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Subin P, Sabuhom P, Naladta A, Luecha P, Nualkaew S, Nualkaew N. An Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Thai Traditional Polyherbal Recipe TPDM6315 in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages and TNF-α-Induced 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4891-4907. [PMID: 37367060 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TPDM6315 is an antipyretic Thai herbal recipe that contains several herbs with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of TPDM6315 extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and TNF-α-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the effects of TPDM6315 extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that the TPDM6315 extracts reduced the nitric oxide production and downregulated the iNOS, IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α genes regulating fever in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with TPDM6315 extracts during a differentiation to the adipocytes resulted in the decreasing of the cellular lipid accumulation in adipocytes. The ethanolic extract (10 µg/mL) increased the mRNA level of adiponectin (the anti-inflammatory adipokine) and upregulated the PPAR-γ in the TNF-α induced adipocytes. These findings provide evidence-based support for the traditional use of TPDM6315 as an anti-pyretic for fever originating from inflammation. The anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory actions of TPDM6315 in TNF-α induced adipocytes suggest that this herbal recipe could be useful for the treatment of metabolic syndrome disorders caused by obesity. Further investigations into the modes of action of TPDM6315 are needed for developing health products to prevent or regulate disorders resulting from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetpawi Subin
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Sabuhom
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alisa Naladta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prathan Luecha
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somsak Nualkaew
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Natsajee Nualkaew
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Ponnusamy V, Subramanian G, Muthuswamy K, Shanmugamprema D, Vasanthakumar K, Krishnan V, Subramaniam S. Tongue papillae density and fat taster status- a cardinal role on sweet and bitter taste perception among Indian population. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112294. [PMID: 36596198 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex nutritional disorder that may be influenced by calorie intake and eating behaviours. Aside from many studies, the influence of papillae count on obesity is still debated. Despite the multiple variables connected to weight gain and altered taste perception, determining the association between papillae count and taste sensitivity to fat, sweet and bitter tastes, in particular, has recently become a focus of attention. This study aimed to rule out the relationship between the number of papillae on different areas of the tongue and taste sensitivity in people (n = 150) among the various groups depending on their body mass index (BMI) and fat taste sensitivity. The general labelled magnitude scale (gLMS) was used for the taste sensitivity analysis, and participants were asked to rate the intensity of each concentration of the different tastants. Using a digital camera to obtain a picture of the tongue, the density of the papillae on the tongue was counted manually by three different operators. The study reveals that the total papillae density and BMI had a direct negative correlation (r = -0.43), with papillae density (PD) decreasing as BMI increased. Concurrently, persons with higher BMIs had lower papillae distributions (32.38 ± 1.85 PD/cm2) and significantly lower perceptions of the intensity of fat taste. Further examining papillae density in the anterior front part of the tongue, the front-right section, showed significantly higher papillae distribution (74.04 ± 2.11 PD/cm2) than the front-left section. When considering the sensitivity in the tip of the tongue, middle tongue, and whole mouth, high-sensitivity individuals for fat are more sensitive to both sweet and bitter tastes. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated a strong relationship between taste sensitivity in the Indian population, BMI, and tongue papillae density in various regions of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinithra Ponnusamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Gowtham Subramanian
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Karthi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Deepankumar Shanmugamprema
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Keerthana Vasanthakumar
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India.
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Bai R, Cui F, Li W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Wang N, Xu Q, Hu F, Zhang Y. Codonopsis pilosula oligosaccharides modulate the gut microbiota and change serum metabolomic profiles in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8143-8157. [PMID: 35816111 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01119k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide, linked to gut microbiota imbalance and chronic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate whether Codonopsis pilosula oligosaccharides (CPOs) can alleviate obesity and related metabolic complications in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a HFD for 16 weeks and treated daily with CPOs (500 mg kg-1). CPO supplementation decreased body weight and fat accumulation and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. CPOs also reversed the effects of the HFD on inflammatory markers and improved macrophage infiltration. The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that CPOs could also regulate gut microbiota composition, significantly increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae spp., Alistipes and Clostridium and decreasing the abundance of the harmful bacteria Rikenella, Enterobacteriaceae spp., Collinsella and Megasphaera in HFD mice. Based on serum non-targeted metabolomics analysis, 20 key metabolites responding to CPO treatment were identified, and their biological functions were mainly related to tryptophan and bile acid metabolism. The results demonstrate that CPO supplementation can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. It can be used as a novel gut microbiota modulator to prevent HFD-induced gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Bai
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yingrui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Codonopsis Radix Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, 252052, China.
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Chebulinic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Inhibiting PPP1CB Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020865. [PMID: 35055051 PMCID: PMC8775935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit beta (PPP1CB), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase and potent adipogenic activator, suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Therefore, PPP1CB is considered as a potential therapeutic target for obesity. We screened 1033 natural products for PPP1CB inhibitors and identified chebulinic acid, which is abundantly present in the seeds of Euphoria longana and fruits of Terminalia chebula. Chebulinic acid strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate by PPP1CB (IC50 = 300 nM) and demonstrated potent antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Additional studies have demonstrated that chebulinic acid suppresses early differentiation by downregulating key transcription factors that control adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggested that chebulinic acid may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating obesity by inhibiting PPP1CB activity.
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Ruiz de Azua MJ, Cruz-Carrión Á, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A, Suarez M. Seasonal Consumption of Cherries from Different Origins Affects Metabolic Markers and Gene Expression of Lipogenic Enzymes in Rat Liver: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3643. [PMID: 34684644 PMCID: PMC8537345 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical composition of fruits, especially polyphenols, depends on the environmental conditions under which these fruits are cultivated and the agronomic practices followed. Therefore, the consumption of fruits from different origins, with different polyphenol signatures, could have differential effects on health. In addition, recent studies have shown that variation in the biological rhythms due to changes in the photoperiod in the different seasons differentially affect the metabolism in animal models, thus conditioning their response to food consumption. Considering all, this article evaluates the effects of consumption of sweet cherry from different sources, local (LC) and non-local (nLC), on plasma metabolic parameters and the gene expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism in Fischer 344 rats under photoperiods simulating different seasons. Animals were classified into three photoperiods (L6, L12 and L18) and three treatments (LC, nLC and VH). Both the photoperiod and the treatments significantly affected the evaluated parameters. An effect of the photoperiod on triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and the mRNA concentration of crucial enzymes from the hepatic lipid metabolism was observed. Furthermore, the consumption of fruit in L12 lowered blood glucose, while the different treatments affected the hepatic expression of genes related with lipidic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Suarez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.J.R.d.A.); (Á.C.-C.); (B.M.); (A.A.-A.)
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