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Dumolt JH, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Gestational hypercholesterolemia programs hepatic steatosis in a sex-specific manner in ApoE-deficient mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108945. [PMID: 35016999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC), a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy, may influence offspring hepatic lipid metabolism and increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As NAFLD is characterized by a sexual dimorphic response, we assessed whether early-life exposure to excessive cholesterol influences the development of NAFLD in offspring and whether this occurs in a sex-specific manner. Female apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to a control (CON) or a high cholesterol (CH; 0.15%) diet prior to breeding. At parturition, a cross-fostering approach was used to establish three groups: (1) normal cholesterol exposure throughout gestation and lactation (CON-CON); (2) excessive cholesterol exposure throughout gestation and lactation (CH-CH); and (3) excessive cholesterol exposure in the gestation period only (CH-CON). Adult male offspring (PND 84) exposed to excessive cholesterol during gestation only (CH-CON) demonstrated hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and reduced lipogenic gene expression. However, male mice with a prolonged cholesterol exposure throughout gestation and lactation (CH-CH) had a similar, but not exacerbated hepatic response. Further, with the exception of higher serum TG in adult CH-CH females, evidence for a programming effect in female offspring was largely absent in comparison with males. These results indicate a sexual dimorphic response with respect to the effect of MHC on later life hepatic steatosis and highlight the gestation period as the most influential malprogramming window for hepatic lipid dysfunction in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Jiang S, Guo T, Guo S, Gao J, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. Chronic Variable Stress Induces Hepatic Fe(II) Deposition by Up-Regulating ZIP14 Expression via miR-181 Family Pathway in Rats. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070653. [PMID: 34356508 PMCID: PMC8301360 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Modern intensive production methods attract accusations of poor animal welfare due to long-term exposure to stressors including high temperature, persistent humidity and overcrowding. Stress can be defined as any condition that threatens the physiological homoeostasis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses that tend to restore the prior stable status of the organism. Uncontrollable and unpredictable sources of stress can cause various forms of damage to the liver, which is the central mediator of systemic iron balance. Iron, notably, is an essential element for maintaining health in virtually all organisms. We found that chronic variable stress can cause weight loss and disorders of the liver iron metabolism in rats, thereby triggering liver oxidative damage. Our results also suggest that the miR-181 family is a potential target for treating iron overload-associated diseases. Abstract It is well-known that hepatic iron dysregulation, which is harmful to health, can be caused by stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate chronic variable stress (CVS) on liver damage, hepatic ferrous iron deposition and its molecular regulatory mechanism in rats. Sprague Dawley rats at seven weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (Con) and a CVS group. CVS reduces body weight, but increases the liver-to-body weight ratio. The exposure of rats to CVS increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, resulting in liver damage. CVS lowered the total amount of hepatic iron content, but induced hepatic Fe(II) accumulation. CVS up-regulated the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 (ZIP14), but down-regulated ferritin and miR-181 family members. In addition, miR-181 family expression was found to regulate ZIP14 expression in HEK-293T cells by the dual-luciferase reporter system. These results indicate that CVS results in liver damage and induces hepatic Fe(II) accumulation, which is closely associated with the up-regulation of ZIP14 expression via the miR-181 family pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Taining Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-6413; Fax: +86-25-8439-8669
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Mathew J, Huang SC, Dumolt JH, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Maternal hypercholesterolemia programs dyslipidemia in adult male mouse progeny. Reproduction 2021; 160:1-10. [PMID: 32272447 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a collection of metabolic abnormalities including inflammation, insulin resistance, hypertension, hormone imbalance, and dyslipidemia, maternal obesity has been well-documented to program disease risk in adult offspring. Although hypercholesterolemia is strongly associated with obesity, less work has examined the programming influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) independent of maternal obesity or high-fat feeding. This study was conducted to characterize how MHC per se impacts lipid metabolism in offspring. Female (n = 6/group) C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to: (1.) a standard chow diet (Control, CON) or (2.) the CON diet supplemented with exogenous cholesterol (CH) (0.15%, w/w) throughout mating and the gestation and lactation periods. At weaning (postnatal day (PND) 21) and adulthood (PND 84), male offspring were characterized for blood lipid and lipoprotein profile and hepatic lipid endpoints, namely cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, fatty acid profile, TG production, and mRNA expression of lipid-regulatory genes. Both newly weaned and adult offspring from CH mothers demonstrated increased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle number and size and hepatic TG and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation. Further, adult CH offspring exhibited reduced fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and increased diglyceride acyltransferase (Dgat1) mRNA expression. These programming effects appear to be independent of changes in hepatic TG production and postprandial lipid clearance. Study results suggest that MHC, independent of obesity or high-fat feeding, can induce early changes to serum VLDL distribution and hepatic lipid profile that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Mathew
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sze-Chi Huang
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Excessive early-life cholesterol exposure may have later-life consequences for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:229-236. [PMID: 32290895 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in utero and immediate postnatal environments are recognized as critical windows of developmental plasticity where offspring are highly susceptible to changes in the maternal metabolic milieu. Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy which can program metabolic dysfunction in offspring, including dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Although there is currently no established reference range MHC, a loosely defined cutoff point for total cholesterol >280 mg/dL in the third trimester has been suggested. There are several unanswered questions regarding this condition particularly with regard to how the timing of cholesterol exposure influences hepatic lipid dysfunction and the mechanisms through which these adaptations manifest in adulthood. Gestational hypercholesterolemia increased fetal hepatic lipid concentrations and altered lipid regulatory mRNA and protein content. These early changes in hepatic lipid metabolism are evident in the postweaning environment and persist into adulthood. Further, changes to hepatic epigenetic signatures including microRNA (miR) and DNA methylation are observed in utero, at weaning, and are evident in adult offspring. In conclusion, early exposure to cholesterol during critical developmental periods can predispose offspring to the early development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is characterized by altered regulatory function beginning in utero and persisting throughout the life cycle.
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Dumolt JH, Ma M, Mathew J, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Gestational hypercholesterolemia alters fetal hepatic lipid metabolism and microRNA expression in Apo-E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E831-E838. [PMID: 31453710 PMCID: PMC6879864 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during gestation, which can alter offspring hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the extent that these maladaptations occur during gestation and the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. MicoRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNAs that contribute to the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, we sought to determine the degree to which in utero exposure to excessive cholesterol affects fetal hepatic lipid metabolism and miRNA expression. Twelve female apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to two different chow-based diets throughout gestation: control (CON) or the CON diet with cholesterol (0.15%). MHC reduced maternal fecundity and reduced litter size and weight. On gestational day 18, fetuses from MHC dams possessed increased placental cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides (TG), which were accompanied by a downregulation in the expression of hepatic lipogenic and TG synthesis and transport genes. Furthermore, fetal livers from MHC mothers showed increased miRNA-27a and reduced miRNA-200c expression. In summary, in utero exposure to MHC alters fetal lipid metabolism and lends mechanistic insight that implicates early changes in miRNA expression that may link to later-life programming of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joyce Mathew
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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