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Zafar MI, Chen X. Effects of Calorie Restriction on Preserving Male Fertility Particularly in a State of Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:256-274. [PMID: 38489002 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Highlight the importance of exploring nutritional interventions that could be applied as alternative or supplementary therapeutic strategies to enhance men's fertility. RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle choices have prompted extensive discussions regarding its implications and applications as a complementary therapy. The growing concern over the decline in sperm quality underscores the urgency of investigating these alternative interventions. Calorie restriction (CR) has emerged as a promising strategy to improve male fertility. The efficacy of CR depends on factors like age, ethnicity and genetics. Clinical studies, such as CALERIE, have shown an improvement in serum testosterone level and sexual drive in men with or without obesity. Additionally, CR has been shown to positively impact sperm count and motility; however, its effects on sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation remain less clear, and the literature has shown discrepancies, mainly due to the nature of technically dependent assessment tools. The review advocates a personalized approach to CR, considering individual health profiles to maximize its benefits. It underscores the need for routine, accessible diagnostic techniques in male reproductive health. It suggests that future research should focus on personalized dietary interventions to improve male fertility and overall well-being in individuals with or without obesity and unravel CR's immediate and lasting effects on semen parameters in men without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
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Elsahoryi NA, Neville CE, Patterson CC, McKinley MC, Baldrick FR, Mulligan C, McCall DO, Noad RL, Rooney C, Wallace I, McEvoy CT, Hunter S, McCance DR, Edgar DJ, Elborn SJ, McKeown PP, Young IS, Moore RE, Nugent AP, Woodside JV. The effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on blood pressure and lipids: a pooled analysis of six randomised controlled fruit and vegetable intervention trials. Age Ageing 2024; 53:ii80-ii89. [PMID: 38748910 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, also exploring whether effects differed by medication use. DESIGN Across trials, dietary intake was assessed by diet diaries or histories, lipids by routine biochemical methods and BP by automated monitors. Linear regression provided an estimate of the change in lipid profile or BP associated with a one portion increase in self-reported daily FV intake, with interaction terms fitted for medication use. RESULTS The pooled sample included a total of 554 participants (308 males and 246 females). Meta-analysis of regression coefficients revealed no significant change in either systolic or diastolic BP per portion FV increase, although there was significant heterogeneity across trials for systolic BP (I2 = 73%). Neither adjusting for change in body mass index, nor analysis according to use of anti-hypertensive medication altered the relationship. There was no significant change in lipid profile per portion FV increase, although there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol among those not on lipid-lowering therapy (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSION Pooled analysis of six individual FV trials showed no impact of increasing intake on BP or lipids, but there was a total cholesterol-lowering effect in those not on lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Elsahoryi
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Charlotte E Neville
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Chris C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Francina R Baldrick
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Ciara Mulligan
- Diabetes Department, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Trust, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Rebecca L Noad
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Ciara Rooney
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Ian Wallace
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Claire T McEvoy
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Steven Hunter
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - David R McCance
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | | | - Stuart J Elborn
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pascal P McKeown
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian S Young
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Rachel E Moore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Anne P Nugent
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
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Farias-Pereira R, Zuk JB, Khavaran H. Plant bioactive compounds from Mediterranean diet improve risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:403-423. [PMID: 37415346 PMCID: PMC10399461 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2232949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean (Med) dietary pattern consists of moderate or high consumption of foods that are linked to reduced risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This comprehensive review evaluates studies on Med diet-representative foods and beverages, such as red wine and olive oil, to understand the inverse associations of Med diet and MetS. The intake of dietary fibre, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and polyphenols - including flavonoids and stilbenes - help to explain the benefits of Med diet on abdominal adiposity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and high blood pressure to some extent. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols as well as the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on lipid metabolism are part of the underlying mechanisms. Overall, this review shows that dietary interventions using Med diet components improve MetS health markers in humans and/or rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renalison Farias-Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua B. Zuk
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hannah Khavaran
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Aureli V, Rossi L. Nutrition Knowledge as a Driver of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Italy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:804865. [PMID: 35387192 PMCID: PMC8978558 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.804865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An optimal Nutrition knowledge (NK) among the population could result in greater Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (AMD), a recognized dietary pattern capable of preventing chronic food-related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association between NK and AMD in Italy. Methods A national representative sample of 2,869 adults took part in an assessment that was carried out through a self-administrated questionnaire including sections relating to NK and AMD. AMD was evaluated following the PREDIMED PLUS methodology. Descriptive statistics were provided, and ordinal measures of NK score and AMD were calculated based on quartiles of the quantitative scores. A contingency analysis was performed to check associations between variables. Results In Italy, the average NK score was 50 ± 13.3, equivalent to 56.8% of correct answers. The average value of AMD was 6.8, corresponding to 40% of the maximum score with 31.4% of the population demonstrating low AMD, 31.3% in the lower-middle range, 24% in the medium-high range, and only 13.3% reporting a high AMD. A significant association between NK and AMD was found; respondents who reported the lowest AMD corresponded to those with the lowest NK (36.7%; p < 0.05) and similarly, those with the highest level of adherence to MD also achieved the highest NK scores (41.7%; p < 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that AMD in Italy is generally low, and the strong association between NK and AMD demonstrated that there is a clear connection between a healthy dietary pattern and the nutrition literacy of the population. Those with the highest AMD corresponded to the highest NK and, conversely, those with the lowest AMD displayed the lowest NK. The study also highlighted that socioeconomic aspects were strong determinants of both AMD and NK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Aureli
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rossi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
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