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Watanabe S, Haruyama R, Umezawa K, Tomioka I, Nakamura S, Katayama S, Mitani T. Genistein enhances NAD + biosynthesis by upregulating nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 121:109433. [PMID: 37648097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A decrease in the NAD+ level in adipocytes causes adipose-tissue dysfunction, leading to systemic glucose, and lipid metabolism failure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop small molecules and nutraceuticals that can increase NAD+ levels in adipocytes. Genistein, a nutraceutical derived from soybeans, has various physiological activities and improves glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to unravel the effects of genistein on the NAD+ level in adipocytes and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Genistein enhanced NAD+ biosynthesis by increasing the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis. A pull-down assay using genistein-immobilized beads revealed prohibitin 1 (PHB1) as a target protein of genistein. The knockdown of Phb1 suppressed the genistein-induced increase in NAMPT expression and NAD+ level in adipocytes. Genistein-bound PHB1 contributed to the stabilization of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, resulting in increased NAMPT expression at the transcriptional level. Genistein induced the dephosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor at serine 273 and increased the level of the insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin in adipocytes, whereas the knockdown of Nampt and Phb1 abolished these genistein-mediated effects. Our results proved the potential efficacy of genistein in increasing the NAD+ level and restoring metabolic function in adipocytes. Furthermore, we identified PHB1, localized to the plasma membrane, as a novel candidate target protein for increased expression of NAMPT in adipocytes. Overall, these findings will assist in developing NAD+-boosting nutraceuticals to alleviate metabolic dysfunctions in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Watanabe
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Riki Haruyama
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Umezawa
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tomioka
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Division of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takakazu Mitani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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Ospina-Romero MA, Medrano-Vázquez LS, Pinelli-Saavedra A, Sánchez-Villalba E, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Martínez-Téllez MÁ, Barrera-Silva MÁ, González-Ríos H. Productive Performance, Physiological Variables, and Carcass Quality of Finishing Pigs Supplemented with Ferulic Acid and Grape Pomace under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2396. [PMID: 37508174 PMCID: PMC10376859 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of individual and combined supplementation of FA and GPM on physiological variables, productive performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs under heat stress conditions were investigated. Forty Yorkshire × Duroc pigs (80.23 kg) were individually housed and randomly distributed into 4 groups under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 10): Control (basal diet, BD); FA, BD + 25 mg FA; GPM, BD with 2.5% GPM; and MIX, BD with 25 mg FA and 2.5% GPM. Additives were supplemented for 31 days. The inclusion of FA or GPM did not modify rectal temperature and respiratory rate. There was an effect of the interaction on FI, which increased when only GPM was supplemented, with respect to Control and MIX (p < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC) were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). The inclusion of FA improved hot and cold carcass weight, while the addition of GPM decreased the marbling (p < 0.05) and tended to increase loin area (p < 0.10). GPM increased liver weight (p < 0.05). The addition of GPM and FA can improve some carcass characteristics under heat stress conditions. It is necessary to continue investigating different levels of inclusion of GPM and FA in finishing pigs' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Ospina-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Leslie S Medrano-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Araceli Pinelli-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Esther Sánchez-Villalba
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino km 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Martín Valenzuela-Melendres
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Barrera-Silva
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino km 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
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de Souza E Silva S, Leite N, Furtado-Alle L, de Souza RLR, Corazza PRP, Tradiotto MC, Milano GE, da Silva LR, Pizzi J, Lopes MDFA, Lopes WA, Tureck LV. ADRB2 gene influences responsiveness to physical exercise programs: A longitudinal study applied to overweight or obese Brazilian children and adolescents. Gene X 2022; 820:146296. [PMID: 35149152 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether the expression levels and polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene have influenced the anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes changes in obese/overweight children submitted to physical exercise programs. This longitudinal study included 197 overweight or obese children aged 10-16 years, submitted to physical exercise programs - three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic profile was collected before and after interventions. The ADRB2 gene expression levels were also measured in these two moments in a small intervention group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 18). Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms were genotyped. A positive correlation between ADRB2 expression and loss of body fat (%) (p = 0.038) was observed, which remained after sex and BMI change corrections. Carriers of the Glu27Glu genotype presented a better response to physical exercise programs regarding their triglycerides levels and triglyceride-glucose index (p = 0.001 for both). The participants' responsiveness to physical exercise programs showed variation due to the ADRB2 gene expression and the Gln27Glu polymorphism. A more significant loss of body fat was associated with higher levels of ADRB2 expression, and the Glu27Glu genotype was associated with a better cardiometabolic response. The Arg16Gly polymorphism did not show interaction with the responsiveness to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia de Souza E Silva
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Ribeiro Paes Corazza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara Cristina Tradiotto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerusa Eisfeld Milano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rosa da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pizzi
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Aguiar Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendell Arthur Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Ikeda T, Watanabe S, Mitani T. Genistein regulates adipogenesis by blocking the function of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 in the mitochondria. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:260-272. [PMID: 34849563 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genistein exerts antiadipogenic effects, but its target molecules remain unclear. Here, we delineated the molecular mechanism underlying the antiadipogenic effect of genistein. A pulldown assay using genistein-immobilized beads identified adenine nucleotide translocase-2 as a genistein-binding protein in adipocytes. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 exchanges ADP/ATP through the mitochondrial inner membrane. Similar to the knockdown of adenine nucleotide translocase-2, genistein treatment decreased ADP uptake into the mitochondria and ATP synthesis. Genistein treatment and adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown reduced the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase inhibition restored the suppression of adipogenesis by adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown. These results indicate that genistein interacts directly with adenine nucleotide translocase-2 to suppress its function. The downregulation of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 reduces the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which consequently represses adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ikeda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takakazu Mitani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
