparatively minimal differences using fecal inoculum from a five-month-old infant. These results show that sheep milk and cow milk can have differential effects on the gut microbiota, while demonstrating the individuality of the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ahlborn
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (N.A.); (W.Y.); (J.M.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, 47533 Kleve, Germany
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (N.A.); (W.Y.); (J.M.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenges, The Liggins Institute at the University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jane Mullaney
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (N.A.); (W.Y.); (J.M.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenges, The Liggins Institute at the University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Linda M. Samuelsson
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (N.A.); (W.Y.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burrow K, Young W, McConnell M, Carne A, Barr D, Reid M, Bekhit AED. The Effect of Sheep and Cow Milk Supplementation of a Low Calcium Diet on the Distribution of Macro and Trace Minerals in the Organs of Weanling Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E594. [PMID: 32106433 PMCID: PMC7146164 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of either sheep or cow milk supplementation to a low calcium and phosphorus diet on growth and organ mineral distribution in weanling rats. Rats were fed diets consisting of either a control chow, a 50% reduced calcium and phosphorous chow (low Ca/P), low Ca/P and sheep milk, or low Ca/P and cow milk diet for 28 days. Food intake of the rats, the growth rate of the rats, and the concentrations of minerals in the soft organs and serum were determined. Rats fed the low Ca/P diet alone had lower weight gain than rats consuming either of the milk-supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Both sheep milk and cow milk supplementation overcame the effects of consuming a diet restricted in calcium and phosphorus but the sheep milk was effective at a significantly lower level of milk intake (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in essential and trace mineral concentrations due to milk type were observed in the kidney, spleen, and liver. For non-essential minerals, significant differences (p < 0.05), related to diet, were observed in all organs for arsenic, cesium, rubidium, and strontium concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - David Barr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burrow K, Young W, Carne A, McConnell M, Hammer N, Scholze M, Bekhit AED. Consumption of sheep milk compared to cow milk can affect trabecular bone ultrastructure in a rat model. Food Funct 2019; 10:163-171. [PMID: 30516196 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01598h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cow milk has a positive effect on bone health due to the effects of its protein, fat, lipid, vitamin, and mineral components. Sheep milk contains a unique composition of all of these components. However, to the best of our knowledge the benefits of sheep milk in relation to bone development have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the consumption of sheep milk in comparison to cow milk on the structural and physical characteristics of growing bone in a rat model. Newly weaned male rats were fed either cow milk, sheep milk or sheep milk diluted to the same total solids content as cow milk for 28 days in addition to a basal chow. At the end of the feeding period animals were euthanized, the femora harvested and stored. The femora were analysed by μ-CT, mechanical bending tests, and ICP-MS. Rats consuming sheep milk in the trial were found to have significantly higher trabecular bone surface density and trabecular bone surface to volume ratio (p < 0.05) when compared to the rats consuming cow milk. No significant differences were observed in the mechanical properties and the mineral composition of the bones (p > 0.05). With the exception of Rb, which was found to be present in higher concentrations in rats consuming sheep milk (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that consumption of sheep milk may positively influence the structural integrity of bone, which may result in an enhancement of bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|