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Chen N, Ge MM, Li DY, Wang XM, Liu DQ, Ye DW, Tian YK, Zhou YQ, Chen JP. β2-adrenoreceptor agonist ameliorates mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112331. [PMID: 34673421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is a debilitating and common side effect of cancer treatment and so far no effective drug is available for treatment of the serious side effect. Previous studies have demonstrated β2-adrenoreceptor (ADRB2) agonists can attenuate neuropathic pain. However, the role of ADRB2 in paclitaxel -induced neuropathic pain (PINP) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of formoterol, a long-acting ADRB2 agonist, and related mechanisms in PINP. A rat model of PINP was established by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel (2 mg/kg) every other day with a final cumulative dose of 8 mg/kg. Hind paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) in response to von Frey filament stimuli were used to evaluate mechanical allodynia. Western blot was used to examine the expression of ADRB2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and the immunofluorescence was to detect the cellular localization of ADRB2 and PGC-1α in the spinal cord. Moreover, we measured mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number by qPCR. In our study, formoterol attenuated established PINP and delayed the onset of PINP. Formoterol restored ADRB2 expression as well as mtDNA copy number and PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM protein expression, which are major genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, in the spinal cord of PINP rats. Moreover, we found the analgesic effect of formoterol against PINP was partially abolished by PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292. Collectively, these results demonstrated the activation of ADRB2 with formoterol ameliorates PINP at least partially through induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Formoterol Fumarate/pharmacology
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/genetics
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- Neuralgia/physiopathology
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Paclitaxel
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/physiopathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ge
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Da-Wei Ye
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Department of Pain Management, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Chikazawa M, Moriwaki Y, Uramoto M, Yamauchi Y, Shimizu M, Shimizu K, Sato R. Functional effect of nobiletin as a food-derived allosteric modulator of mouse CRFR2β in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:328-334. [PMID: 32703431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2β (CRFR2β) results in increased skeletal muscle mass and the prevention of muscle atrophy. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we screened 357 functional food factors that activate CRFR2β and, subsequently, confirmed that nobiletin (NBT) increases CRFR2β activity. Additionally, we found that NBT augments the activity of the endogenous peptide ligand urocortin 2 (Ucn2) in a concentration-dependent manner. Computational simulation of CRFR2β confirmed that transmembrane domains (TMs) 1 and 2 are important for the synergistic activity of NBT and also identified important amino acids in these domains. Finally, we demonstrated that a co-administration of Ucn2 and NBT increases the hypertrophic signal in mouse skeletal muscle. These observations demonstrate that NBT can activate CRFR2β and amplify the agonistic activity of Ucn2 and that such food-derived molecules have the potential to enhance endogenous G protein-coupled receptor ligand activities and contribute to the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Moriwaki
- Bioinformational Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mari Uramoto
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Bioinformational Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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Chikazawa M, Shimizu M, Yamauchi Y, Sato R. Bridging molecules are secreted from the skeletal muscle and potentially regulate muscle differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:113-120. [PMID: 31753488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Muscle myogenesis is an essential step for muscle development and recovery. During muscle fusion, multiple molecules are thought to be necessary for the formation of normal myotubes. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) and Gas6 are phosphatidylserine-recognizing bridging molecules that are secreted mainly from immune cells. In this study, we confirmed that these molecules are expressed and secreted from C2C12 cells. Mouse muscle and satellite cells also expressed these molecules. MFG-E8 was highly expressed and secreted in both undifferentiated and differentiated C2C12 cells. We observed that MFG-E8 and Gas6 were bound to the surface of differentiated C2C12 cells more compared with undifferentiated cells. Additionally, the treatment of recombinant MFG-E8 upregulated expression of myogenic genes and suppressed apoptosis during myogenesis in C2C12 cells. In this paper, we discuss the presence of novel functional molecules expressed and secreted in the skeletal muscle. The results of this study suggest that bridging molecules are one of the determinants of myogenesis or other muscle responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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Sandoval-Skeet N, Kaufman JA, Castro MJ, Al-Nakkash L. Genistein diet does not modify crypt morphology in the ob/ob mouse jejunum: a comparison of cryostat and clearing techniques. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:863-873. [PMID: 30568474 PMCID: PMC6276911 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is commonly associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. We have previously shown that transepithelial short circuit current, Isc (chloride secretion), is significantly reduced in the jejunum from ob/ob mice vs lean controls, and consumption of 600 mg genistein/kg of diet (600 G) for 4 weeks significantly rescues Isc. We aimed to evaluate whether morphological changes in the jejunal crypts contribute to the rescue of Isc. METHODS Male mice (ob/ob and lean controls) were fed either a genistein-free diet or genistein-containing diet (600 G). Comparisons of crypt morphology were made for crypt depth, length, and numbers of proliferative cells. Assessments of crypt measures using DAPI and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) were performed using traditional cryostat sectioning and an innovative 3D optical clearing method. RESULTS We found that crypt length in the ob/ob genistein-fed group was significantly greater when measured with cleared tissue (85.19±4.73 µm, P<0.05, n=8) compared to lengths measured with cryostat (65.42±3.48 µm, n=8). In addition, proliferative EdU+ counts were approximately fivefold greater with clearing, compared to counts obtained via single plane images from cryostat sections for all groups measured. The average length to EdU+ ratio was unchanged between groups. CONCLUSION Thus, we conclude that genistein diet does not affect overall cellular proliferation or crypt morphology, other than for the modest increased crypt length measured via clearing in the ob/ob genistein group. The increase in crypt length is likely indicative of the greater accuracy of the 3D measures compared to single plane. Genistein diet-induced increases in the intestinal Isc are therefore likely not attributed to changes in intestinal crypt morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA,
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